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William and Mary
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William and Mary
WILLIAM PEARL DID NOT leave a great deal of money when he died, and his will was a
simple one. With the exception of a few small bequests1 to relatives, he left all his property to his
wife.
The solicitor2 and Mrs Pearl went over it together in the solicitor’s office, and when the business
was completed, the widow got up to leave. At that point, the solicitor took a sealed envelope from
the folder3 on his desk and held it out to his client.
‘I have been instructed to give you this,’ he said. ‘Your husband sent it to us shortly before he
passed away.’ The solicitor was pale and prim4, and out of respect for a widow he kept his head on
one side as he spoke5, looking downward. ‘It appears that it might be something personal, Mrs
Pearl. No doubt you’d like to take it home with you and read it in privacy.’
Mrs Pearl accepted the envelope and went out into the street. She paused on the pavement,
feeling the thing with her fingers. A letter of farewell from William? Probably, yes. A formal
letter. It was bound to be formal – stiff and formal. The man was incapable6 of acting7 otherwise. He
had never done anything informal in his life.
My dear Mary, I trust that you will not permit my departure from this world to upset you too much, but
that you will continue to observe those precepts8 which have guided you so well during our partnership9
together. Be diligent10 and dignified11 in all things. Be thrifty12 with your money. Be very careful that you do
not … et cetera, et cetera.
A typical William letter.
Or was it possible that he might have broken down at the last moment and written her
something beautiful? Maybe this was a beautiful tender message, a sort of love letter, a lovely
warm note of thanks to her for giving him thirty years of her life and for ironing a million shirts
and cooking a million meals and making a million beds, something that she could read over and
over again, once a day at least, and she would keep it for ever in the box on the dressing-table
together with her brooches.
There is no knowing what people will do when they are about to die, Mrs Pearl told herself, and
she tucked the envelope under her arm and hurried home.
She let herself in the front door and went straight to the living-room and sat down on the sofa
without removing her hat or coat. Then she opened the envelope and drew out the contents. These
consisted, she saw, of some fifteen or twenty sheets of lined white paper, folded over once and
held together at the top left-hand corner by a clip. Each sheet was covered with the small, neat,
forward-sloping writing that she knew so well, but when she noticed how much of it there was,
and in what a neat businesslike manner it was written, and how the first page didn’t even begin in
the nice way a letter should, she began to get suspicious.
She looked away. She lit herself a cigarette. She took one puff13 and laid the cigarette in the ash-
tray.
If this is about what I am beginning to suspect it is about, she told herself, then I don’t want to
read it.
Can one refuse to read a letter from the dead?
Yes.
Well …
She glanced over at William’s empty chair on the other side of the fireplace. It was a big brown
leather armchair, and there was a depression on the seat of it, made by his buttocks over the years.
Higher up, on the backrest, there was a dark oval stain on the leather where his head had rested.
He used to sit reading in that chair and she would be opposite him on the sofa, sewing on buttons
or mending socks or putting a patch on the elbow of one of his jackets, and every now and then a
pair of eyes would glance up from the book and settle on her, watchful14, but strangely impersonal15,
as if calculating something. She had never liked those eyes. They were ice blue, cold, small, and
rather close together, with two deep vertical16 lines of disapproval17 dividing them. All her life they
had been watching her. And even now, after a week alone in the house, she sometimes had an
uneasy feeling that they were still there, following her around, staring at her from doorways19, from
empty chairs, through a window at night.
Slowly she reached into her handbag and took out her spectacles and put them on. Then,
holding the pages up high in front of her so that they caught the late afternoon light from the
window behind, she started to read:
This note, my dear Mary, is entirely20 for you, and will be given you shortly after I am gone.
Do not be alarmed by the sight of all this writing. It is nothing but an attempt on my part to
explain to you precisely21 what Landy is going to do to me, and why I have agreed that he should do
it, and what are his theories and his hopes. You are my wife and you have a right to know these
things. In fact you must know them. During the past few days, I have tried very hard to speak with
you about Landy, but you have steadfastly22 refused to give me a hearing. This, as I have already
told you, is a very foolish attitude to take, and I find it not entirely an unselfish one either. It stems
mostly from ignorance, and I am absolutely convinced that if only you were made aware of all the
facts, you would immediately change your view. That is why I am hoping that when I am no
longer with you, and your mind is less distracted, you will consent to listen to me more carefully
through these pages. I swear to you that when you have read my story, your sense of antipathy25 will
vanish, and enthusiasm will take its place. I even dare to hope that you will become a little proud
of what I have done.
As you read on, you must forgive me, if you will, for the coolness of my style, but this is the
only way I know of getting my message over to you clearly. You see, as my time draws near, it is
natural that I begin to brim with every kind of sentimentality under the sun. Each day I grow more
extravagantly26 wistful, especially in the evenings, and unless I watch myself closely my emotions
will be overflowing27 on to these pages.
I have a wish, for example, to write something about you and what a satisfactory wife you have
been to me through the years and am promising28 myself that if there is time, and I still have the
strength, I shall do that next.
I have a yearning29 also to speak about this Oxford30 of mine where I have been living and teaching
for the past seventeen years, to tell something about the glory of the place and to explain, if I can,
a little of what it has meant to have been allowed to work in its midst. All the things and places
that I loved so well keep crowding in on me now in this gloomy bedroom. They are bright and
beautiful as they always were, and today, for some reason, I can see them more clearly than ever.
The path around the lake in the gardens of Worcester College, where Lovelace used to walk. The
gateway31 at Pembroke. The view westward32 over the town from Magdalen Tower. The great hall at
Christchurch. The little rockery at St John’s where I have counted more than a dozen varieties of
campanula, including the rare and dainty C. Waldsteiniana. But there, you see! I haven’t even
begun and already I’m falling into the trap. So let me get started now; and let you read it slowly,
my dear, without any of that sense of sorrow or disapproval that might otherwise embarrass your
understanding. Promise me now that you will read it slowly, and that you will put yourself in a
cool and patient frame of mind before you begin.
The details of the illness that struck me down so suddenly in my middle life are known to you. I
need not waste time upon them – except to admit at once how foolish I was not to have gone
earlier to my doctor. Cancer is one of the few remaining diseases that these modern drugs cannot
cure. A surgeon can operate if it has not spread too far; but with me, not only did I leave it too late,
but the thing had the effrontery34 to attack me in the pancreas, making both surgery and survival
equally impossible.
So here I was with somewhere between one and six months left to live, growing more
melancholy35 every hour – and then, all of a sudden, in comes Landy.
That was six weeks ago, on a Tuesday morning, very early, long before your visiting time, and
the moment he entered I knew there was some sort of madness in the wind. He didn’t creep in on
his toes, sheepish and embarrassed, not knowing what to say, like all my other visitors. He came in
strong and smiling, and he strode up to the bed and stood there looking down at me with a wild
bright glimmer36 in his eyes, and he said, ‘William, my boy, this is perfect. You’re just the one I
want!’
Perhaps I should explain to you here that although John Landy has never been to our house, and
you have seldom if ever met him, I myself have been friendly with him for at least nine years. I
am, of course, primarily a teacher of philosophy, but as you know I’ve lately been dabbling37 a good
deal in psychology38 as well. Landy’s interests and mine have therefore slightly over-lapped. He is a
magnificent neuro-surgeon, one of the finest, and recently he has been kind enough to let me study
the results of some of his work, especially the varying effects of prefrontal lobotomies upon
different types of psychopath. So you can see that when he suddenly burst in on me that Tuesday
morning, we were by no means strangers to one another.
‘Look,’ he said, pulling up a chair beside the bed. ‘In a few weeks you’re going to be dead.
Correct?’
Coming from Landy, the question didn’t seem especially unkind. In a way it was refreshing39 to
have a visitor brave enough to touch upon the forbidden subject.
‘You’re going to expire right here in this room, and then they’ll take you out and cremate40 you.’
‘Bury me,’ I said.
‘That’s even worse. And then what? Do you believe you’ll go to heaven?’
‘I doubt it,’ I said, ‘though it would be comforting to think so.’
‘Or hell, perhaps?’
‘I don’t really see why they should send me there.’
‘You never know, my dear William.’
What’s all this about?’ I asked.
‘Well,’ he said, and I could see him watching me carefully, ‘personally, I don’t believe that after
you’re dead you’ll ever hear of yourself again – unless …’ and here he paused and smiled and
leaned closer ‘ … unless, of course, you have the sense to put yourself into my hands. Would you
care to consider a proposition?’
The way he was staring at me, and studying me, and appraising41 me with a queer kind of
hungriness, I might have been a piece of prime beef on the counter and he had bought it and was
waiting for them to wrap it up.
‘I’m really serious about it, William. Would you care to consider a proposition?’
‘I don’t know what you’re talking about.’
‘Then listen and I’ll tell you. Will you listen to me?’
‘Go on then, if you like. I doubt I’ve got very much to lose by hearing it.’
‘On the contrary, you have a great deal to gain – especially after you’re dead.’
I am sure he was expecting me to jump when he said this, but for some reason I was ready for it.
I lay quite still, watching his face and that slow white smile of his that always revealed the gold
clasp on an upper denture curled around the canine42 on the left side of his mouth.
‘This is a thing, William, that I’ve been working on quietly for some years. One or two others
here at the hospital have been helping43 me, especially Morrison, and we’ve completed a number of
fairly successful trials with laboratory animals. I’m at the stage now where I’m ready to have a go
with a man. It’s a big idea, and it may sound a bit far-fetched at first, but from a surgical44 point of
view there doesn’t seem to be any reason why it shouldn’t be more or less practicable.’
Landy leaned forward and placed both hands on the edge of my bed. He has a good face,
handsome in a bony sort of way, with none of the usual doctor’s look about it. You know that
look, most of them have it. It glimmers45 at you out of their eyeballs like a dull electric sign and it
reads Only I can save you. But John Landy’s eyes were wide and bright and little sparks of
excitement were dancing in the centres of them.
‘Quite a long time ago,’ he said, ‘I saw a short medical film that had been brought over from
Russia. It was a rather gruesome thing, but interesting. It showed a dog’s head completely severed46
from the body, but with the normal blood supply being maintained through the arteries48 and veins49
by means of an artificial heart. Now the thing is this: that dog’s head, sitting there all alone on a
sort of tray, was alive. The brain was functioning. They proved it by several tests. For example,
when food was smeared50 on the dog’s lips, the tongue would come out and lick it away: and the
eyes would follow a person moving across the room.
‘It seemed reasonable to conclude from this that the head and the brain did not need to be
attached to the rest of the body in order to remain alive – provided, of course, that a supply of
properly oxygenated blood could be maintained.
‘Now then. My own thought, which grew out of seeing this film, was to remove the brain from
the skull51 of a human and keep it alive and functioning as an independent unit for an unlimited52
period after he is dead. Your brain, for example, after you are dead.’
‘I don’t like that,’ I said.
‘Don’t interrupt, William. Let me finish. So far as I can tell from’ subsequent experiments, the
brain is a peculiarly self-supporting object. It manufactures its own cerebrospinal fluid. The magic
processes of thought and memory which go on inside it are manifestly not impaired55 by the absence
of limbs or trunk or even of skull, provided, as I say, that you keep pumping in the right kind of
oxygenated blood under the proper conditions.
‘My dear William, just think for a moment of your own brain. It is in perfect shape. It is
crammed56 full of a lifetime of learning. It has taken you years of work to make it what it is. It is just
beginning to give out some first-rate original ideas. Yet soon it is going to have to die along with
the rest of your body simply because your silly little pancreas is riddled57 with cancer.’
‘No thank you,’ I said to him. ‘You can stop there. It’s a repulsive58 idea, and even if you could
do it, which I doubt, it would be quite pointless. What possible use is there in keeping my brain
alive if I couldn’t talk or see or hear or feel? Personally, I can think of nothing more unpleasant.’
