John Edison moved from Bayfield to Vienna, Ontario, on the northern bank of Lake Erie. Mr. Edison supplies an interesting reminiscence of the old man and his environment in those early Canadian days. "When I was five years old I was taken by my father and mother on a visit to Vienna. We were driven by carriage from Milan, Ohio, to a railroad, then to a port on Lake Erie, thence by a canal-boat in a tow of several to Port Burwell, in Canada, across the lake, and from there we drove to Vienna, a short distance away. I remember my grandfather perfectly14 as he appeared, at 102 years of age, when he died. In the middle of the day he sat under a large tree in front of the house facing a well-travelled road. His head was covered completely with a large quantity of very white hair, and he chewed tobacco incessantly15, nodding to friends as they passed by. He used a very large cane16, and walked from the chair to the house, resenting any assistance. I viewed him from a distance, and could never get very close to him. I remember some large pipes, and especially a molasses jug17, a trunk, and several other things that came from Holland."
John Edison was long-lived, like his father, and reached the ripe old age of 102, leaving his son Samuel charged with the care of the family destinies, but with no great burden of wealth. Little is known of the early manhood of this father of T. A. Edison until we find him keeping a hotel at Vienna, marrying a school-teacher there (Miss Nancy Elliott, in 1828), and taking a lively share in the troublous politics of the time. He was six feet in height, of great bodily vigor18, and of such personal dominance of character that he became a captain of the insurgent19 forces rallying under the banners of Papineau and Mackenzie. The opening years of Queen Victoria's reign20 witnessed a belated effort in Canada to emphasize the principle that there should not be taxation21 without representation; and this descendant of those who had left the United States from disapproval22 of such a doctrine23, flung himself headlong into its support.
It has been said of Earl Durham, who pacified24 Canada at this time and established the present system of government, that he made a country and marred25 a career. But the immediate26 measures of repression27 enforced before a liberal policy was adopted were sharp and severe, and Samuel Edison also found his own career marred on Canadian soil as one result of the Durham administration. Exile to Bermuda with other insurgents28 was not so attractive as the perils29 of a flight to the United States. A very hurried departure was effected in secret from the scene of trouble, and there are romantic traditions of his thrilling journey of one hundred and eighty-two miles toward safety, made almost entirely31 without food or sleep, through a wild country infested32 with Indians of unfriendly disposition33. Thus was the Edison family repatriated34 by a picturesque political episode, and the great inventor given a birthplace on American soil, just as was Benjamin Franklin when his father came from England to Boston. Samuel Edison left behind him, however, in Canada, several brothers, all of whom lived to the age of ninety or more, and from whom there are descendants in the region.
After some desultory35 wanderings for a year or two along the shores of Lake Erie, among the prosperous towns then springing up, the family, with its Canadian home forfeited36, and in quest of another resting-place, came to Milan, Ohio, in 1842. That pretty little village offered at the moment many attractions as a possible Chicago. The railroad system of Ohio was still in the future, but the Western Reserve had already become a vast wheat-field, and huge quantities of grain from the central and northern counties sought shipment to Eastern ports. The Huron River, emptying into Lake Erie, was navigable within a few miles of the village, and provided an admirable outlet37. Large granaries were established, and proved so successful that local capital was tempted38 into the project of making a tow-path canal from Lockwood Landing all the way to Milan itself. The quaint40 old Moravian mission and quondam Indian settlement of one hundred inhabitants found itself of a sudden one of the great grain ports of the world, and bidding fair to rival Russian Odessa. A number of grain warehouses41, or primitive elevators, were built along the bank of the canal, and the produce of the region poured in immediately, arriving in wagons drawn by four or six horses with loads of a hundred bushels. No fewer than six hundred wagons came clattering42 in, and as many as twenty sail vessels43 were loaded with thirty-five thousand bushels of grain, during a single day. The canal was capable of being navigated44 by craft of from two hundred to two hundred and fifty tons burden, and the demand for such vessels soon led to the development of a brisk ship-building industry, for which the abundant forests of the region supplied the necessary lumber45. An evidence of the activity in this direction is furnished by the fact that six revenue cutters were launched at this port in these brisk days of its prime.
