Chapter 5 Energy

1. Sun Tzu said: The control of a large force is the same principle as the control of a few men:it is merely a question of dividing up their numbers.
2. Fighting with a large army under your command is nowise different from fighting with a small one:it is merely a question of instituting signs and signals.
3. To ensure that your whole host may withstand the brunt of the enemy's attack and remain unshaken--this is effected by maneuvers¹ direct and indirect.
4. That the impact of your army may be like a grindstone dashed against an egg--this is effected by the science of weak points and strong.
5. In all fighting, the direct method may be used for joining battle, but indirect methods will be needed in order to secure victory.
6. Indirect tactics, efficiently² applied³, are inexhaustible as Heaven and Earth, unending as the flow of rivers and streams;like the sun and moon, they end but to begin anew;like the four seasons, they pass away to return once more.
7. There are not more than five musical notes,yet the combinations of these five give rise to more melodies than can ever be heard.
8. There are not more than five primary colors(blue, yellow, red, white, and black), yet in combination they produce more hues⁴ than can ever been seen.
9. There are not more than five cardinal⁵ tastes (sour, acrid⁶, salt, sweet, bitter), yet combinations of them yield more flavors than can ever be tasted.
10. In battle, there are not more than two methods of attack--the direct and the indirect; yet these two in combination give rise to an endless series of maneuvers.
11. The direct and the indirect lead on to each other in turn.It is like moving in a circle--you never come to an end.Who can exhaust the possibilities of their combination?
12. The onset⁷ of troops is like the rush of a torrent⁸ which will even roll stones along in its course.
13. The quality of decision is like the well-timed swoop⁹ of a falcon¹⁰ which enables it to strike and destroy its victim.
14. Therefore the good fighter will be terrible in his onset, and prompt in his decision.
15. Energy may be likened to the bending of a crossbow;decision, to the releasing of a trigger.
16. Amid the turmoil¹¹ and tumult¹² of battle, there may be seeming disorder¹³ and yet no real disorder at all;amid confusion and chaos¹⁴, your array may be without head or tail, yet it will be proof against defeat.
17. Simulated disorder postulates¹⁵ perfect discipline,simulated fear postulates courage; simulated weakness postulates strength.
18. Hiding order beneath the cloak of disorder is simply a question of subdivision; concealing¹⁶ courage under a show of timidity presupposes a fund of latent energy;masking strength with weakness is to be effected
by tactical dispositions¹⁷.
19. Thus one who is skillful at keeping the enemy on the move maintains deceitful appearances, according to which the enemy will act. He sacrifices something,that the enemy may snatch at it.
20. By holding out baits, he keeps him on the march;then with a body of picked men he lies in wait for him.
21. The clever combatant looks to the effect of combined energy, and does not require too much from individuals.Hence his ability to pick out the right men and utilize¹⁸ combined energy.
22. When he utilizes¹⁹ combined energy, his fighting men become as it were like unto rolling logs or stones.For it is the nature of a log or stone to remain motionless on level ground, and to move when on a slope;if four-cornered, to come to a standstill, but if round-shaped, to go rolling down.
23. Thus the energy developed by good fighting men is as the momentum²⁰ of a round stone rolled down a mountain thousands of feet in height. So much on the subject of energy.

      原文：　 【兵势第五】
      1.孙子曰： 凡治众如治寡，分数是也；斗众如斗寡，形名是也；三军之众，可使必受敌而无败者，奇正是也；兵之所加，如以瑕投卵者，虚实是也。
      2.凡战者，以正合，以奇胜。故善出奇者，无穷如天地，不竭如江海。终而复始，日月是也。死而更生，四时是也。声不过五，五声之变，不可胜听也；色不过五，五色之变，不可胜观也；味不过五，五味之变，不可胜尝也。战势不过奇正，奇正之变，不可胜穷也。奇正相生，如循环之无端，孰能穷之哉！

      3.激水之疾，至于漂石者，势也；鸷鸟之疾，至于毁折者，节也。故善战者，其势险，其节短。势如扩弩，节如发机。

      4.纷纷纭纭，斗乱而不可乱；浑浑沌沌，形圆而不可败。乱生于治，怯生于勇，弱生于强。治乱，数也；勇怯，势也；强弱，形也。
      　
      5.故善动敌者，形之，敌必从之；予之，敌必取之。以利动之，以卒待之。

