Chapter 76

1. Man at his birth is supple¹ and weak; at his death, firm and strong. (So it is with) all things. Trees and plants, in their early growth, are soft and brittle²; at their death, dry and withered³.

2. Thus it is that firmness and strength are the concomitants of death; softness and weakness, the concomitants of life.

3. Hence he who (relies on) the strength of his forces does not conquer; and a tree which is strong will fill the out-stretched arms, (and thereby⁴ invites the feller.)

4. Therefore the place of what is firm and strong is below, and that of what is soft and weak is above.

       人之生也柔弱，其死也坚强；
       草木之生也柔脆，其死也枯槁。
       故坚强者死之徒，柔弱者生之徒。
       是以兵强则灭，木强则折。
       强大处下，柔弱处上。

【译文】
       人活着的时候身体柔弱灵动，死了以后身体就变得顽固强硬；草木生长的时候枝干柔嫩，死了以后就变得枯槁。所以，顽固强硬是速死之道，柔弱灵动是生长之道。因此，国家肌体中军兵过强就会走向灭亡，植株体系中树枝过硬就会遭致摧折。顽固强硬处于劣势，柔弱灵动处于优势。

1 supple   

adj.柔软的，易弯的，逢迎的，顺从的，灵活的；vt.使柔软，使柔顺，使顺从；vi.变柔软，变柔顺

参考例句：

• She gets along well with people because of her supple nature.她与大家相处很好，因为她的天性柔和。
• He admired the graceful and supple movements of the dancers.他赞扬了舞蹈演员优雅灵巧的舞姿。

2 brittle   

adj.易碎的；脆弱的；冷淡的；(声音)尖利的

参考例句：

• The pond was covered in a brittle layer of ice.池塘覆盖了一层易碎的冰。
• She gave a brittle laugh.她冷淡地笑了笑。

3 withered   

adj. 枯萎的，干瘪的，（人身体的部分器官）因病萎缩的或未发育良好的 动词wither的过去式和过去分词形式

参考例句：

• The grass had withered in the warm sun. 这些草在温暖的阳光下枯死了。
• The leaves of this tree have become dry and withered. 这棵树下的叶子干枯了。

4 thereby   

adv.因此，从而

参考例句：

• I have never been to that city,,ereby I don't know much about it.我从未去过那座城市，因此对它不怎么熟悉。
• He became a British citizen,thereby gaining the right to vote.他成了英国公民，因而得到了投票权。