Chapter 10 The Sort Of Man My Father Was

Papa was a gentleman of the last century, with all the chivalrous¹ character, self-reliance, and gallantry of the youth of that time. Upon the men of the present day he looked with a contempt arising partly from inborn² pride and partly from a secret feeling of vexation that, in this age of ours, he could no longer enjoy the influence and success which had been his in his youth. His two principal failings were gambling³ and gallantry, and he had won or lost, in the course of his career, several millions of roubles.

Tall and of imposing⁴ figure, he walked with a curiously⁵ quick, mincing⁶ gait, as well as had a habit of hitching⁷ one of his shoulders. His eyes were small and perpetually twinkling, his nose large and aquiline⁸, his lips irregular and rather oddly (though pleasantly) compressed, his articulation⁹ slightly defective¹⁰ and lisping, and his head quite bald. Such was my father's exterior¹¹ from the days of my earliest recollection. It was an exterior which not only brought him success and made him a man a bonnes fortunes but one which pleased people of all ranks and stations. Especially did it please those whom he desired to please.

At all junctures¹² he knew how to take the lead, for, though not deriving¹³ from the highest circles of society, he had always mixed with them, and knew how to win their respect. He possessed¹⁴ in the highest degree that measure of pride and self-confidence which, without giving offence, maintains a man in the opinion of the world. He had much originality¹⁵, as well as the ability to use it in such a way that it benefited him as much as actual worldly position or fortune could have done. Nothing in the universe could surprise him, and though not of eminent¹⁶ attainments¹⁷ in life, he seemed born to have acquired them. He understood so perfectly¹⁸ how to make both himself and others forget and keep at a distance the seamy side of life, with all its petty troubles and vicissitudes¹⁹, that it was impossible not to envy him. He was a connoisseur²⁰ in everything which could give ease and pleasure, as well as knew how to make use of such knowledge. Likewise he prided himself on the brilliant connections which he had formed through my mother's family or through friends of his youth, and was secretly jealous of any one of a higher rank than himself--any one, that is to say, of a rank higher than a retired²¹ lieutenant²² of the Guards. Moreover, like all ex-officers, he refused to dress himself in the prevailing²³ fashion, though he attired²⁴ himself both originally and artistically--his invariable wear being light, loose-fitting suits, very fine shirts, and large collars and cuffs²⁵. Everything seemed to suit his upright figure and quiet, assured air. He was sensitive to the pitch of sentimentality, and, when reading a pathetic passage, his voice would begin to tremble and the tears to come into his eyes, until he had to lay the book aside. Likewise he was fond of music, and could accompany himself on the piano as he sang the love songs of his friend A- or gipsy songs or themes from operas; but he had no love for serious music, and would frankly²⁶ flout²⁷ received opinion by declaring that, whereas Beethoven's sonatas²⁸ wearied him and sent him to sleep, his ideal of beauty was "Do not wake me, youth" as Semenoff sang it, or "Not one" as the gipsy Taninsha rendered that ditty. His nature was essentially²⁹ one of those which follow public opinion concerning what is good, and consider only that good which the public declares to be so. [It may be noted³⁰ that the author has said earlier in the chapter that his father possessed "much originality."] God only knows whether he had any moral convictions. His life was so full of amusement that probably he never had time to form any, and was too successful ever to feel the lack of them.

As he grew to old age he looked at things always from a fixed³¹ point of view, and cultivated fixed rules--but only so long as that point or those rules coincided with expediency³², The mode of life which offered some passing degree of interest--that, in his opinion, was the right one and the only one that men ought to affect. He had great fluency³³ of argument; and this, I think, increased the adaptability³⁴ of his morals and enabled him to speak of one and the same act, now as good, and now, with abuse, as abominable³⁵.

