Chapter 4

    The Master said, "It is virtuous¹ manners which constitute the excellenceof a neighborhood. If a man in selecting a residence do not fix onone where such prevail, how can he be wise?"The Master said, "Those who are without virtue² cannot abide³ long eitherin a condition of poverty and hardship, or in a condition of enjoyment⁴.

　　The virtuous rest in virtue; the wise desire virtue."The Master said, "It is only the truly virtuous man, who can love,or who can hate, others."The Master said, "If the will be set on virtue, there will be no practiceof wickedness."The Master said, "Riches and honors are what men desire. If they cannotbe obtained in the proper way, they should not be held. Poverty andmeanness are what men dislike. If they cannot be avoided in the properway, they should not be avoided.

　　"If a superior man abandon virtue, how can he fulfill⁵ the requirementsof that name?

　　"The superior man does not, even for the space of a single meal, actcontrary to virtue. In moments of haste, he cleaves⁶ to it. In seasonsof danger, he cleaves to it."The Master said, "I have not seen a person who loved virtue, or onewho hated what was not virtuous. He who loved virtue, would esteemnothing above it. He who hated what is not virtuous, would practicevirtue in such a way that he would not allow anything that is notvirtuous to approach his person.

　　"Is any one able for one day to apply his strength to virtue? I havenot seen the case in which his strength would be insufficient⁷.

　　"Should there possibly be any such case, I have not seen it."The Master said, "The faults of men are characteristic of the classto which they belong. By observing a man's faults, it may be knownthat he is virtuous."The Master said, "If a man in the morning hear the right way, he maydie in the evening hear regret."The Master said, "A scholar, whose mind is set on truth, and who isashamed of bad clothes and bad food, is not fit to be discoursed⁸ with."The Master said, "The superior man, in the world, does not set hismind either for anything, or against anything; what is right he willfollow."The Master said, "The superior man thinks of virtue; the small manthinks of comfort. The superior man thinks of the sanctions of law;the small man thinks of favors which he may receive."The Master said: "He who acts with a constant view to his own advantagewill be much murmured against."The Master said, "If a prince is able to govern his kingdom with thecomplaisance proper to the rules of propriety¹¹, what difficulty willhe have? If he cannot govern it with that complaisance¹⁰, what has heto do with the rules of propriety?"The Master said, "A man should say, I am not concerned that I haveno place, I am concerned how I may fit myself for one. I am not concernedthat I am not known, I seek to be worthy¹² to be known."The Master said, "Shan, my doctrine¹³ is that of an all-pervading unity¹⁴."The disciple¹⁵ Tsang replied, "Yes."The Master went out, and the other disciples¹⁶ asked, saying, "Whatdo his words mean?" Tsang said, "The doctrine of our master is tobe true to the principles-of our nature and the benevolent¹⁷ exerciseof them to others,-this and nothing more."The Master said, "The mind of the superior man is conversant¹⁸ withrighteousness; the mind of the mean man is conversant with gain."The Master said, "When we see men of worth, we should think of equalingthem; when we see men of a contrary character, we should turn inwardsand examine ourselves."The Master said, "In serving his parents, a son may remonstrate¹⁹ withthem, but gently; when he sees that they do not incline to followhis advice, he shows an increased degree of reverence²⁰, but does notabandon his purpose; and should they punish him, he does not allowhimself to murmur⁹."The Master said, "While his parents are alive, the son may not goabroad to a distance. If he does go abroad, he must have a fixed²¹ placeto which he goes."The Master said, "If the son for three years does not alter from theway of his father, he may be called filial."The Master said, "The years of parents may by no means not be keptin the memory, as an occasion at once for joy and for fear."The Master said, "The reason why the ancients did not readily giveutterance to their words, was that they feared lest their actionsshould not come up to them."The Master said, "The cautious seldom err²²."The Master said, "The superior man wishes to be slow in his speechand earnest in his conduct."The Master said, "Virtue is not left to stand alone. He who practicesit will have neighbors."Tsze-yu said, "In serving a prince, frequent remonstrances²³ lead todisgrace. Between friends, frequent reproofs²⁴ make the friendship distant."

