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Part 1 Chapter 12
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TWELVE YEARS BEFORE.

"Yes, this was Katusha."

The relations between Nekhludoff and Katusha had been the following:

Nekhludoff first saw Katusha when he was a student in his third year at the University, and was preparing an essay on land tenure1 during the summer vacation, which he passed with his aunts. Until then he had always lived, in summer, with his mother and sister on his mother's large estate near Moscow. But that year his sister had married, and his mother had gone abroad to a watering-place, and he, having his essay to write, resolved to spend the summer with his aunts. It was very quiet in their secluded2 estate and there was nothing to distract his mind; his aunts loved their nephew and heir very tenderly, and he, too, was fond of them and of their simple, old-fashioned life.

During that summer on his aunts' estate, Nekhludoff passed through that blissful state of existence when a young man for the first time, without guidance from any one outside, realises all the beauty and significance of life, and the importance of the task allotted3 in it to man; when he grasps the possibility of unlimited4 advance towards perfection for one's self and for all the world, and gives himself to this task, not only hopefully, but with full conviction of attaining6 to the perfection he imagines. In that year, while still at the University, he had read Spencer's Social Statics, and Spencer's views on landholding especially impressed him, as he himself was heir to large estates. His father had not been rich, but his mother had received 10,000 acres of land for her dowry. At that time he fully5 realised all the cruelty and injustice7 of private property in land, and being one of those to whom a sacrifice to the demands of conscience gives the highest spiritual enjoyment8, he decided9 not to retain property rights, but to give up to the peasant labourers the land he had inherited from his father. It was on this land question he wrote his essay.

He arranged his life on his aunts' estate in the following manner. He got up very early, sometimes at three o'clock, and before sunrise went through the morning mists to bathe in the river, under the hill. He returned while the dew still lay on the grass and the flowers. Sometimes, having finished his coffee, he sat down with his books of reference and his papers to write his essay, but very often, instead of reading or writing, he left home again, and wandered through the fields and the woods. Before dinner he lay down and slept somewhere in the garden. At dinner he amused and entertained his aunts with his bright spirits, then he rode on horseback or went for a row on the river, and in the evening he again worked at his essay, or sat reading or playing patience with his aunts.

His joy in life was so great that it agitated10 him, and kept him awake many a night, especially when it was moonlight, so that instead of sleeping he wandered about in the garden till dawn, alone with his dreams and fancies.

And so, peacefully and happily, he lived through the first month of his stay with his aunts, taking no particular notice of their half-ward, half-servant, the black-eyed, quick-footed Katusha. Then, at the age of nineteen, Nekhludoff, brought up under his mother's wing, was still quite pure. If a woman figured in his dreams at all it was only as a wife. All the other women, who, according to his ideas he could not marry, were not women for him, but human beings.

But on Ascension Day that summer, a neighbour of his aunts', and her family, consisting of two young daughters, a schoolboy, and a young artist of peasant origin who was staying with them, came to spend the day. After tea they all went to play in the meadow in front of the house, where the grass had already been mown. They played at the game of gorelki, and Katusha joined them. Running about and changing partners several times, Nekhludoff caught Katusha, and she became his partner. Up to this time he had liked Katusha's looks, but the possibility of any nearer relations with her had never entered his mind.

"Impossible to catch those two," said the merry young artist, whose turn it was to catch, and who could run very fast with his short, muscular legs.

"You! And not catch us?" said Katusha.

"One, two, three," and the artist clapped his hands. Katusha, hardly restraining her laughter, changed places with Nekhludoff, behind the artist's back, and pressing his large hand with her little rough one, and rustling11 with her starched12 petticoat, ran to the left. Nekhludoff ran fast to the right, trying to escape from the artist, but when he looked round he saw the artist running after Katusha, who kept well ahead, her firm young legs moving rapidly. There was a lilac bush in front of them, and Katusha made a sign with her head to Nekhludoff to join her behind it, for if they once clasped hands again they were safe from their pursuer, that being a rule of the game. He understood the sign, and ran behind the bush, but he did not know that there was a small ditch overgrown with nettles13 there. He stumbled and fell into the nettles, already wet with dew, stinging his bands, but rose immediately, laughing at his mishap14.

Katusha, with her eyes black as sloes, her face radiant with joy, was flying towards him, and they caught hold of each other's hands.