      6.故善战者，求之于势，不责于人,故能择人而任势。任势者，其战人也，如转木石。木石之性，安则静，危则动，方则止，圆则行。
      故善战人之势，如转圆石于千仞之山者，势也。
      　　 译文：　　　　　　【兵势第五】
      1.治理大军团就象治理小部队一样有效，是依靠合理的组织、结构、编制；指挥大军团作战就象指挥小部队作战一样到位，是依靠明确、高效的信号指挥系统；整个部队与敌对抗而不会失败，是依靠正确运用“奇正”的变化：攻击敌军，如同用石头砸鸡蛋一样容易，关键在于以实击虚。

      2.大凡作战，都是以正兵作正面交战，而用奇兵去出奇制胜。善于运用奇兵的人，其战法的变化就象天地运行一样无穷无尽，象江海一样永不枯竭。象日月运行一样，终而复始；与四季更迭一样，去而复来。宫、商、角、徵、羽不过五音，然而五音的组合变化，永远也听不完；红、黄、蓝、白、黑不过五色，但五种色调的组合变化，永远看不完；酸、甜、苦、辣、咸不过五味，而五种味道的组合变化，永远也尝不完。战争中军事实力的运用不过“奇”、“正”两种，而“奇”、“正”的组合变化，永远无穷无尽。奇正相生、相互转化，就好比圆环旋绕，无始无终，谁能穷尽呢。

      　
      3.湍急的流水所以能漂动大石，是因为使它产生巨大冲击力的势能；猛禽搏击雀鸟，一举可致对手于死地，是因为它掌握了最有利于爆发冲击力的时空位置，节奏迅猛。所以善于作战的指挥者，他所造成的态势是险峻的，进攻的节奏是短促有力的。“势险”就如同满弓待发的弩那样蓄势，“节短”正如搏动弩机那样突然。
      4.旌旗纷纷，人马纭纭，双方混战，战场上事态万端，但自己的指挥、组织、阵脚不能乱；混混沌吨，迷迷蒙蒙，两军搅作一团，但胜利在我把握之中。双方交战，一方之乱，是因为对方治军更严整：一方怯懦，是因为对方更勇敢；一方弱小，是因为对方更强大。军队治理有序或者混乱，在于其组织编制；士兵勇敢或者胆怯，在于部队所营造的态势和声势；军力强大或者弱小，在于部队日常训练所造就的内在实力。
      5.善于调动敌军的人，向敌军展示一种或真或假的军情，敌军必然据此判断而跟从；给予敌军一点实际利益作为诱饵，敌军必然趋利而来，从而听我调动。一方面用这些办法调动敌军，一方面要严阵以待。
      6.所以，善战者追求形成有利的“势”，而不是苛求士兵，因而能选择人才去适应和利用已形成的“势”。善于创造有利“势”的将领，指挥部队作战就象转动木头和石头。木石的性情是处于平坦地势上就静止不动，处于陡峭的斜坡上就滚动，方形容易静止，圆形容易滚动。所以，
      善于指挥打仗的人所造就的“势”，就象让圆石从极高极陡的山上滚下来一样，来势凶猛。这就是所谓的“势”。

1 maneuvers   

n.策略，谋略，花招( maneuver的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• He suspected at once that she had been spying upon his maneuvers. 他立刻猜想到，她已经侦察到他的行动。 来自辞典例句
• Maneuvers in Guizhou occupied the Reds for four months. 贵州境内的作战占了红军四个月的时间。 来自辞典例句

2 efficiently   

adv.高效率地，有能力地

参考例句：

• The worker oils the machine to operate it more efficiently.工人给机器上油以使机器运转更有效。
• Local authorities have to learn to allocate resources efficiently.地方政府必须学会有效地分配资源。

3 applied   

adj.应用的；v.应用，适用

参考例句：

• She plans to take a course in applied linguistics.她打算学习应用语言学课程。
• This cream is best applied to the face at night.这种乳霜最好晚上擦脸用。