‘I believe that you would be able to communicate with us,’ Landy said. ‘And we might even
succeed in giving you a certain amount of vision. But let’s take this slowly. I’ll come to all that
later on. The fact remains59 that you’re going to die fairly soon whatever happens; and my plans
would not involve touching60 you at all until after you are dead. Come now, William. No true
philosopher could object to lending his dead body to the cause of science.’
‘That’s not putting it quite straight,’ I answered. ‘It seems to me there’d be some doubts as to
whether I were dead or alive by the time you’d finished with me.’
‘Well,’ he said, smiling a little, ‘I suppose you’re right about that. But I don’t think you ought to
turn me down quite so quickly, before you know a bit more about it.’
‘I said I don’t want to hear it.’
‘Have a cigarette,’ he said, holding out his case.
‘I don’t smoke, you know that.’
He took one himself and lit it with a tiny silver lighter61 that was no bigger than a shilling piece.
‘A present from the people who make my instruments,’ he said. ‘Ingenious, isn’t it?’
I examined the lighter, then handed it back.
‘May I go on?’ he asked.
‘I’d rather you didn’t.’
‘Just lie still and listen. I think you’ll find it quite interesting.’
There were some blue grapes on a plate beside my bed. I put the plate on my chest and began
eating the grapes.
‘At the very moment of death,’ Landy said, ‘I should have to be standing33 by so that I could step
in immediately and try to keep your brain alive.’
‘You mean leaving it in the head?’
‘To start with, yes. I’d have to.’
‘And where would you put it after that?’
‘If you want to know, in a sort of basin.’
‘Are you really serious about this?’
‘Certainly I’m serious.’
‘All right. Go on.’
‘I suppose you know that when the heart stops and the brain is deprived of fresh blood and
oxygen, its tissues die very rapidly. Anything from four to six minutes and the whole thing’s dead.
Even after three minutes you may get a certain amount of damage. So I should have to work
rapidly to prevent this from happening. But with the help of the machine, it should all be quite
simple.’
‘What machine?’
‘The artificial heart. We’ve got a nice adaptation here of the one originally devised by Alexis
Carrel and Lindbergh. It oxygenates the blood, keeps it at the right temperature, pumps it in at the
right pressure, and does a number of other little necessary things. It’s really not at all
complicated.’
‘Tell me what you would do at the moment of death,’ I said. ‘What is the first thing you would
do?’
‘Do you know anything about the vascular62 and venous arrangement of the brain?’
‘No.’
‘Then listen. It’s not difficult. The blood supply to the brain is derived63 from two main sources,
the internal carotid arteries and the vertebral arteries. There are two of each, making four arteries
in all. Got that?’
‘Yes.’
‘And the return system is even simpler. The blood is drained away by only two large veins, the
internal jugulars65. So you have four arteries going up – they go up the neck of course – and two
veins coming down. Around the brain itself they naturally branch out into other channels, but
those don’t concern us. We never touch them.’
‘All right,’ I said. ‘Imagine that I’ve just died. Now what would you do?’
‘I should immediately open your neck and locate the four arteries, the carotids and the
vertebrals. I should then perfuse them, which means that I’d stick a large hollow needle into each.
These four needles would be connected by tubes to the artificial heart.
‘Then, working quickly, I would dissect66 out both the left and right jugular64 veins and hitch67 these
also to the heart machine to complete the circuit. Now switch on the machine, which is already
primed with the right type of blood and there you are. The circulation through your brain would be
restored.’
‘I’d be like that Russian dog.’
‘I don’t think you would. For one thing, you’d certainly lose consciousness when you died, and
I very much doubt whether you would come to again for quite a long time – if indeed you came to
at all. But, conscious or not, you’d be in a rather interesting position, wouldn’t you? You’d have a
cold dead body and a living brain.’
Landy paused to savour this delightful68 prospect69. The man was so entranced and bemused by the
whole idea that he evidently found it impossible to believe I might not be feeling the same way.
‘We could now afford to take our time,’ he said. ‘And believe me, we’d need it. The first thing
we’d do would be to wheel you to the operating-room, accompanied of course by the machine,
which must never stop pumping. The next problem …’
‘All right,’ I said. ‘That’s enough. I don’t have to hear the details.’
‘Oh but you must,’ he said. ‘It is important that you should know precisely what is going to
happen to you all the way through. You see, afterwards, when you regain70 consciousness, it will be
much more satisfactory from your point of view if you are able to remember exactly where you
are and how you came to be there. If only for your own peace of mind you should know that. You
agree?’
I lay still on the bed, watching him.
‘So the next problem would be to remove your brain, intact and undamaged, from your dead
body. The body is useless. In fact it has already started to decay. The skull and the face are also
useless. They are both encumbrances71 and I don’t want them around. All I want is the brain, the
clean beautiful brain, alive and perfect. So when I get you on the table I will take a saw, a small
oscillating saw, and with this I shall proceed to remove the whole vault72 of your skull. You’d still
be unconscious at that point so I wouldn’t have to bother with anaesthetic.’
‘Like hell, you wouldn’t,’ I said.
‘You’d be out cold, I promise you that, William. Don’t forget you died just a few minutes
before.’
‘Nobody’s sawing off the top of my skull without an anaesthetic,’ I said.
Landy shrugged73 his shoulders. ‘It makes no difference to me,’ he said. ‘I’ll be glad to give you a
little procaine if you want it. If it will make you any happier I’ll infiltrate74 the whole scalp with
procaine, the whole head, from the neck up.’
‘Thanks very much,’ I said.
‘You know,’ he went on, ‘it’s extraordinary what sometimes happens. Only last week a man
was brought in unconscious, and I opened his head without any anaesthetic at all and removed a
small blood clot75. I was still working inside the skull when he woke up and began talking.
‘ “Where am I?” he asked.
‘ “You’re in hospital.”
‘ “Well,” he said. ‘Fancy that.”
‘ “Tell me,” I asked him, “is this bothering you, what I’m doing?”
‘ “No,” he answered. “Not at all. What are you doing?”
‘ “I’m just removing a blood clot from your brain.”
‘ “You are?”
‘ “Just lie still. Don’t move, I’m nearly finished.”
‘ “So that’s the bastard76 who’s been giving me all those headaches,” the man said.’
Landy paused and smiled, remembering the occasion. ‘That’s word for word what the man
said,’ he went on, ‘although the next day he couldn’t even recollect77 the incident. It’s a funny thing,
the brain.’
‘I’ll have the procaine,’ I said.
‘As you wish, William. And now, as I say, I’d take a small oscillating saw and carefully remove
your complete calvarium – the whole vault of the skull. This would expose the top half of the
brain, or rather the outer covering in which it is wrapped. You may or may not know that there are
three separate coverings around the brain itself – the outer one called the dura mater or dura, the
middle one called the arachnoid, and the inner one called the pia mater or pia. Most laymen78 seem
to have the idea that the brain is a naked thing floating around in fluid in your head. But it isn’t.
It’s wrapped up neatly79 in these three strong coverings, and the cerebrospinal fluid actually flows
within the little gap between the two coverings, known as the subarachnoid space. As I told you
before, this fluid is manufactured by the brain and it drains off into the venous system by osmosis.
‘I myself would leave all three coverings – don’t they have lovely names, the dura, the
arachnoid, and the pia? – I’d leave them all intact. There are many reasons for this, not least
among them being the fact that within the dura run the venous channels that drain the blood from
the brain into the jugular.
‘Now,’ he went on, ‘we’ve got the upper half of your skull off so that the top of the brain,
wrapped in its outer covering, is exposed. The next step is the really tricky80 one: to release the
whole package so that it can be lifted cleanly away, leaving the stubs of the four supply arteries
and the two veins hanging underneath81 ready to be re-connected to the machine. This is an
immensely lengthy82 and complicated business involving the delicate chipping away of much bone,
the severing83 of many nerves, and the cutting and tying of numerous blood vessels84. The only way I
could do it with any hope of success would be by taking a rongeur and slowly biting off the rest of
your skull, peeling it off downward like an orange until the sides and underneath of the brain
covering are fully24 exposed. The problems involved are highly technical and I won’t go into them
but I feel fairly sure that the work can be done. It’s simply a question of surgical skill and
patience. And don’t forget that I’d have plenty of time, as much as I wanted, because the artificial
heart would be continually pumping away alongside the operating-table, keeping the brain alive.
‘Now, let’s assume that I’ve succeeded in peeling off your skull and removing everything else
that surrounds the sides of the brain. That leaves it connected to the body only at the base, mainly
by the spinal54 column and by the two large veins and the four arteries that are supplying it with
blood. So what next?
‘I would sever47 the spinal column just above the first cervical vertebra, taking great care not to
harm the two vertebral arteries which are in that area. But you must remember that the dura or
outer covering is open at this place to receive the spinal column, so I’d have to close this opening
by sewing the edges of the dura together. There’d be no problem there.
‘At this point, I would be ready for the final move. To one side, on a table, I’d have a basin of a
special shape, and this would be filled with what we call Ringer’s Solution. That is a special kind
of fluid we use for irrigation in neurosurgery. I would now cut the brain completely loose by
severing the supply arteries and the veins. Then I would simply pick it up in my hands and transfer
it to the basin. This would be the only other time during the whole proceeding85 when the blood
flow would be cut off; but once it was in the basin, it wouldn’t take a moment to re-connect the
stubs of the arteries and veins to the artificial heart.
‘So there you are,’ Landy said. ‘Your brain is now in the basin, and still alive, and there isn’t
any reason why it shouldn’t stay alive for a very long time, years and years perhaps, provided we
looked after the blood and the machine.’
‘But would it function?’
‘My dear William, how should I know? I can’t even tell you whether it would regain
consciousness.’
‘And if it did?’
‘There now! That would be fascinating!’
‘Would it?’ I said, and I must admit I had my doubts.
‘Of course it would! Lying there with all your thinking processes working beautifully, and your
memory as well …’
‘And not being able to see or feel or smell or hear or talk,’ I said.
‘Ah!’ he cried. ‘I knew I’d forgotten something! I never told you about the eye. Listen. I am
going to try to leave one of your optic nerves intact, as well as the eye itself. The optic nerve is a
little thing about the thickness of a clinical thermometer and about two inches in length as it
stretches between the brain and the eye. The beauty of it is that it’s not really a nerve at all. It’s an
outpouching of the brain itself, and the dura or brain covering extends along it and is attached to
the eyeball. The back of the eye is therefore in very close contact with the brain, and cerebro-
spinal fluid flows right up to it.
‘All this suits my purpose very well, and makes it reasonable to suppose that I could succeed in
preserving one of your eyes. I’ve already constructed a small plastic case to contain the eyeball,
instead of your own socket86, and when the brain is in the basin, submerged in Ringer’s Solution,
the eyeball in its case will float on the surface of the liquid.’
‘Staring at the ceiling,’ I said.
‘I suppose so, yes. I’m afraid there wouldn’t be any muscles there to move it around. But it
might be sort of fun to lie there so quietly and comfortably peering out at the world from your
basin.’
‘Hilarious,” I said. ‘How about leaving me an ear as well?’
‘I’d rather not try an ear this time.’
‘I want an ear,’ I said. ‘I insist upon an ear.’
‘No.’
‘I want to listen to Bach.’
‘You don’t understand how difficult it would be,’ Landy said gently. The hearing apparatus87
the cochlea, as it’s called – is a far more delicate mechanism88 than the eye. What’s more, it is
encased in bone. So is a part of the auditory nerve that connects it with the brain. I couldn’t
possibly chisel89 the whole thing out intact.’
‘Couldn’t you leave it encased in the bone and bring the bone to the basin?’