Samuel Edison, versatile48, buoyant of temper, and ever optimistic, would thus appear to have pitched his tent with shrewd judgment49. There was plenty of occupation ready to his hand, and more than one enterprise received his attention; but he devoted50 his energies chiefly to the making of shingles51, for which there was a large demand locally and along the lake. Canadian lumber was used principally in this industry. The wood was imported in "bolts" or pieces three feet long. A bolt made two shingles; it was sawn asunder52 by hand, then split and shaved. None but first-class timber was used, and such shingles outlasted53 far those made by machinery54 with their cross-grain cut. A house in Milan, on which some of those shingles were put in 1844, was still in excellent condition forty-two years later. Samuel Edison did well at this occupation, and employed several men, but there were other outlets55 from time to time for his business activity and speculative56 disposition.
Edison's mother was an attractive and highly educated woman, whose influence upon his disposition and intellect has been profound and lasting57. She was born in Chenango County, New York, in 1810, and was the daughter of the Rev47. John Elliott, a Baptist minister and descendant of an old Revolutionary soldier, Capt. Ebenezer Elliott, of Scotch58 descent. The old captain was a fine and picturesque type. He fought all through the long War of Independence—seven years—and then appears to have settled down at Stonington, Connecticut. There, at any rate, he found his wife, "grandmother Elliott," who was Mercy Peckham, daughter of a Scotch Quaker. Then came the residence in New York State, with final removal to Vienna, for the old soldier, while drawing his pension at Buffalo59, lived in the little Canadian town, and there died, over 100 years old. The family was evidently one of considerable culture and deep religious feeling, for two of Mrs. Edison's uncles and two brothers were also in the same Baptist ministry60. As a young woman she became a teacher in the public high school at Vienna, and thus met her husband, who was residing there. The family never consisted of more than three children, two boys and a girl. A trace of the Canadian environment is seen in the fact that Edison's elder brother was named William Pitt, after the great English statesman. Both his brother and the sister exhibited considerable ability. William Pitt Edison as a youth was so clever with his pencil that it was proposed to send him to Paris as an art student. In later life he was manager of the local street railway lines at Port Huron, Michigan, in which he was heavily interested. He also owned a good farm near that town, and during the ill-health at the close of his life, when compelled to spend much of the time indoors, he devoted himself almost entirely to sketching61. It has been noted62 by intimate observers of Thomas A. Edison that in discussing any project or new idea his first impulse is to take up any piece of paper available and make drawings of it. His voluminous note-books are a mass of sketches63. Mrs-Tannie Edison Bailey, the sister, had, on the other hand, a great deal of literary ability, and spent much of her time in writing.
The great inventor, whose iron endurance and stern will have enabled him to wear down all his associates by work sustained through arduous64 days and sleepless65 nights, was not at all strong as a child, and was of fragile appearance. He had an abnormally large but well-shaped head, and it is said that the local doctors feared he might have brain trouble. In fact, on account of his assumed delicacy66, he was not allowed to go to school for some years, and even when he did attend for a short time the results were not encouraging—his mother being hotly indignant upon hearing that the teacher had spoken of him to an inspector67 as "addled68." The youth was, indeed, fortunate far beyond the ordinary in having a mother at once loving, well-informed, and ambitious, capable herself, from her experience as a teacher, of undertaking69 and giving him an education better than could be secured in the local schools of the day. Certain it is that under this simple regime studious habits were formed and a taste for literature developed that have lasted to this day. If ever there was a man who tore the heart out of books it is Edison, and what has once been read by him is never forgotten if useful or worthy70 of submission71 to the test of experiment.
But even thus early the stronger love of mechanical processes and of probing natural forces manifested itself. Edison has said that he never saw a statement in any book as to such things that he did not involuntarily challenge, and wish to demonstrate as either right or wrong. As a mere72 child the busy scenes of the canal and the grain warehouses were of consuming interest, but the work in the ship-building yards had an irresistible73 fascination74. His questions were so ceaseless and innumerable that the penetrating75 curiosity of an unusually strong mind was regarded as deficiency in powers of comprehension, and the father himself, a man of no mean ingenuity76 and ability, reports that the child, although capable of reducing him to exhaustion77 by endless inquiries78, was often spoken of as rather wanting in ordinary acumen79. This apparent dulness is, however, a quite common incident to youthful genius.
