Chapter 11

The thirty spokes¹ unite in the one nave²; but it is on the empty space (for the axle), that the use of the wheel depends. Clay is fashioned into vessels³; but it is on their empty hollowness, that their use depends. The door and windows are cut out (from the walls) to form an apartment; but it is on the empty space (within), that its use depends. Therefore, what has a (positive) existence serves for profitable adaptation, and what has not that for (actual) usefulness.

　　三十輻，共一轂，當其無，有車之用。
　　埏埴以為器，當其無，有器之用。
　　鑿戶牖以為室，當其無，有室之用。
　　故有之以為利，無之以為用。

【译文】
       三十根辐条汇集于车毂而造车，有了其中的虚空，才发挥了车的作用；糅和陶土制作器皿，有了器皿内的虚空，才发挥了器皿的作用；开凿门窗建造房屋，有了门窗四壁内的虚空，才发挥了房屋的作用。所以，"有"之所以能给人以便利，是因为它营造的"无"发挥了作用。

1 spokes   

n.（车轮的）辐条( spoke的名词复数 )；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动

参考例句：

• Her baby caught his fingers in the spokes of the pram wheel. 她宝宝的手指被婴儿车轮的辐条卡住了。 来自辞典例句
• The new edges are called the spokes of the wheel. 新的边称为轮的辐。 来自辞典例句

2 nave   

n.教堂的中部；本堂

参考例句：

• People gathered in the nave of the house.人们聚拢在房子的中间。
• The family on the other side of the nave had a certain look about them,too.在中殿另一边的那一家人，也有着自己特有的相貌。

3 vessels   

n.血管( vessel的名词复数 )；船；容器；（具有特殊品质或接受特殊品质的）人

参考例句：

• The river is navigable by vessels of up to 90 tons. 90 吨以下的船只可以从这条河通过。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• All modern vessels of any size are fitted with radar installations. 所有现代化船只都有雷达装置。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》