‘No,’ he said firmly. This thing is complicated enough already. And anyway, if the eye works, it
doesn’t matter all that much about your hearing. We can always hold up messages for you to read.
You really must leave me to decide what is possible and what isn’t.’
‘I haven’t yet said that I’m going to do it.’
‘I know, William, I know.’
‘I’m not sure I fancy the idea very much.’
‘Would you rather be dead altogether?’
‘Perhaps I would. I don’t know yet. I wouldn’t be able to talk, would I?’
‘Of course not.’
‘Then how would I communicate with you? How would you know that I’m conscious?’
‘It would be easy for us to know whether or not you regain consciousness,’ Landy said. The
ordinary electro-encephalograph could tell us that. We’d attach the electrodes directly to the
frontal lobes90 of your brain, there in the basin.’
‘And you could actually tell?’
‘Oh, definitely. Any hospital could do that part of it.’
‘But I couldn’t communicate with you.’
‘As a matter of fact,’ Landy said, ‘I believe you could. There’s a man up in London called
Wertheimer who’s doing some interesting work on the subject of thought communication, and I’ve
been in touch with him. You know, don’t you, that the thinking brain throws off electrical and
chemical discharges? And that these discharges go out in the form of waves, rather like radio
waves?’
‘I know a bit about it,’ I said.
‘Well, Wertheimer has constructed an apparatus somewhat similar to the encephalograph,
though far more sensitive, and he maintains that within certain narrow limits it can help him to
interpret the actual things that a brain is thinking. It produces a kind of graph which is apparently91
decipherable into words or thoughts. Would you like me to ask Wertheimer to come and see you?’
‘No,’ I said. Landy was already taking it for granted that I was going to go through with this
business, and I resented his attitude. ‘Go away now and leave me alone,’ I told him. ‘You won’t
get anywhere by trying to rush me.’
He stood up at once and crossed to the door.
‘One question,’ I said.
He paused with a hand on the doorknob. ‘Yes, William?’
‘Simply this. Do you yourself honestly believe that when my brain is in that basin, my mind
will be able to function exactly as it is doing at present? Do you believe that I will be able to think
and reason as I can now? And will the power of memory remain?’
‘I don’t see why not,’ he answered. ‘It’s the same brain. It’s alive. It’s undamaged. In fact, it’s
completely untouched. We haven’t even opened the dura. The big difference, of course, would be
that we’ve severed every single nerve that leads into it – except for the one optic nerve – and this
means that your thinking would no longer be influenced by your senses. You’d be living in an
extraordinary pure and detached world. Nothing to bother you at all, not even pain. You couldn’t
possibly feel pain because there wouldn’t be any nerves to feel it with. In a way, it would be an
almost perfect situation. No worries or fears or pains or hunger or thirst. Not even any desires. Just
your memories and your thoughts and if the remaining eye happened to function, then you could
read books as well. It all sounds rather pleasant to me.’
‘It does, does it?’
‘Yes, William, it does. And particularly for a Doctor of Philosophy. It would be a tremendous
experience. You’d be able to reflect upon the ways of the world with a detachment and a serenity92
that no man had ever attained93 before. And who knows what might not happen then! Great thoughts
and solutions might come to you, great ideas that could revolutionize our way of life! Try to
imagine, if you can, the degree of concentration that you’d be able to achieve!’
‘And the frustration94,’ I said.
‘Nonsense. There couldn’t be any frustration. You can’t have frustration without desire, and
you couldn’t possibly have any desire. Not physical desire, anyway.’
‘I should certainly be capable of remembering my previous life in the world, and I might desire
to return to it.’
‘What, to this mess! Out of your comfortable basin and back into this madhouse!’
‘Answer one more question,’ I said. ‘How long do you believe you could keep it alive?’
‘The brain? Who knows? Possibly for years and years. The conditions would be ideal. Most of
the factors that cause deterioration95 would be absent, thanks to the artificial heart. The blood-
pressure would remain constant at all times, an impossible condition in real life. The temperature
would also be constant. The chemical composition of the blood would be near perfect. There
would be no impurities96 in it, or virus, no bacteria, nothing. Of course it’s foolish to guess, but I
believe that a brain might live for two or three hundred years in circumstances like these. Goodbye
for now,’ he said. ‘I’ll drop in and see you tomorrow.’ He went out quickly, leaving me, as you
might guess, in a fairly disturbed state of mind.
My immediate23 reaction after he had gone was one of revulsion towards the whole business.
Somehow, it wasn’t at all nice. There was something basically repulsive about the idea that I
myself, with all my mental faculties97 intact, should be reduced to a small slimy blob lying in a pool
of water. It was monstrous98, obscene, unholy. Another thing that bothered me was the feeling of
helplessness that I was bound to experience once Landy had got me into the basin. There could be
no going back after that, no way of protesting or explaining. I would be committed for as long as
they could keep me alive.
And what, for example, if I could not stand it? What if it turned out to be terribly painful? What
if I became hysterical99?
No legs to run away on. No voice to scream with. Nothing. I’d just have to grin and bear it for
the next two centuries.
No mouth to grin with either.
At this point, a curious thought struck me, and it was this: Does not a man who has had a leg
amputated often suffer from the delusion100 that the leg is still there? Does he not tell the nurse that
the toes he doesn’t have any more are itching101 like mad, and so on and so forth102? I seemed to have
heard something to that effect quite recently.
Very well. On the same premise103, was it not possible that my brain, lying there alone in that
basin, might not suffer from a similar delusion in regard to my body? In which case, all my usual
aches and pains could come flooding over me and I wouldn’t even be able to take an aspirin104 to
relieve them. One moment I might be imagining that I had the most excruciating cramp105 in my leg,
or a violent indigestion, and a few minutes later, I might easily get the feeling that my poor
bladder – you know me – was so full that if I didn’t get to emptying it soon it would burst.
Heaven forbid.
I lay there for a long time thinking these horrid106 thoughts. Then quite suddenly, round about
midday, my mood began to change. I became less concerned with the unpleasant aspect of the
affair and found myself able to examine Landy’s proposals in a more reasonable light. Was there
not, after all, I asked myself, something a bit comforting in the thought that my brain might not
necessarily have to die and disappear in a few weeks’ time? There was indeed. I am rather proud
of my brain. It is a sensitive, lucid107, and uberous organ. It contains a prodigious108 store of
information, and it is still capable of producing imaginative and original theories. As brains go, it
is a damn good one, though I say it myself. Whereas my body, my poor old body, the thing that
Landy wants to throw away – well, even you, my dear Mary, will have to agree with me that there
is really nothing about that which is worth preserving any more.
I was lying on my back eating a grape. Delicious it was, and there were three little seeds in it
which I took out of my mouth and placed on the edge of the plate.
‘I’m going to do it,’ I said quietly. ‘Yes, by God, I’m going to do it. When Landy comes back to
see me tomorrow I shall tell him straight out that I’m going to do it.’
It was as quick as that. And from then on, I began to feel very much better. I surprised everyone
by gobbling an enormous lunch, and shortly after that you came in to visit me as usual.
But how well I looked, you told me. How bright and well and chirpy. Had anything happened?
Was there some good news?
Yes, I said there was. And then, if you remember, I bade you sit down and make yourself
comfortable and I began immediately to explain to you as gently as I could what was in the wind.
Alas109, you would have none of it. I had hardly begun telling you the barest details when you flew
into a fury and said that the thing was revolting, disgusting, horrible, unthinkable, and when I tried
to go on, you marched out of the room.
Well, Mary, as you know, I have tried to discuss this subject with you many times since then,
but you have consistently refused to give me a hearing. Hence this note, and I can only hope that
you will have the good sense to permit yourself to read it. It has taken me a long time to write.
Two weeks have gone since I started to scribble110 the first sentence, and I’m now a good deal
weaker than I was then. I doubt whether I have the strength to say much more. Certainly I won’t
say good-bye, because there’s a chance, just a tiny chance, that if Landy succeeds in his work I
may actually see you again later, that is if you bring yourself to come and visit me.
I am giving orders that these pages shall not be delivered to you until a week after I am gone.
By now, therefore, as you sit reading them, seven days have already elapsed since Landy did the
deed. You yourself may even know what the outcome has been. If you don’t, if you have
purposely kept yourself apart and have refused to have anything to do with it – which I suspect
may be the case – please change your mind now and give Landy a call to see how things went
with me. That is the least you can do. I have told him that he may expect to hear from you on the
seventh day.
Your faithful husband,
William
ps. Be good when I am gone, and always remember that it is harder to be a widow than a wife. Do
not drink cocktails111. Do not waste money. Do not smoke cigarettes. Do not eat pastry112. Do not use
lipstick113. Do not buy a television apparatus. Keep my rose beds and my rockery well weeded in the
summers. And incidentally I suggest that you have the telephone disconnected now that I shall
have no further use for it.
W.
Mrs Pearl laid the last page of the manuscript slowly down on the sofa beside her. Her little
mouth was pursed up tight and there was a whiteness around her nostrils114.
But really! You would think a widow was entitled to a bit of peace after all these years.
The whole thing was just too awful to think about. Beastly and awful. It gave her the shudders115.
She reached for her bag and found herself another cigarette. She lit it, inhaling116 the smoke deeply
and blowing it out in clouds all over the room. Through the smoke she could see her lovely
television set, brand new, lustrous117, huge, crouching118 defiantly119 but also a little self-consciously on
top of what used to be William’s worktable.
What would he say, she wondered, if he could see that now?
She paused, to remember the last time he had caught her smoking a cigarette. That was about a
year ago, and she was sitting in the kitchen by the open window having a quick one before he
came home from work. She’d had the radio on loud playing dance music and she had turned round
to pour herself another cup of coffee and there he was standing in the doorway18, huge and grim,
staring down at her with those awful eyes, a little black dot of fury blazing in the centre of each.
For four weeks after that, he had paid the housekeeping bills himself and given her no money at
all, but of course he wasn’t to know that she had over six pounds salted away in a soap-flake
carton in the cupboard under the sink.
‘What is it?’ she had said to him once during supper. ‘Are you worried about me getting lung
cancer?’
‘I am not,’ he had answered.
‘Then why can’t I smoke?’
‘Because I disapprove120, that’s why.’
He had also disapproved121 of children, and as a result they had never had any of them either.
Where was he now, this William of hers, the great disapprover122?
Landy would be expecting her to call up. Did she have to call Landy?
Well, not really, no.
She finished her cigarette, then lit another one immediately from the old stub. She looked at the
telephone that was sitting on the worktable beside the television set. William had asked her to call.
He had specifically requested that she telephone Landy as soon as she had read the letter. She
hesitated, fighting hard now against that old ingrained sense of duty that she didn’t quite yet dare
to shake off. Then, slowly, she got to her feet and crossed over to the phone on the worktable. She
found a number in the book, dialled it, and waited.
‘I want to speak to Mr Landy, please.’
‘Who is calling?’
‘Mrs Pearl. Mrs William Pearl.’
‘One moment, please.’
Almost at once, Landy was on the other end of the wire.
‘Mrs Pearl?’
‘This is Mrs Pearl.’
There was a slight pause.
‘I am so glad you called at last, Mrs Pearl. You are quite well, I hope?’ The voice was quiet,
unemotional, courteous123. ‘I wonder if you would care to come over to the hospital? Then we can
have a little chat. I expect you are very eager to know how it all came out.’
She didn’t answer.
‘I can tell you now that everything went pretty smoothly124, one way and another. Far better, in
fact, than I was entitled to hope. It is not only alive, Mrs Pearl, it is conscious. It recovered
consciousness on the second day. Isn’t that interesting?’
She waited for him to go on.
‘And the eye is seeing. We are sure of that because we get an immediate change in the
deflections on the encephalograph when we hold something up in front of it. And now we’re
giving it the newspaper to read every day.’