"Got stung, I daresay?" she said, arranging her hair with her free hand, breathing fast and looking straight up at him with a glad, pleasant smile.

"I did not know there was a ditch here," he answered, smiling also, and keeping her hand in his. She drew nearer to him, and he himself, not knowing how it happened, stooped towards her. She did not move away, and he pressed her hand tight and kissed her on the lips.

"There! You've done it!" she said; and, freeing her hand with a swift movement, ran away from him. Then, breaking two branches of white lilac from which the blossoms were already falling, she began fanning her hot face with them; then, with her head turned back to him, she walked away, swaying her arms briskly in front of her, and joined the other players.

After this there grew up between Nekhludoff and Katusha those peculiar15 relations which often exist between a pure young man and girl who are attracted to each other.

When Katusha came into the room, or even when he saw her white apron16 from afar, everything brightened up in Nekhludoff's eyes, as when the sun appears everything becomes more interesting, more joyful17, more important. The whole of life seemed full of gladness. And she felt the same. But it was not only Katusha's presence that had this effect on Nekhludoff. The mere18 thought that Katusha existed (and for her that Nekhludoff existed) had this effect.

When he received an unpleasant letter from his mother, or could not get on with his essay, or felt the unreasoning sadness that young people are often subject to, he had only to remember Katusha and that he should see her, and it all vanished. Katusha had much work to do in the house, but she managed to get a little leisure for reading, and Nekhludoff gave her Dostoievsky and Tourgeneff (whom he had just read himself) to read. She liked Tourgeneff's Lull19 best. They had talks at moments snatched when meeting in the passage, on the veranda20, or the yard, and sometimes in the room of his aunts' old servant, Matrona Pavlovna, with whom he sometimes used to drink tea, and where Katusha used to work.

These talks in Matrona Pavlovna's presence were the pleasantest. When they were alone it was worse. Their eyes at once began to say something very different and far more important than what their mouths uttered. Their lips puckered21, and they felt a kind of dread22 of something that made them part quickly. These relations continued between Nekhludoff and Katusha during the whole time of his first visit to his aunts'. They noticed it, and became frightened, and even wrote to Princess Elena Ivanovna, Nekhludoff's mother. His aunt, Mary Ivanovna, was afraid Dmitri would form an intimacy23 with Katusha; but her fears were groundless, for Nekhludoff, himself hardly conscious of it, loved Katusha, loved her as the pure love, and therein lay his safety--his and hers. He not only did not feel any desire to possess her, but the very thought of it filled him with horror. The fears of the more poetical24 Sophia Ivanovna, that Dmitri, with his thoroughgoing, resolute25 character, having fallen in love with a girl, might make up his mind to marry her, without considering either her birth or her station, had more ground.

Had Nekhludoff at that time been conscious of his love for Katusha, and especially if he had been told that he could on no account join his life with that of a girl in her position, it might have easily happened that, with his usual straight- forwardness, he would have come to the conclusion that there could be no possible reason for him not to marry any girl whatever, as long as he loved her. But his aunts did not mention their fears to him; and, when he left, he was still unconscious of his love for Katusha. He was sure that what he felt for Katusha was only one of the manifestations26 of the joy of life that filled his whole being, and that this sweet, merry little girl shared this joy with him. Yet, when he was going away, and Katusha stood with his aunts in the porch, and looked after him, her dark, slightly-squinting eyes filled with tears, he felt, after all, that he was leaving something beautiful, precious, something which would never reoccur. And he grew very sad.

"Good-bye, Katusha," he said, looking across Sophia Ivanovna's cap as he was getting into the trap. "Thank you for everything."

"Good-bye, Dmitri Ivanovitch," she said, with her pleasant, tender voice, keeping back the tears that filled her eyes--and ran away into the hall, where she could cry in peace.