里仁篇第四
4.1 子曰：“里仁为美。择不处仁，焉得知？”
4.2 子曰：“不仁者不可以久处约，不可以长处乐。仁者安仁，知者利仁。”
4.3 子曰：“唯仁者能好人，能恶人。”
4.4 子曰：“苟志于仁矣，无恶也。”
4.5 子曰：“富与贵，是人之所欲也。不以其道得之，不处也。贫与贱，是人之所恶也。不以其道得之，不去也。君子去仁，恶乎成名？君子无终食之间违仁，造次必于是，颠沛必于是。”
4.6 子曰：“我未见好仁者，恶不仁者。好仁者，无以尚之；恶不仁者，其为仁矣，不使不仁者加乎其身。有能一日用其力于仁矣乎？我未见力不足者。盖有之矣，我未之见也。”
4.7 子曰：“人之过也，各于其党。观过，斯知仁矣。”
4.8 子曰：“朝闻道，夕死可矣。”
4.9 子曰：“士志于道，而耻恶衣恶食者，未足与议也。”
4.10 子曰：“君子之于天下也，无适也，无莫也，义之与比。”
4.11 子曰：“君子怀德，小人怀土；君子怀刑，小人怀惠。”
4.12 子曰：“放于利而行，多怨。”
4.13 子曰：“能以礼让为国乎，何有？不能以礼让为国，如礼何？”
4.14 子曰：“不患无位，患所以立。不患莫已知，求为可知也。”
4.15 子曰：“参乎！吾道一以贯之。”曾子曰：“唯。”子出，门人问曰：“何谓也？”曾子曰：“夫子之道，忠恕而已矣。”
4.16 子曰：“君子喻于义，小人喻于利。”
4.17 子曰：“见贤思齐焉，见不贤而内自省也。”
4.18 子曰：“事父母几谏，见志不从，又敬不违，劳而不怨。”
4.19 子曰：“父母在，不远游，游必有方。”
4.20 子曰：“三年无改于父之道，可谓孝矣。”
4.21 子曰：“父母之年，不可不知也。一则以喜，一则以惧。”
4.22 子曰：“古者言之不出，耻躬之不逮也。”
4.23 子曰：“以约失之者鲜矣。”
4.24 子曰：“君子欲讷于言而敏于行。”
4.25 子曰：“德不孤，必有邻。”
4.26 子游曰：“事君数，斯辱矣；朋友数，斯疏矣。”

1 virtuous   

adj.有品德的，善良的，贞洁的，有效力的

参考例句：

• She was such a virtuous woman that everybody respected her.她是个有道德的女性，人人都尊敬她。
• My uncle is always proud of having a virtuous wife.叔叔一直为娶到一位贤德的妻子而骄傲。

2 virtue   

n.德行，美德；贞操；优点；功效，效力

参考例句：

• He was considered to be a paragon of virtue.他被认为是品德尽善尽美的典范。
• You need to decorate your mind with virtue.你应该用德行美化心灵。

3 abide   

vi.遵守；坚持；vt.忍受

参考例句：

• You must abide by the results of your mistakes.你必须承担你的错误所造成的后果。
• If you join the club,you have to abide by its rules.如果你参加俱乐部，你就得遵守它的规章。

4 enjoyment   

n.乐趣；享有；享用

参考例句：

• Your company adds to the enjoyment of our visit. 有您的陪同，我们这次访问更加愉快了。
• After each joke the old man cackled his enjoyment.每逢讲完一个笑话，这老人就呵呵笑着表示他的高兴。

5 fulfill   

vt.履行，实现，完成；满足，使满意

参考例句：

• If you make a promise you should fulfill it.如果你许诺了，你就要履行你的诺言。
• This company should be able to fulfill our requirements.这家公司应该能够满足我们的要求。

6 cleaves   

v.劈开，剁开，割开( cleave的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• This wood cleaves easily. 这木材好劈。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
• The water cleaves the banks away like a knife. 河水象一把刀似的，把两岸削掉。 来自辞典例句

7 insufficient   

adj.(for，of)不足的，不够的

参考例句：

• There was insufficient evidence to convict him.没有足够证据给他定罪。
• In their day scientific knowledge was insufficient to settle the matter.在他们的时代，科学知识还不能足以解决这些问题。