‘Which newspaper?’ Mrs Pearl asked sharply.
‘The Daily Mirror. The headlines are larger.’
‘He hates the Mirror. Give him The Times.’
There was a pause, then the doctor said, ‘Very well, Mrs Pearl. We’ll give it The Times. We
naturally want to do all we can to keep it happy.’
‘Him,’ she said. ‘Not it. Him!’
‘Him,’ the doctor said. ‘Yes, I beg your pardon. To keep him happy. That’s one reason why I
suggested you should come along here as soon as possible. I think it would be good for him to see
you. You could indicate how delighted you were to be with him again – smile at him and blow
him a kiss and all that sort of thing. It’s bound to be a comfort to him to know that you are
standing by.’
There was a long pause.
‘Well,’ Mrs Pearl said at last, her voice suddenly very meek125 and tired. ‘I suppose I had better
come on over and see how he is.’
‘Good. I knew you would. I’ll wait here for you. Come straight up to my office on the second
floor. Good-bye.’
Half an hour later, Mrs Pearl was at the hospital.
‘You mustn’t be surprised by what he looks like,’ Landy said as he walked beside her down a
corridor.
‘No, I won’t.’
‘It’s bound to be a bit of a shock to you at first. He’s not very prepossessing in his present state,
I’m afraid.’
‘I didn’t marry him for his looks, Doctor.’
Landy turned and stared at her. What a queer little woman this was, he thought with her large
eyes and her sullen126, resentful air. Her features, which must have been quite pleasant once, had now
gone completely. The mouth was slack, the cheeks loose and flabby, and the whole face gave the
impression of having slowly but surely sagged127 to pieces through years and years of joyless
married life. They walked on for a while in silence.
‘Take your time when you get inside,’ Landy said. ‘He won’t know you’re in there until you
place your face directly above his eye. The eye is always open, but he can’t move it at all, so the
field of vision is very narrow. At present we have it looking up at the ceiling. And of course he
can’t hear anything. We can talk together as much as we like. It’s in here.’
Landy opened a door and ushered128 her into a small square room.
‘I wouldn’t go too close yet,’ he said, putting a hand on her arm. ‘Stay back here a moment with
me until you get used to it all.’
There was a biggish white enamel129 bowl about the size of a washbasin standing on a high white
table in the centre of the room, and there were half a dozen thin plastic tubes coming out of it.
These tubes were connected with a whole lot of glass piping in which you could see the blood
flowing to and from the heart machine. The machine itself made a soft rhythmic130 pulsing sound.
‘He’s in there,’ Landy said, pointing to the basin, which was too high for her to see into. ‘Come
just a little closer. Not too near.’
He led her two paces forward.
By stretching her neck, Mrs Pearl could now see the surface of the liquid inside the basin. It was
clear and still, and on it there floated a small oval capsule, about the size of a pigeon’s egg.
‘That’s the eye in there,’ Landy said. ‘Can you see it?’
‘Yes.’
‘So far as we can tell, it is still in perfect condition. It’s his right eye, and the plastic container
has a lens on it similar to the one he used in his own spectacles. At this moment he’s probably
seeing quite as well as he did before.’
‘The ceiling isn’t much to look at,’ Mrs Pearl said.
‘Don’t worry about that. We’re in the process of working out a whole programme to keep him
amused, but we don’t want to go too quickly at first.’
‘Give him a good book.’
‘We will, we will. Are you feeling all right, Mrs Pearl?’
‘Yes.’
‘Then we’ll go forward a little more, shall we, and you’ll be able to see the whole thing.’
He led her forward until they were standing only a couple of yards from the table and now she
could see right down into the basin.
‘There you are,’ Landy said. That’s William.’
He was far larger than she had imagined he would be, and darker in colour. With all the ridges131
and creases132 running over his surface, he reminded her of nothing so much as an enormous pickled
walnut133. She could see the stubs of the four big arteries and the two veins coming out from the base
of him and the neat way in which they were joined to the plastic tubes; and with each throb134 of the
heart machine, all the tubes gave a little jerk in unison135 as the blood was pushed through them.
‘You’ll have to lean over,’ Landy said, ‘and put your pretty face right above the eye. He’ll see
you then, and you can smile at him and blow him a kiss. If I were you I’d say a few nice things as
well. He won’t actually hear them, but I’m sure he’ll get the general idea.’
‘He hates people blowing kisses at him,’ Mrs Pearl said. ‘I’ll do it my own way if you don’t
mind.’ She stepped up to the edge of the table, leaned forward until her face was directly over the
basin, and looked straight down in William’s eye.
‘Hallo, dear,’ she whispered. ‘It’s me – Mary.’
The eye, bright as ever, stared back at her with a peculiar53, fixed136 intensity137.
‘How are you, dear?’ she said.
The plastic capsule was transparent138 all the way round so that the whole of the eyeball was
visible. The optic nerve connecting the underside of it to the brain looked a short length of grey
spaghetti.
‘Are you feeling all right, William?’
It was a queer sensation peering into her husband’s eye when there was no face to go with it. All
she had to look at was the eye, and she kept staring at it, and gradually it grew bigger and bigger,
and in the end it was the only thing that she could see – a sort of face in itself. There was a
network of tiny red veins running over the white surface of the eyeball, and in the ice-blue of the
iris139 there were three or four rather pretty darkish streaks140 radiating from the pupil in the centre. The
pupil was large and black, with a little spark of light reflecting from one side of it.
‘I got your letter, dear, and came over at once to see how you were. Dr Landy says you are
doing wonderfully well. Perhaps if I talk slowly you can understand a little of what I am saying by
reading my lips.’
There was no doubt that the eye was watching her.
‘They are doing everything possible to take care of you, dear. This marvellous machine thing
here is pumping away all the time and I’m sure it’s a lot better than those silly old hearts all the
rest of us have. Ours are liable to break down at any moment, but yours will go on for ever.’
She was studying the eye closely, trying to discover what there was about it that gave it such an
unusual appearance.
‘You seem fine, dear, simply fine. Really you do.’
It looked ever so much nicer, this eye, than either of his eyes used to look, she told herself.
There was a softness about it somewhere, a calm, kindly141 quality that she had never seen before.
Maybe it had to do with the dot in the very centre, the pupil. William’s pupils used always to be
tiny black pinheads. They used to glint at you, stabbing into your brain, seeing right through you,
and they always knew at once what you were up to and even what you were thinking. But this one
she was looking at now was large and soft and gentle, almost cow-like.
‘Are you quite sure he’s conscious?’ she asked, not looking up.
‘Oh yes, completely,’ Landy said.
‘And he can see me?’
Perfectly142.’
‘Isn’t that marvellous? I expect he’s wondering what happened.’
‘Not at all. He knows perfectly well where he is and why he’s there. He can’t possibly have
forgotten that.’
‘You mean he knows he’s in this basin?’
‘Of course. And if only he had the power of speech, he would probably be able to carry on a
perfectly normal conversation with you this very minute. So far as I can see, there should be
absolutely no difference mentally between this William here and the one you used to know back
home.’
‘Good gracious me,’ Mrs Pearl said, and she paused to consider this intriguing143 aspect.
You know what, she told herself, looking behind the eye now and staring hard at the great grey
pulpy144 walnut that lay so placidly145 under the water, I’m not at all sure that I don’t prefer him as he is
at present. In fact, I believe that I could live very comfortably with this kind of a William. I could
cope with this one.
‘Quiet, isn’t he?’ she said.
‘Naturally he’s quiet.’
No arguments and criticisms, she thought, no constant admonitions, no rules to obey, no ban on
smoking cigarettes, no pair of cold disapproving146 eyes watching me over the top of a book in the
evenings, no shirts to wash and iron, no meals to cook – nothing but the throb of the heart
machine, which was rather a soothing147 sound anyway and certainly not loud enough to interfere148
with television.
‘Doctor,’ she said. ‘I do believe I’m suddenly getting to feel the most enormous affection for
him. Does that sound queer?’
‘I think it’s quite understandable.’
‘He looks so helpless and silent lying there under the water in his little basin.’
‘Yes, I know.’
‘He’s like a baby, that’s what he’s like. He’s exactly like a little baby.’
Landy stood still behind her, watching.
‘There,’ she said softly, peering into the basin. ‘From now on Mary’s going to look after you all
by herself and you’ve nothing to worry about in the world. When can I have him back home,
Doctor?’
‘I beg your pardon?’
‘I said when can I have him back – back in my own house?’
‘You’re joking,’ Landy said.
She turned her head slowly around and looked directly at him. ‘Why should I joke?’ she asked.
Her face was bright, her eyes round and bright as two diamonds.
‘He couldn’t possibly be moved.’
‘I don’t see why not.’
‘This is an experiment, Mrs Pearl.’
‘It’s my husband, Dr Landy.’
A funny little nervous half-smile appeared on Landy’s mouth. ‘Well …’ he said.
‘It is my husband, you know.’ There was no anger in her voice. She spoke quietly, as though
merely reminding him of a simple fact.
‘That’s rather a tricky point,’ Landy said, wetting his lips. ‘You’re a widow now, Mrs Pearl. I
think you must resign yourself to that fact.’
She turned away suddenly from the table and crossed over to the window. ‘I mean it,’ she said,
fishing in her bag for a cigarette. ‘I want him back.’
Landy watched her as she put the cigarette between her lips and lit it. Unless he were very much
mistaken, there was something a bit odd about this woman, he thought. She seemed almost pleased
to have her husband over there in the basin.
He tried to imagine what his own feelings would be if it were his wife’s brain lying there and
her eye staring at him out of that capsule.
He wouldn’t like it.
‘Shall we go back to my room now?’ he said.
She was standing by the window, apparently quite calm and relaxed, puffing149 her cigarette.
‘Yes, all right.’
On her way past the table she stopped and leaned over the basin once more. ‘Mary’s leaving
now, sweetheart,’ she said. ‘And don’t you worry about a single thing, you understand? We’re
going to get you right back home where we can look after you properly just as soon as we possibly
can. And listen dear …’ At this point she paused and carried the cigarette to her lips, intending to
take a puff.
Instantly the eye flashed.
She was looking straight into it at the time and right in the centre of it she saw a tiny but
brilliant flash of light, and the pupil contracted into a minute black pinpoint150 of absolute fury.
At first she didn’t move. She stood bending over the basin, holding the cigarette up to her
mouth, watching the eye.
Then very slowly, deliberately151, she put the cigarette between her lips and took a long suck. She
inhaled152 deeply, and she held the smoke inside her lungs for three or four seconds; then suddenly,
whoosh153, out it came through her nostrils in two thin jets which struck the water in the basin, and
billowed out over the surface in a thick blue cloud, enveloping154 the eye.
Landy was over by the door, with his back to her, waiting. ‘Come on, Mrs Pearl,’ he called.
‘Don’t look so cross, William,’ she said softly. ‘It isn’t any good looking cross.’
Landy tuned155 his head to see what she was doing.
‘Not any more it isn’t,’ she whispered. ‘Because from now on, my pet, you’re going to do just
exactly what Mary tells you. Do you understand that?’
‘Mrs Pearl,’ Landy said, moving towards her.
‘So don’t be a naughty boy again, will you, my precious,’ she said, taking another pull at the
cigarette. ‘Naughty boys are liable to get punished most severely156 nowadays, you ought to know
that.’
Landy was beside her now, and he took her by the arm and began drawing her firmly but gently
away from the table.
‘Good-bye, darling,’ she called. ‘I’ll be back soon.’
‘That’s enough, Mrs Pearl.’
‘Isn’t he sweet?’ she cried, looking up at Landy with big bright eyes. ‘Isn’t he heaven? I just
can’t wait to get him home.’