对,她就是卡秋莎。

聂赫留朵夫同卡秋莎的关系是这样的。

聂赫留朵夫第一次见到卡秋莎,是在他念大学三年级那年的夏天。当时他住在姑妈家,准备写一篇关于土地所有制的论文。往年,他总是同母亲和姐姐一起在莫斯科郊区他母亲的大庄园里歇夏。但那年夏天他姐姐出嫁了,母亲出国到温泉疗养去了。聂赫留朵夫要写论文,就决定到姑妈家去写。姑妈家里十分清静,没有什么玩乐使他分心,两位姑妈又十分疼爱他这个侄儿兼遗产继承人。他也很爱她们,喜欢她们淳朴的旧式生活。

那年夏天,聂赫留朵夫在姑妈家里感到身上充满活力,心情舒畅。一个青年人,第一次不按照人家的指点,亲身体会到生活的美丽和庄严,领悟到人类活动的全部意义,看到人的心灵和整个世界都可以达到尽善尽美的地步。他对此不仅抱着希望,而且充满信心。那年聂赫留朵夫在大学里读了斯宾塞的《社会静力学》。斯宾塞关于土地私有制的论述给他留下深刻的印象,这特别是由于他本身是个大地主的儿子。他的父亲并不富有,但母亲有一万俄亩光景的陪嫁。那时他第一次懂得土地私有制的残酷和荒谬,而他又十分看重道德,认为因道德而自我牺牲是最高的精神享受,因此决定放弃土地所有权,把他从父亲名下继承来的土地赠送给农民。现在他正在写一篇论文,论述这个问题。

那年他在乡下姑妈家的生活是这样过的:每天一早起身,有时才三点钟,太阳还没有出来,就到山脚下河里去洗澡,有时在晨雾弥漫中洗完澡回家,花草上还滚动着露珠。早晨他有时喝完咖啡,就坐下来写论文或者查阅资料,但多半是既不读书也不写作,又走到户外,到田野和树林里散步。午饭以前,他在花园里打个瞌睡,然后高高兴兴地吃午饭,一边吃一边说些有趣的事,逗得姑妈们呵呵大笑。饭后他去骑马或者划船,晚上又是读书,或者陪姑妈们坐着摆牌阵。夜里,特别是在月光溶溶的夜里,他往往睡不着觉,原因只是他觉得生活实在太快乐迷人了。有时他睡不着觉,就一面胡思乱想,一面在花园里散步,直到天亮。

他就这样快乐而平静地在姑妈家里住了一个月,根本没有留意那个既是养女又是侍女、脚步轻快、眼睛乌黑的卡秋莎。

聂赫留朵夫从小由他母亲抚养成长。当年他才十九岁,是个十分纯洁的青年。在他的心目中,只有妻子才是女人。凡是不能成为他妻子的女人都不是女人,而只是人。但事有凑巧,那年夏天的升天节①,姑妈家有个女邻居带着孩子们来作客,其中包括两个小姐、一个中学生和一个寄住在她家的农民出身的青年画家。

--------

①基督教节日,在复活节后四十天,五月一日至六月四日之间。

吃过茶点以后,大家在屋前修剪平坦的草地上玩“捉人”游戏。他们叫卡秋莎也参加。玩了一阵,轮到聂赫留朵夫同卡秋莎一起跑。聂赫留朵夫看到卡秋莎,总是很高兴,但他从没想到他同她会有什么特殊关系。

“哦,这下子说什么也捉不到他们两个了,”轮到“捉人”的快乐画家说,他那两条农民的短壮罗圈腿跑得飞快,“除非他们自己摔交。”

“您才捉不到哪!”

“一,二,三!”

他们拍了三次手。卡秋莎忍不住格格地笑着,敏捷地同聂赫留朵夫交换着位子。她用粗糙有力的小手握了握他的大手,向左边跑去,她那浆过的裙子发出窸窸窣窣的响声。

聂赫留朵夫跑得很快。他不愿让画家捉到,就一个劲儿地飞跑。他回头一看,瞧见画家在追卡秋莎,但卡秋莎那两条年轻的富有弹性的腿灵活地飞跑着,不让他追上,向左边跑去。前面是一个丁香花坛,没有一个人跑到那里去,但卡秋莎回过头来看了聂赫留朵夫一眼,点头示意,要他也到花坛后面去。聂赫留朵夫领会她的意思,就往丁香花坛后面跑去。谁知花丛前面有一道小沟,沟里长满荨麻,聂赫留朵夫不知道,一脚踏空,掉到沟里去。他的双手被荨麻刺破,还沾满了晚露。但他立刻对自己的鲁莽感到好笑,爬了起来,跑到一块干净的地方。