8 discoursed   

演说（discourse的过去式与过去分词形式）

参考例句：

• He discoursed on an interesting topic. 他就一个有趣的题目发表了演讲。
• The scholar discoursed at great length on the poetic style of John Keats. 那位学者详细讲述了约翰·济慈的诗歌风格。

9 murmur   

n.低语，低声的怨言；v.低语，低声而言

参考例句：

• They paid the extra taxes without a murmur.他们毫无怨言地交了附加税。
• There was a low murmur of conversation in the hall.大厅里有窃窃私语声。

10 complaisance   

n.彬彬有礼，殷勤，柔顺

参考例句：

• She speaks with complaisance.她说话彬彬有礼。
• His complaisance leaves a good impression on her.他的彬彬有礼给她留下了深刻的印象。

11 propriety   

n.正当行为；正当；适当

参考例句：

• We hesitated at the propriety of the method.我们对这种办法是否适用拿不定主意。
• The sensitive matter was handled with great propriety.这件机密的事处理得极为适当。

12 worthy   

adj.(of)值得的，配得上的；有价值的

参考例句：

• I did not esteem him to be worthy of trust.我认为他不值得信赖。
• There occurred nothing that was worthy to be mentioned.没有值得一提的事发生。

13 doctrine   

n.教义；主义；学说

参考例句：

• He was impelled to proclaim his doctrine.他不得不宣扬他的教义。
• The council met to consider changes to doctrine.宗教议会开会考虑更改教义。

14 unity   

n.团结，联合，统一；和睦，协调

参考例句：

• When we speak of unity,we do not mean unprincipled peace.所谓团结，并非一团和气。
• We must strengthen our unity in the face of powerful enemies.大敌当前，我们必须加强团结。

15 disciple   

n.信徒，门徒，追随者

参考例句：

• Your disciple failed to welcome you.你的徒弟没能迎接你。
• He was an ardent disciple of Gandhi.他是甘地的忠实信徒。

16 disciples   

n.信徒( disciple的名词复数 )；门徒；耶稣的信徒；（尤指）耶稣十二门徒之一

参考例句：

• Judas was one of the twelve disciples of Jesus. 犹大是耶稣十二门徒之一。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• "The names of the first two disciples were --" “最初的两个门徒的名字是——” 来自英汉文学 - 汤姆历险

17 benevolent   

adj.仁慈的，乐善好施的

参考例句：

• His benevolent nature prevented him from refusing any beggar who accosted him.他乐善好施的本性使他不会拒绝走上前向他行乞的任何一个乞丐。
• He was a benevolent old man and he wouldn't hurt a fly.他是一个仁慈的老人，连只苍蝇都不愿伤害。

18 conversant   

adj.亲近的，有交情的，熟悉的

参考例句：

• Mr.Taylor is thoroughly conversant with modern music.泰勒先生对现代音乐很精通。
• We become the most conversant stranger in the world.我们变成了世界上最熟悉的陌生人。

19 remonstrate   

v.抗议，规劝

参考例句：

• He remonstrated with the referee.他向裁判抗议。
• I jumped in the car and went to remonstrate.我跳进汽车去提出抗议。

20 reverence   

n.敬畏，尊敬，尊严；Reverence:对某些基督教神职人员的尊称；v.尊敬，敬畏，崇敬

参考例句：

• He was a bishop who was held in reverence by all.他是一位被大家都尊敬的主教。
• We reverence tradition but will not be fettered by it.我们尊重传统，但不被传统所束缚。

21 fixed   

adj.固定的，不变的，准备好的；(计算机)固定的

参考例句：

• Have you two fixed on a date for the wedding yet?你们俩选定婚期了吗？
• Once the aim is fixed,we should not change it arbitrarily.目标一旦确定，我们就不应该随意改变。

22 err   

vi.犯错误，出差错

参考例句：

• He did not err by a hair's breadth in his calculation.他的计算结果一丝不差。
• The arrows err not from their aim.箭无虚发。

23 remonstrances   

n.抱怨，抗议( remonstrance的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• There were remonstrances, but he persisted notwithstanding. 虽遭抗议，他仍然坚持下去。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• Mr. Archibald did not give himself the trouble of making many remonstrances. 阿奇博尔德先生似乎不想自找麻烦多方规劝。 来自辞典例句

24 reproofs   

n.责备，责难，指责( reproof的名词复数 )

参考例句：