点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 bequests a47cf7b1ace6563dc82dfe0dc08bc225     
n.遗赠( bequest的名词复数 );遗产,遗赠物
参考例句:
  • About half this amount comes from individual donors and bequests. 这笔钱大约有一半来自个人捐赠及遗赠。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • He left bequests of money to all his friends. 他留下一些钱遗赠给他所有的朋友。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
2 solicitor vFBzb     
n.初级律师,事务律师
参考例句:
  • The solicitor's advice gave me food for thought.律师的指点值得我深思。
  • The solicitor moved for an adjournment of the case.律师请求将这个案件的诉讼延期。
3 folder KjixL     
n.纸夹,文件夹
参考例句:
  • Peter returned the plan and charts to their folder.彼得把这份计划和表格放回文件夹中。
  • He draws the document from its folder.他把文件从硬纸夹里抽出来。
4 prim SSIz3     
adj.拘泥形式的,一本正经的;n.循规蹈矩,整洁;adv.循规蹈矩地,整洁地
参考例句:
  • She's too prim to enjoy rude jokes!她太古板,不喜欢听粗野的笑话!
  • He is prim and precise in manner.他的态度一本正经而严谨
5 spoke XryyC     
n.(车轮的)辐条;轮辐;破坏某人的计划;阻挠某人的行动 v.讲,谈(speak的过去式);说;演说;从某种观点来说
参考例句:
  • They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
  • The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。
6 incapable w9ZxK     
adj.无能力的,不能做某事的
参考例句:
  • He would be incapable of committing such a cruel deed.他不会做出这么残忍的事。
  • Computers are incapable of creative thought.计算机不会创造性地思维。
7 acting czRzoc     
n.演戏,行为,假装;adj.代理的,临时的,演出用的
参考例句:
  • Ignore her,she's just acting.别理她,她只是假装的。
  • During the seventies,her acting career was in eclipse.在七十年代,她的表演生涯黯然失色。
8 precepts 6abcb2dd9eca38cb6dd99c51d37ea461     
n.规诫,戒律,箴言( precept的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • They accept the Prophet's precepts but reject some of his strictures. 他们接受先知的教训,但拒绝他的种种约束。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
  • The legal philosopher's concern is to ascertain the true nature of all the precepts and norms. 法哲学家的兴趣在于探寻所有规范和准则的性质。 来自辞典例句
9 partnership NmfzPy     
n.合作关系,伙伴关系
参考例句:
  • The company has gone into partnership with Swiss Bank Corporation.这家公司已经和瑞士银行公司建立合作关系。
  • Martin has taken him into general partnership in his company.马丁已让他成为公司的普通合伙人。
10 diligent al6ze     
adj.勤勉的,勤奋的
参考例句:
  • He is the more diligent of the two boys.他是这两个男孩中较用功的一个。
  • She is diligent and keeps herself busy all the time.她真勤快,一会儿也不闲着。
11 dignified NuZzfb     
a.可敬的,高贵的
参考例句:
  • Throughout his trial he maintained a dignified silence. 在整个审讯过程中,他始终沉默以保持尊严。
  • He always strikes such a dignified pose before his girlfriend. 他总是在女友面前摆出这种庄严的姿态。
12 thrifty NIgzT     
adj.节俭的;兴旺的;健壮的
参考例句:
  • Except for smoking and drinking,he is a thrifty man.除了抽烟、喝酒,他是个生活节俭的人。
  • She was a thrifty woman and managed to put aside some money every month.她是个很会持家的妇女,每月都设法存些钱。
13 puff y0cz8     
n.一口(气);一阵(风);v.喷气,喘气
参考例句:
  • He took a puff at his cigarette.他吸了一口香烟。
  • They tried their best to puff the book they published.他们尽力吹捧他们出版的书。
14 watchful tH9yX     
adj.注意的,警惕的
参考例句:
  • The children played under the watchful eye of their father.孩子们在父亲的小心照看下玩耍。
  • It is important that health organizations remain watchful.卫生组织保持警惕是极为重要的。
15 impersonal Ck6yp     
adj.无个人感情的,与个人无关的,非人称的
参考例句:
  • Even his children found him strangely distant and impersonal.他的孩子们也认为他跟其他人很疏远,没有人情味。
  • His manner seemed rather stiff and impersonal.他的态度似乎很生硬冷淡。
16 vertical ZiywU     
adj.垂直的,顶点的,纵向的;n.垂直物,垂直的位置
参考例句:
  • The northern side of the mountain is almost vertical.这座山的北坡几乎是垂直的。
  • Vertical air motions are not measured by this system.垂直气流的运动不用这种系统来测量。
17 disapproval VuTx4     
n.反对,不赞成
参考例句:
  • The teacher made an outward show of disapproval.老师表面上表示不同意。
  • They shouted their disapproval.他们喊叫表示反对。
18 doorway 2s0xK     
n.门口,(喻)入门;门路,途径
参考例句:
  • They huddled in the shop doorway to shelter from the rain.他们挤在商店门口躲雨。
  • Mary suddenly appeared in the doorway.玛丽突然出现在门口。
19 doorways 9f2a4f4f89bff2d72720b05d20d8f3d6     
n.门口,门道( doorway的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • The houses belched people; the doorways spewed out children. 从各家茅屋里涌出一堆一堆的人群,从门口蹦出一群一群小孩。 来自辞典例句
  • He rambled under the walls and doorways. 他就顺着墙根和门楼遛跶。 来自辞典例句
20 entirely entirely     
ad.全部地,完整地;完全地,彻底地
参考例句:
  • The fire was entirely caused by their neglect of duty. 那场火灾完全是由于他们失职而引起的。
  • His life was entirely given up to the educational work. 他的一生统统献给了教育工作。
21 precisely zlWzUb     
adv.恰好,正好,精确地,细致地
参考例句:
  • It's precisely that sort of slick sales-talk that I mistrust.我不相信的正是那种油腔滑调的推销宣传。
  • The man adjusted very precisely.那个人调得很准。
22 steadfastly xhKzcv     
adv.踏实地,不变地;岿然;坚定不渝
参考例句:
  • So he sat, with a steadfastly vacant gaze, pausing in his work. 他就像这样坐着,停止了工作,直勾勾地瞪着眼。 来自英汉文学 - 双城记
  • Defarge and his wife looked steadfastly at one another. 德伐日和他的妻子彼此凝视了一会儿。 来自英汉文学 - 双城记
23 immediate aapxh     
adj.立即的;直接的,最接近的;紧靠的
参考例句:
  • His immediate neighbours felt it their duty to call.他的近邻认为他们有责任去拜访。
  • We declared ourselves for the immediate convocation of the meeting.我们主张立即召开这个会议。
24 fully Gfuzd     
adv.完全地,全部地,彻底地;充分地
参考例句:
  • The doctor asked me to breathe in,then to breathe out fully.医生让我先吸气,然后全部呼出。
  • They soon became fully integrated into the local community.他们很快就完全融入了当地人的圈子。
25 antipathy vM6yb     
n.憎恶;反感,引起反感的人或事物
参考例句:
  • I feel an antipathy against their behaviour.我对他们的行为很反感。
  • Some people have an antipathy to cats.有的人讨厌猫。
26 extravagantly fcd90b89353afbdf23010caed26441f0     
adv.挥霍无度地
参考例句:
  • The Monroes continued to entertain extravagantly. 门罗一家继续大宴宾客。 来自辞典例句
  • New Grange is one of the most extravagantly decorated prehistoric tombs. 新格兰奇是装饰最豪华的史前陵墓之一。 来自辞典例句
27 overflowing df84dc195bce4a8f55eb873daf61b924     
n. 溢出物,溢流 adj. 充沛的,充满的 动词overflow的现在分词形式
参考例句:
  • The stands were overflowing with farm and sideline products. 集市上农副产品非常丰富。
  • The milk is overflowing. 牛奶溢出来了。
28 promising BkQzsk     
adj.有希望的,有前途的
参考例句:
  • The results of the experiments are very promising.实验的结果充满了希望。
  • We're trying to bring along one or two promising young swimmers.我们正设法培养出一两名有前途的年轻游泳选手。
29 yearning hezzPJ     
a.渴望的;向往的;怀念的
参考例句:
  • a yearning for a quiet life 对宁静生活的向往
  • He felt a great yearning after his old job. 他对过去的工作有一种强烈的渴想。
30 Oxford Wmmz0a     
n.牛津(英国城市)
参考例句:
  • At present he has become a Professor of Chemistry at Oxford.他现在已是牛津大学的化学教授了。
  • This is where the road to Oxford joins the road to London.这是去牛津的路与去伦敦的路的汇合处。
31 gateway GhFxY     
n.大门口,出入口,途径,方法
参考例句:
  • Hard work is the gateway to success.努力工作是通往成功之路。
  • A man collected tolls at the gateway.一个人在大门口收通行费。
32 westward XIvyz     
n.西方,西部;adj.西方的,向西的;adv.向西
参考例句:
  • We live on the westward slope of the hill.我们住在这座山的西山坡。
  • Explore westward or wherever.向西或到什么别的地方去勘探。
33 standing 2hCzgo     
n.持续,地位;adj.永久的,不动的,直立的,不流动的
参考例句:
  • After the earthquake only a few houses were left standing.地震过后只有几幢房屋还立着。
  • They're standing out against any change in the law.他们坚决反对对法律做任何修改。
34 effrontery F8xyC     
n.厚颜无耻
参考例句:
  • This is a despicable fraud . Just imagine that he has the effrontery to say it.这是一个可耻的骗局. 他竟然有脸说这样的话。
  • One could only gasp at the sheer effrontery of the man.那人十足的厚颜无耻让人们吃惊得无话可说。
35 melancholy t7rz8     
n.忧郁,愁思;adj.令人感伤(沮丧)的,忧郁的
参考例句:
  • All at once he fell into a state of profound melancholy.他立即陷入无尽的忧思之中。
  • He felt melancholy after he failed the exam.这次考试没通过,他感到很郁闷。
36 glimmer 5gTxU     
v.发出闪烁的微光;n.微光,微弱的闪光
参考例句:
  • I looked at her and felt a glimmer of hope.我注视她,感到了一线希望。
  • A glimmer of amusement showed in her eyes.她的眼中露出一丝笑意。
37 dabbling dfa8783c0be3c07392831d7e40cc10ee     
v.涉猎( dabble的现在分词 );涉足;浅尝;少量投资
参考例句:
  • She swims twice a week and has been dabbling in weight training. 她一周游两次泳,偶尔还练习一下举重。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • The boy is dabbling his hand in the water. 这孩子正用手玩水。 来自辞典例句
38 psychology U0Wze     
n.心理,心理学,心理状态
参考例句:
  • She has a background in child psychology.她受过儿童心理学的教育。
  • He studied philosophy and psychology at Cambridge.他在剑桥大学学习哲学和心理学。
39 refreshing HkozPQ     
adj.使精神振作的,使人清爽的,使人喜欢的
参考例句:
  • I find it'so refreshing to work with young people in this department.我发现和这一部门的青年一起工作令人精神振奋。
  • The water was cold and wonderfully refreshing.水很涼,特别解乏提神。
40 cremate tYwzF     
v.火葬,烧成灰
参考例句:
  • She wants Chris to be cremated.她想把克里斯的尸体火化。
  • Laowang explains: "Combustion is cremate, degenerating is inhumation. "老王解释道:“燃烧就是火葬,腐朽就是土葬。”
41 appraising 3285bf735793610b563b00c395ce6cc6     
v.估价( appraise的现在分词 );估计;估量;评价
参考例句:
