Chapter 8

1. The highest excellence¹ is like (that of) water. The excellence of water appears in its benefiting all things, and in its occupying, without striving (to the contrary), the low place which all men dislike. Hence (its way) is near to (that of) the Tao.

2. The excellence of a residence is in (the suitability of) the place; that of the mind is in abysmal² stillness; that of associations is in their being with the virtuous³; that of government is in its securing good order; that of (the conduct of) affairs is in its ability; and that of (the initiation⁴ of) any movement is in its timeliness.

3. And when (one with the highest excellence) does not wrangle⁵ (about his low position), no one finds fault with him.

　　上善若水。水善利万物而不爭，處眾人之所惡，故几于道。
　　居善地，心善淵，与善仁，言善信，政善治，事善能，動善時。
    夫唯不爭，故無尤。

【译文】
      上好的行为典范就像水一样。水，善于利导万物而不与之争，处守于众人所不愿处的低下处，所以，接近于道。
       水，居处善于择下而居，存心幽深而明澈，交游共处谐和相亲，言行表里如一，公共关系易于清静太平，办事能干，行动善于应机顺势而行。正因为水总是利导万物而不与之争，所以，它很少患过失。

1 excellence   

n.优秀，杰出，(pl.)优点，美德

参考例句：

• His art has reached a high degree of excellence.他的艺术已达到炉火纯青的地步。
• My performance is far below excellence.我的表演离优秀还差得远呢。

2 abysmal   

adj.无底的，深不可测的，极深的；糟透的，极坏的；完全的

参考例句：

• The film was so abysmal that I fell asleep.电影太糟糕，看得我睡着了。
• There is a historic explanation for the abysmal state of Chinese cuisine in the United States.中餐在美国的糟糕状态可以从历史上找原因。

3 virtuous   

adj.有品德的，善良的，贞洁的，有效力的

参考例句：

• She was such a virtuous woman that everybody respected her.她是个有道德的女性，人人都尊敬她。
• My uncle is always proud of having a virtuous wife.叔叔一直为娶到一位贤德的妻子而骄傲。

4 initiation   

n.开始

参考例句：

• her initiation into the world of marketing 她的初次涉足营销界
• It was my initiation into the world of high fashion. 这是我初次涉足高级时装界。

5 wrangle   

vi.争吵

参考例句：

• I don't want to get into a wrangle with the committee.我不想同委员会发生争执。
• The two countries fell out in a bitter wrangle over imports.这两个国家在有关进口问题的激烈争吵中闹翻了。