The constructive80 tendencies of this child of whom his father said once that he had never had any boyhood days in the ordinary sense, were early noted in his fondness for building little plank81 roads out of the debris82 of the yards and mills. His extraordinarily83 retentive84 memory was shown in his easy acquisition of all the songs of the lumber gangs and canal men before he was five years old. One incident tells how he was found one day in the village square copying laboriously85 the signs of the stores. A highly characteristic event at the age of six is described by his sister. He had noted a goose sitting on her eggs and the result. One day soon after, he was missing. By-and-by, after an anxious search, his father found him sitting in a nest he had made in the barn, filled with goose-eggs and hens' eggs he had collected, trying to hatch them out.
One of Mr. Edison's most vivid recollections goes back to 1850, when as a child three of four years old he saw camped in front of his home six covered wagons, "prairie schooners," and witnessed their departure for California. The great excitement over the gold discoveries was thus felt in Milan, and these wagons, laden86 with all the worldly possessions of their owners, were watched out of sight on their long journey by this fascinated urchin87, whose own discoveries in later years were to tempt39 many other argonauts into the auriferous realms of electricity.
Another vivid memory of this period concerns his first realization88 of the grim mystery of death. He went off one day with the son of the wealthiest man in the town to bathe in the creek89. Soon after they entered the water the other boy disappeared. Young Edison waited around the spot for half an hour or more, and then, as it was growing dark, went home puzzled and lonely, but silent as to the occurrence. About two hours afterward90, when the missing boy was being searched for, a man came to the Edison home to make anxious inquiry91 of the companion with whom he had last been seen. Edison told all the circumstances with a painful sense of being in some way implicated92. The creek was at once dragged, and then the body was recovered.
Edison had himself more than one narrow escape. Of course he fell in the canal and was nearly drowned; few boys in Milan worth their salt omitted that performance. On another occasion he encountered a more novel peril30 by falling into the pile of wheat in a grain elevator and being almost smothered93. Holding the end of a skate-strap for another lad to shorten with an axe94, he lost the top of a finger. Fire also had its perils. He built a fire in a barn, but the flames spread so rapidly that, although he escaped himself, the barn was wholly destroyed, and he was publicly whipped in the village square as a warning to other youths. Equally well remembered is a dangerous encounter with a ram95 that attacked him while he was busily engaged digging out a bumblebee's nest near an orchard96 fence. The animal knocked him against the fence, and was about to butt97 him again when he managed to drop over on the safe side and escape. He was badly hurt and bruised98, and no small quantity of arnica was needed for his wounds.
Meantime little Milan had reached the zenith of its prosperity, and all of a sudden had been deprived of its flourishing grain trade by the new Columbus, Sandusky & Hocking Railroad; in fact, the short canal was one of the last efforts of its kind in this country to compete with the new means of transportation. The bell of the locomotive was everywhere ringing the death-knell of effective water haulage, with such dire46 results that, in 1880, of the 4468 miles of American freight canal, that had cost $214,000,000, no fewer than 1893 miles had been abandoned, and of the remaining 2575 miles quite a large proportion was not paying expenses. The short Milan canal suffered with the rest, and to-day lies well-nigh obliterated99, hidden in part by vegetable gardens, a mere grass-grown depression at the foot of the winding100, shallow valley. Other railroads also prevented any further competition by the canal, for a branch of the Wheeling & Lake Erie now passes through the village, while the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern runs a few miles to the south.
The owners of the canal soon had occasion to regret that they had disdained101 the overtures102 of enterprising railroad promoters desirous of reaching the village, and the consequences of commercial isolation103 rapidly made themselves felt. It soon became evident to Samuel Edison and his wife that the cozy104 brick home on the bluff105 must be given up and the struggle with fortune resumed elsewhere. They were well-to-do, however, and removing, in 1854, to Port Huron, Michigan, occupied a large colonial house standing106 in the middle of an old Government fort reservation of ten acres overlooking the wide expanse of the St. Clair River just after it leaves Lake Huron. It was in many ways an ideal homestead, toward which the family has always felt the strongest attachment107, but the association with Milan has never wholly ceased. The old house in which Edison was born is still occupied (in 1910) by Mr. S. O. Edison, a half-brother of Edison's father, and a man of marked inventive ability. He was once prominent in the iron-furnace industry of Ohio, and was for a time associated in the iron trade with the father of the late President McKinley. Among his inventions may be mentioned a machine for making fuel from wheat straw, and a smoke-consuming device.