  • At the appraising meeting, experts stated this method was superior to others. 鉴定会上,专家们指出这种方法优于其他方法。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
  • The teacher is appraising the students' work. 老师正在评定学生的作业。 来自辞典例句
42 canine Lceyb     
adj.犬的,犬科的
参考例句:
  • The fox is a canine animal.狐狸是犬科动物。
  • Herbivorous animals have very small canine teeth,or none.食草动物的犬牙很小或者没有。
43 helping 2rGzDc     
n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的,辅助的
参考例句:
  • The poor children regularly pony up for a second helping of my hamburger. 那些可怜的孩子们总是要求我把我的汉堡包再给他们一份。
  • By doing this, they may at times be helping to restore competition. 这样一来, 他在某些时候,有助于竞争的加强。
44 surgical 0hXzV3     
adj.外科的,外科医生的,手术上的
参考例句:
  • He performs the surgical operations at the Red Cross Hospital.他在红十字会医院做外科手术。
  • All surgical instruments must be sterilised before use.所有的外科手术器械在使用之前,必须消毒。
45 glimmers 31ee558956f925b5af287eeee5a2a321     
n.微光,闪光( glimmer的名词复数 )v.发闪光,发微光( glimmer的第三人称单数 )
参考例句:
  • A faint lamp glimmers at the end of the passage. 一盏昏暗的灯在走廊尽头发出微弱的光线。 来自互联网
  • The first glimmers of an export-led revival are apparent. 拉动出库复苏的第一缕曙光正出现。 来自互联网
46 severed 832a75b146a8d9eacac9030fd16c0222     
v.切断,断绝( sever的过去式和过去分词 );断,裂
参考例句:
  • The doctor said I'd severed a vessel in my leg. 医生说我割断了腿上的一根血管。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • We have severed diplomatic relations with that country. 我们与那个国家断绝了外交关系。 来自《简明英汉词典》
47 sever wTXzb     
v.切开,割开;断绝,中断
参考例句:
  • She wanted to sever all her connections with the firm.她想断绝和那家公司的所有联系。
  • We must never sever the cultural vein of our nation.我们不能割断民族的文化血脉。
48 arteries 821b60db0d5e4edc87fdf5fc263ba3f5     
n.动脉( artery的名词复数 );干线,要道
参考例句:
  • Even grafting new blood vessels in place of the diseased coronary arteries has been tried. 甚至移植新血管代替不健康的冠状动脉的方法都已经试过。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • This is the place where the three main arteries of West London traffic met. 这就是伦敦西部三条主要交通干线的交汇处。 来自《简明英汉词典》
49 veins 65827206226d9e2d78ea2bfe697c6329     
n.纹理;矿脉( vein的名词复数 );静脉;叶脉;纹理
参考例句:
  • The blood flows from the capillaries back into the veins. 血从毛细血管流回静脉。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • I felt a pleasant glow in all my veins from the wine. 喝过酒后我浑身的血都热烘烘的,感到很舒服。 来自《简明英汉词典》
50 smeared c767e97773b70cc726f08526efd20e83     
弄脏; 玷污; 涂抹; 擦上
参考例句:
  • The children had smeared mud on the walls. 那几个孩子往墙上抹了泥巴。
  • A few words were smeared. 有写字被涂模糊了。
51 skull CETyO     
n.头骨;颅骨
参考例句:
  • The skull bones fuse between the ages of fifteen and twenty-five.头骨在15至25岁之间长合。
  • He fell out of the window and cracked his skull.他从窗子摔了出去,跌裂了颅骨。
52 unlimited MKbzB     
adj.无限的,不受控制的,无条件的
参考例句:
  • They flew over the unlimited reaches of the Arctic.他们飞过了茫茫无边的北极上空。
  • There is no safety in unlimited technological hubris.在技术方面自以为是会很危险。
53 peculiar cinyo     
adj.古怪的,异常的;特殊的,特有的
参考例句:
  • He walks in a peculiar fashion.他走路的样子很奇特。
  • He looked at me with a very peculiar expression.他用一种很奇怪的表情看着我。
54 spinal KFczS     
adj.针的,尖刺的,尖刺状突起的;adj.脊骨的,脊髓的
参考例句:
  • After three days in Japan,the spinal column becomes extraordinarily flexible.在日本三天,就已经使脊椎骨变得富有弹性了。
  • Your spinal column is made up of 24 movable vertebrae.你的脊柱由24个活动的脊椎骨构成。
55 impaired sqtzdr     
adj.受损的;出毛病的;有(身体或智力)缺陷的v.损害,削弱( impair的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • Much reading has impaired his vision. 大量读书损害了他的视力。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
  • His hearing is somewhat impaired. 他的听觉已受到一定程度的损害。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
56 crammed e1bc42dc0400ef06f7a53f27695395ce     
adj.塞满的,挤满的;大口地吃;快速贪婪地吃v.把…塞满;填入;临时抱佛脚( cram的过去式)
参考例句:
  • He crammed eight people into his car. 他往他的车里硬塞进八个人。
  • All the shelves were crammed with books. 所有的架子上都堆满了书。
57 riddled f3814f0c535c32684c8d1f1e36ca329a     
adj.布满的;充斥的;泛滥的v.解谜,出谜题(riddle的过去分词形式)
参考例句:
  • The beams are riddled with woodworm. 这些木梁被蛀虫蛀得都是洞。
  • The bodies of the hostages were found riddled with bullets. 在人质的尸体上发现了很多弹孔。 来自《简明英汉词典》
58 repulsive RsNyx     
adj.排斥的,使人反感的
参考例句:
  • She found the idea deeply repulsive.她发现这个想法很恶心。
  • The repulsive force within the nucleus is enormous.核子内部的斥力是巨大的。
59 remains 1kMzTy     
n.剩余物,残留物;遗体,遗迹
参考例句:
  • He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
  • The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。
60 touching sg6zQ9     
adj.动人的,使人感伤的
参考例句:
  • It was a touching sight.这是一幅动人的景象。
  • His letter was touching.他的信很感人。
61 lighter 5pPzPR     
n.打火机,点火器;驳船;v.用驳船运送;light的比较级
参考例句:
  • The portrait was touched up so as to make it lighter.这张画经过润色,色调明朗了一些。
  • The lighter works off the car battery.引燃器利用汽车蓄电池打火。
62 vascular cidw6     
adj.血管的,脉管的
参考例句:
  • The mechanism of this anomalous vascular response is unknown.此种不规则的血管反应的机制尚不清楚。
  • The vascular changes interfere with diffusion of nutrients from plasma into adjacent perivascular tissue and cells.这些血管变化干扰了营养物质从血浆中向血管周围邻接的组织和细胞扩散。
63 derived 6cddb7353e699051a384686b6b3ff1e2     
vi.起源;由来;衍生;导出v.得到( derive的过去式和过去分词 );(从…中)得到获得;源于;(从…中)提取
参考例句:
  • Many English words are derived from Latin and Greek. 英语很多词源出于拉丁文和希腊文。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • He derived his enthusiasm for literature from his father. 他对文学的爱好是受他父亲的影响。 来自《简明英汉词典》
64 jugular oaLzM     
n.颈静脉
参考例句:
  • He always goes for the jugular.他总是直奔要害而去。
  • Bilateral internal jugular vein stenting is also a rare procedure.两侧内颈静脉支架置放术也是少见的技术。
65 jugulars ed2275dba62635abf505281ec9e03291     
n.颈静脉( jugular的名词复数 )
参考例句:
66 dissect 3tNxQ     
v.分割;解剖
参考例句:
  • In biology class we had to dissect a frog.上生物课时我们得解剖青蛙。
  • Not everyone can dissect and digest the public information they receive.不是每个人都可以解析和消化他们得到的公共信息的。
67 hitch UcGxu     
v.免费搭(车旅行);系住;急提;n.故障;急拉
参考例句:
  • They had an eighty-mile journey and decided to hitch hike.他们要走80英里的路程,最后决定搭便车。
  • All the candidates are able to answer the questions without any hitch.所有报考者都能对答如流。
68 delightful 6xzxT     
adj.令人高兴的,使人快乐的
参考例句:
  • We had a delightful time by the seashore last Sunday.上星期天我们在海滨玩得真痛快。
  • Peter played a delightful melody on his flute.彼得用笛子吹奏了一支欢快的曲子。
69 prospect P01zn     
n.前景,前途;景色,视野
参考例句:
  • This state of things holds out a cheerful prospect.事态呈现出可喜的前景。
  • The prospect became more evident.前景变得更加明朗了。
70 regain YkYzPd     
vt.重新获得,收复,恢复
参考例句:
  • He is making a bid to regain his World No.1 ranking.他正为重登世界排名第一位而努力。
  • The government is desperate to regain credibility with the public.政府急于重新获取公众的信任。
71 encumbrances 3d79fb1bd2f6cee8adfa5fece9c01c50     
n.负担( encumbrance的名词复数 );累赘;妨碍;阻碍
参考例句:
  • All encumbrances were cleared out for dancing. 为了跳舞,所有碍手碍脚的东西都被清理出去了。 来自辞典例句
  • If he wanted to get away, he had better leave these encumbrances behind. 他要打算逃命,还是得放弃这几个累赘。 来自汉英文学 - 骆驼祥子
72 vault 3K3zW     
n.拱形圆顶,地窖,地下室
参考例句:
  • The vault of this cathedral is very high.这座天主教堂的拱顶非常高。
  • The old patrician was buried in the family vault.这位老贵族埋在家族的墓地里。
73 shrugged 497904474a48f991a3d1961b0476ebce     
vt.耸肩(shrug的过去式与过去分词形式)
参考例句:
  • Sam shrugged and said nothing. 萨姆耸耸肩膀,什么也没说。
  • She shrugged, feigning nonchalance. 她耸耸肩,装出一副无所谓的样子。 来自《简明英汉词典》
74 infiltrate IbBzb     
vt./vi.渗入,透过;浸润
参考例句:
  • The teacher tried to infiltrate her ideas into the children's minds.老师设法把她的思想渗透到孩子们的心中。
  • It can infiltrate as much as 100 kilometers into enemy territory at night.可以在夜间深入敌领土100千米。
75 clot nWEyr     
n.凝块;v.使凝成块
参考例句:
  • Platelets are one of the components required to make blood clot.血小板是血液凝固的必须成分之一。
  • The patient's blood refused to clot.病人的血液无法凝结。
76 bastard MuSzK     
n.坏蛋,混蛋;私生子
参考例句:
  • He was never concerned about being born a bastard.他从不介意自己是私生子。
  • There was supposed to be no way to get at the bastard.据说没有办法买通那个混蛋。
77 recollect eUOxl     
v.回忆,想起,记起,忆起,记得
参考例句:
  • He tried to recollect things and drown himself in them.他极力回想过去的事情而沉浸于回忆之中。
  • She could not recollect being there.她回想不起曾经到过那儿。
78 laymen 4eba2aede66235aa178de00c37728cba     
门外汉,外行人( layman的名词复数 ); 普通教徒(有别于神职人员)
参考例句:
  • a book written for professionals and laymen alike 一本内行外行都可以读的书
  • Avoid computer jargon when you write for laymen. 写东西给一般人看时,应避免使用电脑术语。
79 neatly ynZzBp     
adv.整洁地,干净地,灵巧地,熟练地
参考例句:
  • Sailors know how to wind up a long rope neatly.水手们知道怎样把一条大绳利落地缠好。
  • The child's dress is neatly gathered at the neck.那孩子的衣服在领口处打着整齐的皱褶。
80 tricky 9fCzyd     
adj.狡猾的,奸诈的;(工作等)棘手的,微妙的
参考例句:
  • I'm in a rather tricky position.Can you help me out?我的处境很棘手,你能帮我吗?