卡秋莎那双水灵灵的乌梅子般的眼睛也闪耀着笑意,她飞也似地迎着他跑来。他们跑到一块儿,握住手。①

--------

①在这种游戏中,被追的两人在一个地方会合,相互握手,表示胜利。

“我看,您准是刺破手了,”卡秋莎说。她用那只空着的手理理松开的辫子,一面不住地喘气,一面笑眯眯地从脚到头打量着他。

“我不知道这里有一道沟,”聂赫留朵夫也笑着说,没有放掉她的手。

她向他靠近些,他自己也不知道怎么搞的,竟向她凑过脸去。她没有躲避,他更紧地握住她的手,吻了吻她的嘴唇。

“你这是干什么!”卡秋莎说。她慌忙抽出被他握着的手,从他身边跑开去。

卡秋莎跑到丁香花旁,摘下两支已经凋谢的白丁香,拿它们打打她那热辣辣的脸,回过头来向他望望,就使劲摆动两臂,向做游戏的人们那里走去。

从那时起,聂赫留朵夫同卡秋莎之间的关系就变了,那是一个纯洁无邪的青年同一个纯洁无邪的少女相互吸引的特殊关系。

只要卡秋莎一走进房间,或者聂赫留朵夫老远看见她的白围裙,世间万物在他的眼睛里就仿佛变得光辉灿烂,一切事情就变得更有趣,更逗人喜爱,更有意思,生活也更加充满欢乐。她也有同样的感觉。不过,不仅卡秋莎在场或者同他接近时有这样的作用,聂赫留朵夫只要一想到世界上有一个卡秋莎,就会产生这样的感觉。而对卡秋莎来说,只要想到聂赫留朵夫,也会产生同样的感觉。聂赫留朵夫收到母亲令人不快的信也罢,论文写得不顺利也罢,或者心头起了青年人莫名的惆怅也罢,只要一想到世界上有一个卡秋莎,他可以看见她,一切烦恼就都烟消云散了。

卡秋莎在家里事情很多,但她总能一件件做好,还偷空看些书。聂赫留朵夫把自己刚看过的陀思妥耶夫斯基和屠格涅夫的小说借给她看。她最喜爱屠格涅夫的中篇小说《僻静的角落》。他们只能找机会交谈几句,有时在走廊里,有时在阳台或者院子里,有时在姑妈家老女仆玛特廖娜的房间里——卡秋莎跟她同住,——有时聂赫留朵夫就在她们的小房间里喝茶,嘴里含着糖块。他们当着玛特廖娜的面谈话,感到最轻松愉快。可是到了剩下他们两人的时候,谈话就比较别扭。在这种时候,他们眼睛所表达的话和嘴里所说的话截然不同,而眼睛所表达的要重要得多。他们总是撅起嘴,提心吊胆,待不了多久就匆匆分开。

聂赫留朵夫第一次住在姑妈家,他同卡秋莎一直维持着这样的关系。两位姑妈发现他们这种关系,有点担心,甚至写信到国外去告诉聂赫留朵夫的母亲叶莲娜·伊凡诺夫娜公爵夫人。玛丽雅姑妈唯恐德米特里同卡秋莎发生暧昧关系。但她这种担心是多余的,因为聂赫留朵夫也象一切纯洁的人谈恋爱那样,不自觉地爱着卡秋莎,他对她的这种不自觉的爱情就保证了他们不致堕落。他不仅没有在肉体上占有她的欲望,而且一想到可能同她发生这样的关系就心惊胆战。但具有诗人气质的索菲雅姑妈的忧虑就要切实得多。她生怕具有敢作敢为的可贵性格的德米特里一旦爱上这姑娘,就会不顾她的出身和地位,毫不迟疑地同她结婚。

如果聂赫留朵夫当时明确地意识到自己爱上了卡秋莎,尤其是如果当时有人劝他绝不能也不应该把他的命运同这样一个姑娘结合在一起,那么,凭着他的憨直性格,他就会断然决定非同她结婚不可,不管她是个怎样的人,只要他爱她就行。不过,两位姑妈并没有把她们的忧虑告诉他,因此他没有意识到自己对这个姑娘的爱情,就这样离开了姑妈家。