This birthplace of Edison remains108 the plain, substantial little brick house it was originally: one-storied, with rooms finished on the attic109 floor. Being built on the hillside, its basement opens into the rear yard. It was at first heated by means of open coal grates, which may not have been altogether adequate in severe winters, owing to the altitude and the north-eastern exposure, but a large furnace is one of the more modern changes. Milan itself is not materially unlike the smaller Ohio towns of its own time or those of later creation, but the venerable appearance of the big elm-trees that fringe the trim lawns tells of its age. It is, indeed, an extremely neat, snug110 little place, with well-kept homes, mostly of frame construction, and flagged streets crossing each other at right angles. There are no poor—at least, everybody is apparently111 well-to-do. While a leisurely112 atmosphere pervades113 the town, few idlers are seen. Some of the residents are engaged in local business; some are occupied in farming and grape culture; others are employed in the iron-works near-by, at Norwalk. The stores and places of public resort are gathered about the square, where there is plenty of room for hitching114 when the Saturday trading is done at that point, at which periods the fitful bustle115 recalls the old wheat days when young Edison ran with curiosity among the six and eight horse teams that had brought in grain. This square is still covered with fine primeval forest trees, and has at its centre a handsome soldiers' monument of the Civil War, to which four paved walks converge116. It is an altogether pleasant and unpretentious town, which cherishes with no small amount of pride its association with the name of Thomas Alva Edison.
In view of Edison's Dutch descent, it is rather singular to find him with the name of Alva, for the Spanish Duke of Alva was notoriously the worst tyrant117 ever known to the Low Countries, and his evil deeds occupy many stirring pages in Motley's famous history. As a matter of fact, Edison was named after Capt. Alva Bradley, an old friend of his father, and a celebrated118 ship-owner on the Lakes. Captain Bradley died a few years ago in wealth, while his old associate, with equal ability for making money, was never able long to keep it (differing again from the Revolutionary New York banker from whom his son's other name, "Thomas," was taken).
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1
picturesque
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| adj.美丽如画的，（语言）生动的，绘声绘色的 | |
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determined
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| adj.坚定的；有决心的 | |
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millers
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| n.（尤指面粉厂的）厂主( miller的名词复数 )；磨房主；碾磨工；铣工 | |
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jersey
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| n.运动衫 | |
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prospered
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| 成功，兴旺( prosper的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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continental
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| adj.大陆的，大陆性的，欧洲大陆的 | |
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emigrant
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| adj.移居的，移民的；n.移居外国的人，移民 | |
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westward
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| n.西方，西部；adj.西方的，向西的；adv.向西 | |
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wagons
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| n.四轮的运货马车( wagon的名词复数 )；铁路货车；小手推车 | |
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drawn
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| v.拖，拉，拔出；adj.憔悴的，紧张的 | |
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primitive
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| adj.原始的；简单的；n.原(始)人，原始事物 | |
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situated
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| adj.坐落在...的，处于某种境地的 | |
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nomadic
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| adj.流浪的；游牧的 | |
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perfectly
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| adv.完美地，无可非议地，彻底地 | |
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incessantly
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| ad.不停地 | |
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16
cane
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| n.手杖，细长的茎，藤条；v.以杖击，以藤编制的 | |
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jug
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| n.(有柄，小口，可盛水等的)大壶，罐，盂 | |
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vigor
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| n.活力，精力，元气 | |
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insurgent
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| adj.叛乱的，起事的；n.叛乱分子 | |
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reign
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| n.统治时期，统治，支配，盛行；v.占优势 | |
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taxation
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| n.征税，税收，税金 | |
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disapproval
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| n.反对，不赞成 | |
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doctrine
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| n.教义；主义；学说 | |
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pacified
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| 使（某人）安静( pacify的过去式和过去分词 )； 息怒； 抚慰； 在（有战争的地区、国家等）实现和平 | |
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marred
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| adj. 被损毁, 污损的 | |
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immediate
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| adj.立即的；直接的，最接近的；紧靠的 | |
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repression
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| n.镇压，抑制，抑压 | |
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insurgents
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| n.起义，暴动，造反( insurgent的名词复数 ) | |
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29
perils
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| 极大危险( peril的名词复数 )； 危险的事（或环境） | |