 

他是上一世纪的人，具有那个世纪年青人所共有的那种难以捉摸的侠义精神、富于进取心、过于自信、待人宽厚和耽于酒色的性格。他看不起我们这个世纪的人，这一方面是由于他天生的骄傲所造成，一方面是因为他恼怒在我们这个时代得不到象在他那个时代的权势和成就。他生平的两大嗜好是打牌和女人；他一生中赢过几百万卢布，同数不清的、各个阶层的女人发生过关系。

他身材魁伟，体格端正；走路时迈着奇特的小步子，爱耸一边的肩膀，小眼睛里永远含着笑意，大鹰钩鼻子，线条不端正的嘴唇仿佛不好意思地、却很惬意地抿着，发音有缺陷，有点咬舌，头顶秃得很厉害，我所能追忆得起的我父亲的外表，就是这些。凭着这副仪表，他不仅能够出名，而且还是个 a bonnes fortunes的 ① ，不论哪个阶层、哪种地位的人，都毫无例外地喜欢他，特别是那些他想取悦的人。

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①a bonnes for-tuneS：法语“走运的。”

不论他同什么人交往，他都知道怎样占上风。他从来不是最上层社会里的人，但是他却经常同这个阶层的人物交往，而且博得他们的尊敬。他极其骄傲和自信，他既不得罪别人，又在舆论中提高自己的声誉。他富于独创性．但并非总是这样，他用自己的创见作为换取社会名誉地位或者金银财富的手段。在他看来，世界上什么都不足为奇：不论他的地位多么显赫，他都觉得那是命中注定。他非常善于避而不提和摆脱人所共知的、充满小小的烦恼和悲伤的生活的阴暗面，使人不能不羡慕他。对于能够获得舒适和享受的一切事情，他是行家，而且很会享用它们。他最得意的是同达官要人来往，这部分是通过我母亲的亲戚，部分是通过他童年时代的伴侣，他心里对这些人很愤慨，因为他们的官衔远远超过他，而他始终是一个退伍的近卫军中尉。他，象所有的退伍军人一样，不知道怎样穿着入时；不过，他的打扮却很独特而优美。他总穿着十分宽大轻便的衣服，翻领卷袖的漂亮衬衫……不论他穿什么，都很适合他那魁梧的身材、强壮的体格、秃头和沉着而自信的动作。他多情善感，甚至好掉眼泪。时常，在朗诵的时候，当他读到动人的地方，他的声音就颤抖起来，眼泪汪汪，于是就难受地把书放下。他爱好音乐，自己弹钢琴伴奏，唱他的朋友A某所作的浪漫曲、茨冈曲、或者歌剧中的一些曲子；但是他不喜欢古典音乐，不顾公论，公然说贝多芬的奏鸣曲使他昏昏欲睡，兴味索然，他认为再也没有比谢苗诺娃所唱的《不要唤醒我的青春》 ① ，或者茨阿女郎塔纽莎唱的《并不孤独》更美妙的东西。他生就那么一种性格，认为好东西必须群众公认。群众公认为是好的，他才认为好。天知道他是否有什么道德信念？他一生中享尽了福，以致没有时间形成自己的信念，又加上，他在生活中那么走运，使他认为信念是不必要的。

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①谢苗诺娃（1787-1876）：俄罗斯歌剧女歌唱家。

上了年纪，他对事物形成了固定的看法和一定之规，但是一切都建立在实用的基础上。凡是给予他幸福或乐趣的行动和生活方式，他就认为是好的，而且认为，人人都应该经常依此行事。他说话娓娓动听，而这种本领，在我看来，给他的规则增添了灵活性；他能够把同一个行为说成是最可爱的戏游行为或者说成是卑鄙无耻的行径。

1 chivalrous   

adj.武士精神的；对女人彬彬有礼的

参考例句：

• Men are so little chivalrous now.现在的男人几乎没有什么骑士风度了。
• Toward women he was nobly restrained and chivalrous.对于妇女，他表现得高尚拘谨，尊敬三分。

2 inborn   

adj.天生的，生来的，先天的

参考例句：

• He is a man with an inborn love of joke.他是一个生来就喜欢开玩笑的人。
• He had an inborn talent for languages.他有语言天分。

3 gambling   

n.赌博；投机

参考例句：

• They have won a lot of money through gambling.他们赌博赢了很多钱。
• The men have been gambling away all night.那些人赌了整整一夜。

4 imposing   

adj.使人难忘的，壮丽的，堂皇的，雄伟的

参考例句：

• The fortress is an imposing building.这座城堡是一座宏伟的建筑。
• He has lost his imposing appearance.他已失去堂堂仪表。