他当时满心相信,他对卡秋莎的感情只是他全身充溢着生的欢乐的一种表现,而这个活泼可爱的姑娘也有着和他一样的感情。临到他动身的时刻,卡秋莎同两位姑妈一起站在台阶上,用她那双泪水盈眶、略带斜睨的乌溜溜的眼睛送着他,他这才感到他正在失去一种美丽、珍贵、一去不返的东西。他觉得有说不出的惆怅。

“再见,卡秋莎,一切都得谢谢你!”他坐上马车,隔着索菲雅姑妈的睡帽,对她说。

“再见,德米特里·伊凡内奇!”她用亲切悦耳的声音说,忍住满眶的眼泪,跑到门廊里,在那儿放声哭了起来。


点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 tenure Uqjy2     
n.终身职位;任期;(土地)保有权,保有期
参考例句:
  • He remained popular throughout his tenure of the office of mayor.他在担任市长的整个任期内都深得民心。
  • Land tenure is a leading political issue in many parts of the world.土地的保有权在世界很多地区是主要的政治问题。
2 secluded wj8zWX     
adj.与世隔绝的;隐退的;偏僻的v.使隔开,使隐退( seclude的过去式和过去分词)
参考例句:
  • Some people like to strip themselves naked while they have a swim in a secluded place. 一些人当他们在隐蔽的地方游泳时,喜欢把衣服脱光。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • This charming cottage dates back to the 15th century and is as pretty as a picture, with its thatched roof and secluded garden. 这所美丽的村舍是15世纪时的建筑,有茅草房顶和宁静的花园,漂亮极了,简直和画上一样。 来自《简明英汉词典》
3 allotted 5653ecda52c7b978bd6890054bd1f75f     
分配,拨给,摊派( allot的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • I completed the test within the time allotted . 我在限定的时间内完成了试验。
  • Each passenger slept on the berth allotted to him. 每个旅客都睡在分配给他的铺位上。
4 unlimited MKbzB     
adj.无限的,不受控制的,无条件的
参考例句:
  • They flew over the unlimited reaches of the Arctic.他们飞过了茫茫无边的北极上空。
  • There is no safety in unlimited technological hubris.在技术方面自以为是会很危险。
5 fully Gfuzd     
adv.完全地,全部地,彻底地;充分地
参考例句:
  • The doctor asked me to breathe in,then to breathe out fully.医生让我先吸气,然后全部呼出。
  • They soon became fully integrated into the local community.他们很快就完全融入了当地人的圈子。
6 attaining da8a99bbb342bc514279651bdbe731cc     
(通常经过努力)实现( attain的现在分词 ); 达到; 获得; 达到(某年龄、水平、状况)
参考例句:
  • Jim is halfway to attaining his pilot's licence. 吉姆就快要拿到飞行员执照了。
  • By that time she was attaining to fifty. 那时她已快到五十岁了。
7 injustice O45yL     
n.非正义,不公正,不公平,侵犯(别人的)权利
参考例句:
  • They complained of injustice in the way they had been treated.他们抱怨受到不公平的对待。
  • All his life he has been struggling against injustice.他一生都在与不公正现象作斗争。
8 enjoyment opaxV     
n.乐趣;享有;享用
参考例句:
  • Your company adds to the enjoyment of our visit. 有您的陪同,我们这次访问更加愉快了。
  • After each joke the old man cackled his enjoyment.每逢讲完一个笑话,这老人就呵呵笑着表示他的高兴。
9 decided lvqzZd     
adj.决定了的,坚决的;明显的,明确的
参考例句:
  • This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
  • There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。
10 agitated dzgzc2     
adj.被鼓动的,不安的
参考例句:
  • His answers were all mixed up,so agitated was he.他是那样心神不定,回答全乱了。
  • She was agitated because her train was an hour late.她乘坐的火车晚点一个小时,她十分焦虑。
11 rustling c6f5c8086fbaf68296f60e8adb292798     
n. 瑟瑟声,沙沙声 adj. 发沙沙声的
参考例句:
  • the sound of the trees rustling in the breeze 树木在微风中发出的沙沙声
  • the soft rustling of leaves 树叶柔和的沙沙声
12 starched 1adcdf50723145c17c3fb6015bbe818c     
adj.浆硬的,硬挺的,拘泥刻板的v.把(衣服、床单等)浆一浆( starch的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • My clothes are not starched enough. 我的衣服浆得不够硬。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
  • The ruffles on his white shirt were starched and clean. 白衬衫的褶边浆过了,很干净。 来自辞典例句