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peril
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| n.(严重的)危险；危险的事物 | |
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entirely
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| ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地 | |
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32
infested
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| adj.为患的，大批滋生的（常与with搭配）v.害虫、野兽大批出没于( infest的过去式和过去分词 )；遍布于 | |
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disposition
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| n.性情，性格；意向，倾向；排列，部署 | |
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repatriated
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| v.把（某人）遣送回国，遣返( repatriate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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desultory
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| adj.散漫的，无方法的 | |
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forfeited
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| （因违反协议、犯规、受罚等）丧失，失去( forfeit的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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outlet
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| n.出口/路；销路；批发商店；通风口；发泄 | |
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tempted
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| v.怂恿（某人）干不正当的事；冒…的险（tempt的过去分词） | |
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39
tempt
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| vt.引诱，勾引，吸引，引起…的兴趣 | |
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40
quaint
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| adj.古雅的，离奇有趣的，奇怪的 | |
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41
warehouses
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| 仓库，货栈( warehouse的名词复数 ) | |
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42
clattering
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| 发出咔哒声（clatter的现在分词形式） | |
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43
vessels
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| n.血管( vessel的名词复数 )；船；容器；（具有特殊品质或接受特殊品质的）人 | |
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44
navigated
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| v.给（船舶、飞机等）引航，导航( navigate的过去式和过去分词 )；（从海上、空中等）横越；横渡；飞跃 | |
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45
lumber
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| n.木材，木料；v.以破旧东西堆满；伐木；笨重移动 | |
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46
dire
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| adj.可怕的，悲惨的，阴惨的，极端的 | |
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47
rev
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| v.发动机旋转，加快速度 | |
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48
versatile
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| adj.通用的，万用的；多才多艺的，多方面的 | |
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49
judgment
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| n.审判；判断力，识别力，看法，意见 | |
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50
devoted
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| adj.忠诚的，忠实的，热心的，献身于...的 | |
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51
shingles
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| n.带状疱疹；（布满海边的）小圆石( shingle的名词复数 )；屋顶板；木瓦（板）；墙面板 | |
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52
asunder
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| adj.分离的，化为碎片 | |
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53
outlasted
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| v.比…长久，比…活得长( outlast的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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54
machinery
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| n.(总称)机械，机器；机构 | |
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55
outlets
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| n.出口( outlet的名词复数 )；经销店；插座；廉价经销店 | |
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56
speculative
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| adj.思索性的，暝想性的，推理的 | |
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57
lasting
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| adj.永久的，永恒的；vbl.持续，维持 | |
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58
scotch
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| n.伤口，刻痕；苏格兰威士忌酒；v.粉碎，消灭，阻止；adj.苏格兰(人)的 | |
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59
buffalo
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| n.(北美)野牛；(亚洲)水牛 | |
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60
ministry
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| n.(政府的)部；牧师 | |
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61
sketching
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| n.草图 | |
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62
noted
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| adj.著名的，知名的 | |
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63
sketches
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| n.草图( sketch的名词复数 )；素描；速写；梗概 | |
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arduous
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| adj.艰苦的，费力的，陡峭的 | |
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sleepless
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| adj.不睡眠的，睡不著的，不休息的 | |
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delicacy
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| n.精致，细微，微妙，精良；美味，佳肴 | |
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inspector
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| n.检查员，监察员，视察员 | |
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68
addled
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| adj.（头脑）糊涂的，愚蠢的；（指蛋类）变坏v.使糊涂( addle的过去式和过去分词 )；使混乱；使腐臭；使变质 | |
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undertaking
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| n.保证，许诺，事业 | |
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worthy
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| adj.(of)值得的，配得上的；有价值的 | |
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submission
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| n.服从，投降；温顺，谦虚；提出 | |
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mere
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| adj.纯粹的；仅仅，只不过 | |
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irresistible
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| adj.非常诱人的，无法拒绝的，无法抗拒的 | |