5 curiously   

adv.有求知欲地；好问地；奇特地

参考例句：

• He looked curiously at the people.他好奇地看着那些人。
• He took long stealthy strides. His hands were curiously cold.他迈着悄没声息的大步。他的双手出奇地冷。

6 mincing   

adj.矫饰的；v.切碎；切碎

参考例句：

• She came to the park with mincing,and light footsteps.她轻移莲步来到了花园之中。
• There is no use in mincing matters.掩饰事实是没有用的。

7 hitching   

搭乘； （免费）搭乘他人之车( hitch的现在分词 )； 搭便车； 攀上； 跃上

参考例句：

• The farmer yoked the oxen before hitching them to the wagon. 农夫在将牛套上大车之前先给它们套上轭。
• I saw an old man hitching along on his stick. 我看见一位老人拄着手杖蹒跚而行。

8 aquiline   

adj.钩状的，鹰的

参考例句：

• He had a thin aquiline nose and deep-set brown eyes.他长着窄长的鹰钩鼻和深陷的褐色眼睛。
• The man has a strong and aquiline nose.该名男子有强大和鹰鼻子。

9 articulation   

n.（清楚的）发音；清晰度，咬合

参考例句：

• His articulation is poor.他发音不清楚。
• She spoke with a lazy articulation.她说话慢吞吞的。

10 defective   

adj.有毛病的，有问题的，有瑕疵的

参考例句：

• The firm had received bad publicity over a defective product. 该公司因为一件次品而受到媒体攻击。
• If the goods prove defective, the customer has the right to compensation. 如果货品证明有缺陷， 顾客有权索赔。

11 exterior   

adj.外部的，外在的；表面的

参考例句：

• The seed has a hard exterior covering.这种子外壳很硬。
• We are painting the exterior wall of the house.我们正在给房子的外墙涂漆。

12 junctures   

n.时刻，关键时刻( juncture的名词复数 )；接合点

参考例句：

• At such junctures he always had an impulse to leave. 在这样的紧要关头，他总有要离开的冲动。 来自互联网
• At such junctures he always had an impulse to leave; it was needed on special occasions. 在那时他总有要离开的冲动，在紧急时刻她站了出来。 来自互联网

13 deriving   

v.得到( derive的现在分词 )；（从…中）得到获得；源于；（从…中）提取

参考例句：

• I anticipate deriving much instruction from the lecture. 我期望从这演讲中获得很多教益。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• He anticipated his deriving much instruction from the lecture. 他期望从这次演讲中得到很多教益。 来自辞典例句

14 possessed   

adj.疯狂的；拥有的，占有的

参考例句：

• He flew out of the room like a man possessed.他像着了魔似地猛然冲出房门。
• He behaved like someone possessed.他行为举止像是魔怔了。

15 originality   

n.创造力，独创性；新颖

参考例句：

• The name of the game in pop music is originality.流行音乐的本质是独创性。
• He displayed an originality amounting almost to genius.他显示出近乎天才的创造性。

16 eminent   

adj.显赫的，杰出的，有名的，优良的

参考例句：

• We are expecting the arrival of an eminent scientist.我们正期待一位著名科学家的来访。
• He is an eminent citizen of China.他是一个杰出的中国公民。

17 attainments   

成就，造诣； 获得( attainment的名词复数 )； 达到； 造诣； 成就

参考例句：

• a young woman of impressive educational attainments 一位学业成就斐然的年轻女子
• He is a scholar of the highest attainments in this field. 他在这一领域是一位颇有造就的学者。

18 perfectly   

adv.完美地，无可非议地，彻底地

参考例句：

• The witnesses were each perfectly certain of what they said.证人们个个对自己所说的话十分肯定。
• Everything that we're doing is all perfectly above board.我们做的每件事情都是光明正大的。

19 vicissitudes   

n.变迁，世事变化；变迁兴衰( vicissitude的名词复数 )；盛衰兴废

参考例句：

• He experienced several great social vicissitudes in his life. 他一生中经历了几次大的社会变迁。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• A man used to vicissitudes is not easily dejected. 饱经沧桑，不易沮丧。 来自《简明英汉词典》