13 nettles 820f41b2406934cd03676362b597a2fe     
n.荨麻( nettle的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • I tingle where I sat in the nettles. 我坐过在荨麻上的那个部位觉得刺痛。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • This bleak place overgrown with nettles was the churchyard. 那蔓草丛生的凄凉地方是教堂公墓。 来自辞典例句
14 mishap AjSyg     
n.不幸的事,不幸;灾祸
参考例句:
  • I'm afraid your son had a slight mishap in the playground.不好了,你儿子在操场上出了点小意外。
  • We reached home without mishap.我们平安地回到了家。
15 peculiar cinyo     
adj.古怪的,异常的;特殊的,特有的
参考例句:
  • He walks in a peculiar fashion.他走路的样子很奇特。
  • He looked at me with a very peculiar expression.他用一种很奇怪的表情看着我。
16 apron Lvzzo     
n.围裙;工作裙
参考例句:
  • We were waited on by a pretty girl in a pink apron.招待我们的是一位穿粉红色围裙的漂亮姑娘。
  • She stitched a pocket on the new apron.她在新围裙上缝上一只口袋。
17 joyful N3Fx0     
adj.欢乐的,令人欢欣的
参考例句:
  • She was joyful of her good result of the scientific experiments.她为自己的科学实验取得好成果而高兴。
  • They were singing and dancing to celebrate this joyful occasion.他们唱着、跳着庆祝这令人欢乐的时刻。
18 mere rC1xE     
adj.纯粹的;仅仅,只不过
参考例句:
  • That is a mere repetition of what you said before.那不过是重复了你以前讲的话。
  • It's a mere waste of time waiting any longer.再等下去纯粹是浪费时间。
19 lull E8hz7     
v.使安静,使入睡,缓和,哄骗;n.暂停,间歇
参考例句:
  • The drug put Simpson in a lull for thirty minutes.药物使辛普森安静了30分钟。
  • Ground fighting flared up again after a two-week lull.经过两个星期的平静之后,地面战又突然爆发了。
20 veranda XfczWG     
n.走廊;阳台
参考例句:
  • She sat in the shade on the veranda.她坐在阳台上的遮荫处。
  • They were strolling up and down the veranda.他们在走廊上来回徜徉。
21 puckered 919dc557997e8559eff50805cb11f46e     
v.(使某物)起褶子或皱纹( pucker的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • His face puckered , and he was ready to cry. 他的脸一皱,像要哭了。
  • His face puckered, the tears leapt from his eyes. 他皱着脸,眼泪夺眶而出。 来自《简明英汉词典》
22 dread Ekpz8     
vt.担忧,忧虑;惧怕,不敢;n.担忧,畏惧
参考例句:
  • We all dread to think what will happen if the company closes.我们都不敢去想一旦公司关门我们该怎么办。
  • Her heart was relieved of its blankest dread.她极度恐惧的心理消除了。
23 intimacy z4Vxx     
n.熟悉,亲密,密切关系,亲昵的言行
参考例句:
  • His claims to an intimacy with the President are somewhat exaggerated.他声称自己与总统关系密切,这有点言过其实。
  • I wish there were a rule book for intimacy.我希望能有个关于亲密的规则。
24 poetical 7c9cba40bd406e674afef9ffe64babcd     
adj.似诗人的;诗一般的;韵文的;富有诗意的
参考例句:
  • This is a poetical picture of the landscape. 这是一幅富有诗意的风景画。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • John is making a periphrastic study in a worn-out poetical fashion. 约翰正在对陈腐的诗风做迂回冗长的研究。 来自辞典例句
25 resolute 2sCyu     
adj.坚决的,果敢的
参考例句:
  • He was resolute in carrying out his plan.他坚决地实行他的计划。
  • The Egyptians offered resolute resistance to the aggressors.埃及人对侵略者作出坚决的反抗。
26 manifestations 630b7ac2a729f8638c572ec034f8688f     
n.表示,显示(manifestation的复数形式)
参考例句:
  • These were manifestations of the darker side of his character. 这些是他性格阴暗面的表现。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • To be wordly-wise and play safe is one of the manifestations of liberalism. 明哲保身是自由主义的表现之一。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》


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