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fascination
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| n.令人着迷的事物，魅力，迷恋 | |
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penetrating
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| adj.（声音）响亮的，尖锐的adj.（气味）刺激的adj.（思想）敏锐的，有洞察力的 | |
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ingenuity
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| n.别出心裁；善于发明创造 | |
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exhaustion
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| n.耗尽枯竭，疲惫，筋疲力尽，竭尽，详尽无遗的论述 | |
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inquiries
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| n.调查( inquiry的名词复数 )；疑问；探究；打听 | |
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acumen
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| n.敏锐，聪明 | |
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80
constructive
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| adj.建设的，建设性的 | |
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81
plank
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| n.板条，木板，政策要点，政纲条目 | |
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debris
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| n.瓦砾堆，废墟，碎片 | |
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extraordinarily
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| adv.格外地；极端地 | |
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retentive
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| v.保留的，有记忆的；adv.有记性地，记性强地；n.保持力 | |
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laboriously
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| adv.艰苦地；费力地；辛勤地；（文体等）佶屈聱牙地 | |
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laden
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| adj.装满了的；充满了的；负了重担的；苦恼的 | |
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urchin
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| n.顽童；海胆 | |
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realization
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| n.实现；认识到，深刻了解 | |
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creek
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| n.小溪，小河，小湾 | |
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afterward
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| adv.后来；以后 | |
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inquiry
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| n.打听，询问，调查，查问 | |
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implicated
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| adj.密切关联的；牵涉其中的 | |
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smothered
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| （使）窒息， （使）透不过气( smother的过去式和过去分词 )； 覆盖； 忍住； 抑制 | |
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axe
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| n.斧子；v.用斧头砍，削减 | |
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ram
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| (random access memory)随机存取存储器 | |
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orchard
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| n.果园，果园里的全部果树，(美俚)棒球场 | |
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butt
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| n.笑柄；烟蒂；枪托；臀部；v.用头撞或顶 | |
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bruised
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| [医]青肿的，瘀紫的 | |
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obliterated
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| v.除去( obliterate的过去式和过去分词 )；涂去；擦掉；彻底破坏或毁灭 | |
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winding
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| n.绕，缠，绕组，线圈 | |
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disdained
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| 鄙视( disdain的过去式和过去分词 )； 不屑于做，不愿意做 | |
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overtures
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| n.主动的表示，提议；（向某人做出的）友好表示、姿态或提议( overture的名词复数 )；（歌剧、芭蕾舞、音乐剧等的）序曲，前奏曲 | |
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isolation
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| n.隔离，孤立，分解，分离 | |
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cozy
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| adj.亲如手足的，密切的，暖和舒服的 | |
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105
bluff
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| v.虚张声势，用假象骗人；n.虚张声势，欺骗 | |
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standing
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| n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的 | |
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107
attachment
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| n.附属物，附件；依恋；依附 | |
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108
remains
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| n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹 | |
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109
attic
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| n.顶楼，屋顶室 | |
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110
snug
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| adj.温暖舒适的，合身的，安全的；v.使整洁干净，舒适地依靠，紧贴；n.（英）酒吧里的私房 | |
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111
apparently
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| adv.显然地；表面上，似乎 | |
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leisurely
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| adj.悠闲的；从容的，慢慢的 | |
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113
pervades
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| v.遍及，弥漫( pervade的第三人称单数 ) | |
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114
hitching
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| 搭乘； （免费）搭乘他人之车( hitch的现在分词 )； 搭便车； 攀上； 跃上 | |
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115
bustle
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| v.喧扰地忙乱，匆忙，奔忙；n.忙碌；喧闹 | |
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116
converge
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| vi.会合；聚集，集中；(思想、观点等)趋近 | |
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117
tyrant
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| n.暴君，专制的君主，残暴的人 | |
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118
celebrated
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| adj.有名的，声誉卓著的 | |
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