  • He avoided this tricky question and talked in generalities.他回避了这个非常微妙的问题,只做了个笼统的表述。
81 underneath VKRz2     
adj.在...下面,在...底下;adv.在下面
参考例句:
  • Working underneath the car is always a messy job.在汽车底下工作是件脏活。
  • She wore a coat with a dress underneath.她穿着一件大衣,里面套着一条连衣裙。
82 lengthy f36yA     
adj.漫长的,冗长的
参考例句:
  • We devoted a lengthy and full discussion to this topic.我们对这个题目进行了长时间的充分讨论。
  • The professor wrote a lengthy book on Napoleon.教授写了一部有关拿破仑的巨著。
83 severing 03ba12fb016b421f1fdaea1351e38cb3     
v.切断,断绝( sever的现在分词 );断,裂
参考例句:
  • The death of a second parent is like severing an umbilical cord to our past. 父母当中第二个人去世,就象斩断了把我们同过去联在一起的纽带。 来自辞典例句
  • The severing theory and severing method for brittle block are studied. 研究裂纹技术应用于分离脆性块体的分离理论和分离方法。 来自互联网
84 vessels fc9307c2593b522954eadb3ee6c57480     
n.血管( vessel的名词复数 );船;容器;(具有特殊品质或接受特殊品质的)人
参考例句:
  • The river is navigable by vessels of up to 90 tons. 90 吨以下的船只可以从这条河通过。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • All modern vessels of any size are fitted with radar installations. 所有现代化船只都有雷达装置。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
85 proceeding Vktzvu     
n.行动,进行,(pl.)会议录,学报
参考例句:
  • This train is now proceeding from Paris to London.这次列车从巴黎开往伦敦。
  • The work is proceeding briskly.工作很有生气地进展着。
86 socket jw9wm     
n.窝,穴,孔,插座,插口
参考例句:
  • He put the electric plug into the socket.他把电插头插入插座。
  • The battery charger plugs into any mains socket.这个电池充电器可以插入任何类型的电源插座。
87 apparatus ivTzx     
n.装置,器械;器具,设备
参考例句:
  • The school's audio apparatus includes films and records.学校的视听设备包括放映机和录音机。
  • They had a very refined apparatus.他们有一套非常精良的设备。
88 mechanism zCWxr     
n.机械装置;机构,结构
参考例句:
  • The bones and muscles are parts of the mechanism of the body.骨骼和肌肉是人体的组成部件。
  • The mechanism of the machine is very complicated.这台机器的结构是非常复杂的。
89 chisel mr8zU     
n.凿子;v.用凿子刻,雕,凿
参考例句:
  • This chisel is useful for getting into awkward spaces.这凿子在要伸入到犄角儿里时十分有用。
  • Camille used a hammer and chisel to carve out a figure from the marble.卡米尔用锤子和凿子将大理石雕刻出一个人像。
90 lobes fe8c3178c8180f03dd0fc8ae16f13e3c     
n.耳垂( lobe的名词复数 );(器官的)叶;肺叶;脑叶
参考例句:
  • The rotor has recesses in its three faces between the lobes. 转子在其凸角之间的三个面上有凹槽。 来自辞典例句
  • The chalazal parts of the endosperm containing free nuclei forms several lobes. 包含游离核的合点端胚乳部分形成几个裂片。 来自辞典例句
91 apparently tMmyQ     
adv.显然地;表面上,似乎
参考例句:
  • An apparently blind alley leads suddenly into an open space.山穷水尽,豁然开朗。
  • He was apparently much surprised at the news.他对那个消息显然感到十分惊异。
92 serenity fEzzz     
n.宁静,沉着,晴朗
参考例句:
  • Her face,though sad,still evoked a feeling of serenity.她的脸色虽然悲伤,但仍使人感觉安详。
  • She escaped to the comparative serenity of the kitchen.她逃到相对安静的厨房里。
93 attained 1f2c1bee274e81555decf78fe9b16b2f     
(通常经过努力)实现( attain的过去式和过去分词 ); 达到; 获得; 达到(某年龄、水平、状况)
参考例句:
  • She has attained the degree of Master of Arts. 她已获得文学硕士学位。
  • Lu Hsun attained a high position in the republic of letters. 鲁迅在文坛上获得崇高的地位。
94 frustration 4hTxj     
n.挫折,失败,失效,落空
参考例句:
  • He had to fight back tears of frustration.他不得不强忍住失意的泪水。
  • He beat his hands on the steering wheel in frustration.他沮丧地用手打了几下方向盘。
95 deterioration yvvxj     
n.退化;恶化;变坏
参考例句:
  • Mental and physical deterioration both occur naturally with age. 随着年龄的增长,心智和体力自然衰退。
  • The car's bodywork was already showing signs of deterioration. 这辆车的车身已经显示出了劣化迹象。
96 impurities 2626a6dbfe6f229f6e1c36f702812675     
不纯( impurity的名词复数 ); 不洁; 淫秽; 杂质
参考例句:
  • A filter will remove most impurities found in water. 过滤器会滤掉水中的大部分杂质。
  • Oil is refined to remove naturally occurring impurities. 油经过提炼去除天然存在的杂质。
97 faculties 066198190456ba4e2b0a2bda2034dfc5     
n.能力( faculty的名词复数 );全体教职员;技巧;院
参考例句:
  • Although he's ninety, his mental faculties remain unimpaired. 他虽年届九旬,但头脑仍然清晰。
  • All your faculties have come into play in your work. 在你的工作中,你的全部才能已起到了作用。 来自《简明英汉词典》
98 monstrous vwFyM     
adj.巨大的;恐怖的;可耻的,丢脸的
参考例句:
  • The smoke began to whirl and grew into a monstrous column.浓烟开始盘旋上升,形成了一个巨大的烟柱。
  • Your behaviour in class is monstrous!你在课堂上的行为真是丢人!
99 hysterical 7qUzmE     
adj.情绪异常激动的,歇斯底里般的
参考例句:
  • He is hysterical at the sight of the photo.他一看到那张照片就异常激动。
  • His hysterical laughter made everybody stunned.他那歇斯底里的笑声使所有的人不知所措。
100 delusion x9uyf     
n.谬见,欺骗,幻觉,迷惑
参考例句:
  • He is under the delusion that he is Napoleon.他患了妄想症,认为自己是拿破仑。
  • I was under the delusion that he intended to marry me.我误认为他要娶我。
101 itching wqnzVZ     
adj.贪得的,痒的,渴望的v.发痒( itch的现在分词 )
参考例句:
  • The itching was almost more than he could stand. 他痒得几乎忍不住了。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
  • My nose is itching. 我的鼻子发痒。 来自《简明英汉词典》
102 forth Hzdz2     
adv.向前;向外,往外
参考例句:
  • The wind moved the trees gently back and forth.风吹得树轻轻地来回摇晃。
  • He gave forth a series of works in rapid succession.他很快连续发表了一系列的作品。
103 premise JtYyy     
n.前提;v.提论,预述
参考例句:
  • Let me premise my argument with a bit of history.让我引述一些史实作为我立论的前提。
  • We can deduce a conclusion from the premise.我们可以从这个前提推出结论。
104 aspirin 4yszpM     
n.阿司匹林
参考例句:
  • The aspirin seems to quiet the headache.阿司匹林似乎使头痛减轻了。
  • She went into a chemist's and bought some aspirin.她进了一家药店,买了些阿司匹林。
105 cramp UoczE     
n.痉挛;[pl.](腹)绞痛;vt.限制,束缚
参考例句:
  • Winston stopped writing,partly because he was suffering from cramp.温斯顿驻了笔,手指也写麻了。
  • The swimmer was seized with a cramp and had to be helped out of the water.那个在游泳的人突然抽起筋来,让别人帮着上了岸。
106 horrid arozZj     
adj.可怕的;令人惊恐的;恐怖的;极讨厌的
参考例句:
  • I'm not going to the horrid dinner party.我不打算去参加这次讨厌的宴会。
  • The medicine is horrid and she couldn't get it down.这种药很难吃,她咽不下去。
107 lucid B8Zz8     
adj.明白易懂的,清晰的,头脑清楚的
参考例句:
  • His explanation was lucid and to the point.他的解释扼要易懂。
  • He wasn't very lucid,he didn't quite know where he was.他神志不是很清醒,不太知道自己在哪里。
108 prodigious C1ZzO     
adj.惊人的,奇妙的;异常的;巨大的;庞大的
参考例句:
  • This business generates cash in prodigious amounts.这种业务收益丰厚。
  • He impressed all who met him with his prodigious memory.他惊人的记忆力让所有见过他的人都印象深刻。
109 alas Rx8z1     
int.唉(表示悲伤、忧愁、恐惧等)
参考例句:
  • Alas!The window is broken!哎呀!窗子破了!