20 connoisseur   

n.鉴赏家，行家，内行

参考例句：

• Only the real connoisseur could tell the difference between these two wines.只有真正的内行才能指出这两种酒的区别。
• We are looking for a connoisseur of French champagne.我们想找一位法国香槟酒品酒专家。

21 retired   

adj.隐退的，退休的，退役的

参考例句：

• The old man retired to the country for rest.这位老人下乡休息去了。
• Many retired people take up gardening as a hobby.许多退休的人都以从事园艺为嗜好。

22 lieutenant   

n.陆军中尉，海军上尉；代理官员，副职官员

参考例句：

• He was promoted to be a lieutenant in the army.他被提升为陆军中尉。
• He prevailed on the lieutenant to send in a short note.他说动那个副官，递上了一张简短的便条进去。

23 prevailing   

adj.盛行的；占优势的；主要的

参考例句：

• She wears a fashionable hair style prevailing in the city.她的发型是这个城市流行的款式。
• This reflects attitudes and values prevailing in society.这反映了社会上盛行的态度和价值观。

24 attired   

adj.穿着整齐的v.使穿上衣服，使穿上盛装( attire的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• The bride was attired in white. 新娘穿一身洁白的礼服。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• It is appropriate that everyone be suitably attired. 人人穿戴得体是恰当的。 来自《简明英汉词典》

25 cuffs   

n.袖口( cuff的名词复数 )v.掌打，拳打( cuff的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• a collar and cuffs of white lace 带白色蕾丝花边的衣领和袖口
• The cuffs of his shirt were fraying. 他衬衣的袖口磨破了。

26 frankly   

adv.坦白地，直率地；坦率地说

参考例句：

• To speak frankly, I don't like the idea at all.老实说，我一点也不赞成这个主意。
• Frankly speaking, I'm not opposed to reform.坦率地说，我不反对改革。

27 flout   

v./n.嘲弄，愚弄，轻视

参考例句：

• Parents who flout Family Court orders may be named in the media in Australia.在澳洲父母亲若是藐视家庭法庭的裁定可能在媒体上被公布姓名。
• The foolish boy flouted his mother's advice.这个愚蠢的孩子轻视他母亲的劝告。

28 sonatas   

n.奏鸣曲( sonata的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The programme includes two Mozart sonatas. 节目单中有两首莫扎特的奏鸣曲。 来自辞典例句
• He would play complete sonatas for violin and piano with no piano in sight. 他会在没有钢琴伴奏的情况下，演奏完整的小提琴与钢琴合奏的奏鸣曲。 来自辞典例句

29 essentially   

adv.本质上，实质上，基本上

参考例句：

• Really great men are essentially modest.真正的伟人大都很谦虚。
• She is an essentially selfish person.她本质上是个自私自利的人。

30 noted   

adj.著名的，知名的

参考例句：

• The local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
• Jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。

31 fixed   

adj.固定的，不变的，准备好的；(计算机)固定的

参考例句：

• Have you two fixed on a date for the wedding yet?你们俩选定婚期了吗？
• Once the aim is fixed,we should not change it arbitrarily.目标一旦确定，我们就不应该随意改变。

32 expediency   

n.适宜；方便；合算；利己

参考例句：

• The government is torn between principle and expediency. 政府在原则与权宜之间难于抉择。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• It was difficult to strike the right balance between justice and expediency. 在公正与私利之间很难两全。 来自辞典例句

33 fluency   

n.流畅，雄辩，善辩

参考例句：

• More practice will make you speak with greater fluency.多练习就可以使你的口语更流利。
• Some young children achieve great fluency in their reading.一些孩子小小年纪阅读已经非常流畅。

34 adaptability   

n.适应性

参考例句：

• It has a wide range of adaptability.它的应用性广。

35 abominable   

adj.可厌的，令人憎恶的

参考例句：

• Their cruel treatment of prisoners was abominable.他们虐待犯人的做法令人厌恶。
• The sanitary conditions in this restaurant are abominable.这家饭馆的卫生状况糟透了。