  • Alas,the truth is less romantic.然而,真理很少带有浪漫色彩。
110 scribble FDxyY     
v.潦草地书写,乱写,滥写;n.潦草的写法,潦草写成的东西,杂文
参考例句:
  • She can't write yet,but she loves to scribble with a pencil.她现在还不会写字,但她喜欢用铅笔乱涂。
  • I can't read this scribble.我看不懂这种潦草的字。
111 cocktails a8cac8f94e713cc85d516a6e94112418     
n.鸡尾酒( cocktail的名词复数 );餐前开胃菜;混合物
参考例句:
  • Come about 4 o'clock. We'll have cocktails and grill steaks. 请四点钟左右来,我们喝鸡尾酒,吃烤牛排。 来自辞典例句
  • Cocktails were a nasty American habit. 喝鸡尾酒是讨厌的美国习惯。 来自辞典例句
112 pastry Q3ozx     
n.油酥面团,酥皮糕点
参考例句:
  • The cook pricked a few holes in the pastry.厨师在馅饼上戳了几个洞。
  • The pastry crust was always underdone.馅饼的壳皮常常烤得不透。
113 lipstick o0zxg     
n.口红,唇膏
参考例句:
  • Taking out her lipstick,she began to paint her lips.她拿出口红,开始往嘴唇上抹。
  • Lipstick and hair conditioner are cosmetics.口红和护发素都是化妆品。
114 nostrils 23a65b62ec4d8a35d85125cdb1b4410e     
鼻孔( nostril的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • Her nostrils flared with anger. 她气得两个鼻孔都鼓了起来。
  • The horse dilated its nostrils. 马张大鼻孔。
115 shudders 7a8459ee756ecff6a63e8a61f9289613     
n.颤动,打颤,战栗( shudder的名词复数 )v.战栗( shudder的第三人称单数 );发抖;(机器、车辆等)突然震动;颤动
参考例句:
  • It gives me the shudders. ((口语))它使我战栗。 来自辞典例句
  • The ghastly sight gave him the shudders. 那恐怖的景象使他感到恐惧。 来自辞典例句
116 inhaling 20098cce0f51e7ae5171c97d7853194a     
v.吸入( inhale的现在分词 )
参考例句:
  • He was treated for the effects of inhaling smoke. 他因吸入烟尘而接受治疗。 来自辞典例句
  • The long-term effects of inhaling contaminated air is unknown. 长期吸入被污染空气的影响还无从知晓。 来自互联网
117 lustrous JAbxg     
adj.有光泽的;光辉的
参考例句:
  • Mary has a head of thick,lustrous,wavy brown hair.玛丽有一头浓密、富有光泽的褐色鬈发。
  • This mask definitely makes the skin fair and lustrous.这款面膜可以异常有用的使肌肤变亮和有光泽。
118 crouching crouching     
v.屈膝,蹲伏( crouch的现在分词 )
参考例句:
  • a hulking figure crouching in the darkness 黑暗中蹲伏着的一个庞大身影
  • A young man was crouching by the table, busily searching for something. 一个年轻人正蹲在桌边翻看什么。 来自汉英文学 - 散文英译
119 defiantly defiantly     
adv.挑战地,大胆对抗地
参考例句:
  • Braving snow and frost, the plum trees blossomed defiantly. 红梅傲雪凌霜开。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
  • She tilted her chin at him defiantly. 她向他翘起下巴表示挑衅。 来自《简明英汉词典》
120 disapprove 9udx3     
v.不赞成,不同意,不批准
参考例句:
  • I quite disapprove of his behaviour.我很不赞同他的行为。
  • She wants to train for the theatre but her parents disapprove.她想训练自己做戏剧演员,但她的父母不赞成。
121 disapproved 3ee9b7bf3f16130a59cb22aafdea92d0     
v.不赞成( disapprove的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • My parents disapproved of my marriage. 我父母不赞成我的婚事。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • She disapproved of her son's indiscriminate television viewing. 她不赞成儿子不加选择地收看电视。 来自《简明英汉词典》
122 disapprover fe4ea758a2da7e75f3edad790d7de928     
vi.不赞成vt.反对,否决;持相反的意见
参考例句:
  • She wants to be an actress, but her parents disapprove. 她想当演员,可是她父母不同意。
  • He would doubtless disapprove of what Kelly was doing. 他不会赞同凯利做的事。
123 courteous tooz2     
adj.彬彬有礼的,客气的
参考例句:
  • Although she often disagreed with me,she was always courteous.尽管她常常和我意见不一,但她总是很谦恭有礼。
  • He was a kind and courteous man.他为人友善,而且彬彬有礼。
124 smoothly iiUzLG     
adv.平滑地,顺利地,流利地,流畅地
参考例句:
  • The workmen are very cooperative,so the work goes on smoothly.工人们十分合作,所以工作进展顺利。
  • Just change one or two words and the sentence will read smoothly.这句话只要动一两个字就顺了。
125 meek x7qz9     
adj.温顺的,逆来顺受的
参考例句:
  • He expects his wife to be meek and submissive.他期望妻子温顺而且听他摆布。
  • The little girl is as meek as a lamb.那个小姑娘像羔羊一般温顺。
126 sullen kHGzl     
adj.愠怒的,闷闷不乐的,(天气等)阴沉的
参考例句:
  • He looked up at the sullen sky.他抬头看了一眼阴沉的天空。
  • Susan was sullen in the morning because she hadn't slept well.苏珊今天早上郁闷不乐,因为昨晚没睡好。
127 sagged 4efd2c4ac7fe572508b0252e448a38d0     
下垂的
参考例句:
  • The black reticule sagged under the weight of shapeless objects. 黑色的拎包由于装了各种形状的东西而中间下陷。
  • He sagged wearily back in his chair. 他疲倦地瘫坐到椅子上。
128 ushered d337b3442ea0cc4312a5950ae8911282     
v.引,领,陪同( usher的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • The secretary ushered me into his office. 秘书把我领进他的办公室。
  • A round of parties ushered in the New Year. 一系列的晚会迎来了新年。 来自《简明英汉词典》
129 enamel jZ4zF     
n.珐琅,搪瓷,瓷釉;(牙齿的)珐琅质
参考例句:
  • I chipped the enamel on my front tooth when I fell over.我跌倒时门牙的珐琅质碰碎了。
  • He collected coloured enamel bowls from Yugoslavia.他藏有来自南斯拉夫的彩色搪瓷碗。
130 rhythmic rXexv     
adj.有节奏的,有韵律的
参考例句:
  • Her breathing became more rhythmic.她的呼吸变得更有规律了。
  • Good breathing is slow,rhythmic and deep.健康的呼吸方式缓慢深沉而有节奏。
131 ridges 9198b24606843d31204907681f48436b     
n.脊( ridge的名词复数 );山脊;脊状突起;大气层的)高压脊
参考例句:
  • The path winds along mountain ridges. 峰回路转。
  • Perhaps that was the deepest truth in Ridges's nature. 在里奇斯的思想上,这大概可以算是天经地义第一条了。
132 creases adfbf37b33b2c1e375b9697e49eb1ec1     
(使…)起折痕,弄皱( crease的第三人称单数 ); (皮肤)皱起,使起皱纹
参考例句:
  • She smoothed the creases out of her skirt. 她把裙子上的皱褶弄平。
  • She ironed out all the creases in the shirt. 她熨平了衬衣上的所有皱褶。
133 walnut wpTyQ     
n.胡桃,胡桃木,胡桃色,茶色
参考例句:
  • Walnut is a local specialty here.核桃是此地的土特产。
  • The stool comes in several sizes in walnut or mahogany.凳子有几种尺寸,材质分胡桃木和红木两种。
134 throb aIrzV     
v.震颤,颤动;(急速强烈地)跳动,搏动
参考例句:
  • She felt her heart give a great throb.她感到自己的心怦地跳了一下。
  • The drums seemed to throb in his ears.阵阵鼓声彷佛在他耳边震响。
135 unison gKCzB     
n.步调一致,行动一致
参考例句:
  • The governments acted in unison to combat terrorism.这些国家的政府一致行动对付恐怖主义。
  • My feelings are in unison with yours.我的感情与你的感情是一致的。
136 fixed JsKzzj     
adj.固定的,不变的,准备好的;(计算机)固定的
参考例句:
  • Have you two fixed on a date for the wedding yet?你们俩选定婚期了吗?
  • Once the aim is fixed,we should not change it arbitrarily.目标一旦确定,我们就不应该随意改变。
137 intensity 45Ixd     
n.强烈,剧烈;强度;烈度
参考例句:
  • I didn't realize the intensity of people's feelings on this issue.我没有意识到这一问题能引起群情激奋。
  • The strike is growing in intensity.罢工日益加剧。
138 transparent Smhwx     
adj.明显的,无疑的;透明的
参考例句:
  • The water is so transparent that we can see the fishes swimming.水清澈透明,可以看到鱼儿游来游去。
  • The window glass is transparent.窗玻璃是透明的。
139 iris Ekly8     
n.虹膜,彩虹
参考例句:
  • The opening of the iris is called the pupil.虹膜的开口处叫做瞳孔。
  • This incredible human eye,complete with retina and iris,can be found in the Maldives.又是在马尔代夫,有这样一只难以置信的眼睛,连视网膜和虹膜都刻画齐全了。
140 streaks a961fa635c402b4952940a0218464c02     
n.(与周围有所不同的)条纹( streak的名词复数 );(通常指不好的)特征(倾向);(不断经历成功或失败的)一段时期v.快速移动( streak的第三人称单数 );使布满条纹
参考例句:
  • streaks of grey in her hair 她头上的绺绺白发
  • Bacon has streaks of fat and streaks of lean. 咸肉中有几层肥的和几层瘦的。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
141 kindly tpUzhQ     
adj.和蔼的,温和的,爽快的;adv.温和地,亲切地
参考例句:
  • Her neighbours spoke of her as kindly and hospitable.她的邻居都说她和蔼可亲、热情好客。
  • A shadow passed over the kindly face of the old woman.一道阴影掠过老太太慈祥的面孔。
142 perfectly 8Mzxb     
adv.完美地,无可非议地,彻底地
参考例句:
  • The witnesses were each perfectly certain of what they said.证人们个个对自己所说的话十分肯定。
  • Everything that we're doing is all perfectly above board.我们做的每件事情都是光明正大的。
143 intriguing vqyzM1     
adj.有趣的;迷人的v.搞阴谋诡计(intrigue的现在分词);激起…的好奇心
参考例句:
  • These discoveries raise intriguing questions. 这些发现带来了非常有趣的问题。
  • It all sounds very intriguing. 这些听起来都很有趣。 来自《简明英汉词典》
144 pulpy 0c94b3c743a7f83fc4c966269f8f4b4e     
果肉状的,多汁的,柔软的; 烂糊; 稀烂
参考例句:
  • The bean like seeds of this plant, enclosed within a pulpy fruit. 被包在肉质果实内的这种植物的豆样种子。
  • Her body felt bruised, her lips pulpy and tender. 她的身体感觉碰伤了,她的嘴唇柔软娇嫩。
145 placidly c0c28951cb36e0d70b9b64b1d177906e     
adv.平稳地,平静地
参考例句:
  • Hurstwood stood placidly by, while the car rolled back into the yard. 当车子开回场地时,赫斯渥沉着地站在一边。 来自英汉文学 - 嘉莉妹妹
  • The water chestnut floated placidly there, where it would grow. 那棵菱角就又安安稳稳浮在水面上生长去了。 来自汉英文学 - 中国现代小说
146 disapproving bddf29198e28ab64a272563d29c1f915     
adj.不满的,反对的v.不赞成( disapprove的现在分词 )
参考例句:
  • Mother gave me a disapproving look. 母亲的眼神告诉我她是不赞成的。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Her father threw a disapproving glance at her. 她父亲不满地瞥了她一眼。 来自《简明英汉词典》
147 soothing soothing     
adj.慰藉的;使人宽心的;镇静的
参考例句:
  • Put on some nice soothing music.播放一些柔和舒缓的音乐。
  • His casual, relaxed manner was very soothing.他随意而放松的举动让人很快便平静下来。
148 interfere b5lx0     
v.(in)干涉,干预;(with)妨碍,打扰
参考例句:
  • If we interfere, it may do more harm than good.如果我们干预的话,可能弊多利少。
  • When others interfere in the affair,it always makes troubles. 别人一卷入这一事件,棘手的事情就来了。
149 puffing b3a737211571a681caa80669a39d25d3     
v.使喷出( puff的现在分词 );喷着汽(或烟)移动;吹嘘;吹捧
参考例句:
  • He was puffing hard when he jumped on to the bus. 他跳上公共汽车时喘息不已。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
  • My father sat puffing contentedly on his pipe. 父亲坐着心满意足地抽着烟斗。 来自《简明英汉词典》
150 pinpoint xNExL     
vt.准确地确定;用针标出…的精确位置
参考例句:
  • It is difficult to pinpoint when water problems of the modern age began.很难准确地指出,现代用水的问题是什么时候出现的。
  • I could pinpoint his precise location on a map.我能在地图上指明他的准确位置。
151 deliberately Gulzvq     
adv.审慎地;蓄意地;故意地
参考例句:
  • The girl gave the show away deliberately.女孩故意泄露秘密。
  • They deliberately shifted off the argument.他们故意回避这个论点。
152 inhaled 1072d9232d676d367b2f48410158ae32     
v.吸入( inhale的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • She closed her eyes and inhaled deeply. 她合上双眼,深深吸了一口气。
  • Janet inhaled sharply when she saw him. 珍妮特看到他时猛地吸了口气。 来自《简明英汉词典》
153 whoosh go7yy     
v.飞快地移动,呼
参考例句:
  • It goes whoosh up and whoosh down.它呼一下上来了,呼一下又下去了。
  • Whoosh!The straw house falls down.呼!稻草房子倒了。
154 enveloping 5a761040aff524df1fe0cf8895ed619d     
v.包围,笼罩,包住( envelop的现在分词 )
参考例句:
  • Always the eyes watching you and the voice enveloping you. 那眼睛总是死死盯着你,那声音总是紧紧围着你。 来自英汉文学
  • The only barrier was a mosquito net, enveloping the entire bed. 唯一的障碍是那顶蚊帐罩住整个床。 来自辞典例句
155 tuned b40b43fd5af2db4fbfeb4e83856e4876     
adj.调谐的,已调谐的v.调音( tune的过去式和过去分词 );调整;(给收音机、电视等)调谐;使协调
参考例句:
  • The resort is tuned in to the tastes of young and old alike. 这个度假胜地适合各种口味,老少皆宜。
  • The instruments should be tuned up before each performance. 每次演出开始前都应将乐器调好音。 来自《简明英汉词典》
156 severely SiCzmk     
adv.严格地;严厉地;非常恶劣地
参考例句:
  • He was severely criticized and removed from his post.他受到了严厉的批评并且被撤了职。
  • He is severely put down for his careless work.他因工作上的粗心大意而受到了严厉的批评。


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