4 hues   

色彩( hue的名词复数 )； 色调； 信仰； 观点

参考例句：

• When the sun rose a hundred prismatic hues were reflected from it. 太阳一出，更把它映得千变万化、异彩缤纷。
• Where maple trees grow, the leaves are often several brilliant hues of red. 在枫树生长的地方，枫叶常常呈现出数种光彩夺目的红色。

5 cardinal   

n.(天主教的)红衣主教；adj.首要的，基本的

参考例句：

• This is a matter of cardinal significance.这是非常重要的事。
• The Cardinal coloured with vexation. 红衣主教感到恼火，脸涨得通红。

6 acrid   

adj.辛辣的，尖刻的，刻薄的

参考例句：

• There is an acrid tone to your remarks.你说这些话的口气带有讥刺意味。
• The room was filled with acrid smoke.房里充满刺鼻的烟。

7 onset   

n.进攻，袭击，开始，突然开始

参考例句：

• The drug must be taken from the onset of the infection.这种药必须在感染的最初期就开始服用。
• Our troops withstood the onset of the enemy.我们的部队抵挡住了敌人的进攻。

8 torrent   

n.激流，洪流；爆发，(话语等的)连发

参考例句：

• The torrent scoured a channel down the hillside. 急流沿着山坡冲出了一条沟。
• Her pent-up anger was released in a torrent of words.她压抑的愤怒以滔滔不绝的话爆发了出来。

9 swoop   

n.俯冲，攫取；v.抓取，突然袭击

参考例句：

• The plane made a swoop over the city.那架飞机突然向这座城市猛降下来。
• We decided to swoop down upon the enemy there.我们决定突袭驻在那里的敌人。

10 falcon   

n.隼，猎鹰

参考例句：

• The falcon was twice his size with pouted feathers.鹰张开羽毛比两只鹰还大。
• The boys went hunting with their falcon.男孩子们带着猎鹰出去打猎了。

11 turmoil   

n.骚乱，混乱，动乱

参考例句：

• His mind was in such a turmoil that he couldn't get to sleep.内心的纷扰使他无法入睡。
• The robbery put the village in a turmoil.抢劫使全村陷入混乱。

12 tumult   

n.喧哗；激动，混乱；吵闹

参考例句：

• The tumult in the streets awakened everyone in the house.街上的喧哗吵醒了屋子里的每一个人。
• His voice disappeared under growing tumult.他的声音消失在越来越响的喧哗声中。

13 disorder   

n.紊乱，混乱；骚动，骚乱；疾病，失调

参考例句：

• When returning back,he discovered the room to be in disorder.回家后，他发现屋子里乱七八糟。
• It contained a vast number of letters in great disorder.里面七零八落地装着许多信件。

14 chaos   

n.混乱，无秩序

参考例句：

• After the failure of electricity supply the city was in chaos.停电后，城市一片混乱。
• The typhoon left chaos behind it.台风后一片混乱。

15 postulates   

v.假定，假设( postulate的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• They proclaimed to be eternal postulates of reason and justice. 他们宣称这些原则是理性和正义的永恒的要求。 来自辞典例句
• The school building programme postulates an increase in educational investment. 修建校舍的计画是在增加教育经费的前提下拟定的。 来自辞典例句

16 concealing   

v.隐藏，隐瞒，遮住( conceal的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• Despite his outward display of friendliness, I sensed he was concealing something. 尽管他表现得友善，我还是感觉到他有所隐瞒。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• SHE WAS BREAKING THE COMPACT, AND CONCEALING IT FROM HIM. 她违反了他们之间的约定，还把他蒙在鼓里。 来自英汉文学 - 三万元遗产

17 dispositions   

安排( disposition的名词复数 )； 倾向； （财产、金钱的）处置； 气质

参考例句：

• We got out some information about the enemy's dispositions from the captured enemy officer. 我们从捕获的敌军官那里问出一些有关敌军部署的情况。
• Elasticity, solubility, inflammability are paradigm cases of dispositions in natural objects. 伸缩性、可缩性、易燃性是天然物体倾向性的范例。

18 utilize   

vt.使用，利用

参考例句：

• The cook will utilize the leftover ham bone to make soup.厨师要用吃剩的猪腿骨做汤。
• You must utilize all available resources.你必须利用一切可以得到的资源。

19 utilizes   

v.利用，使用( utilize的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• One highly successful approach utilizes a triplet aspheric lens array. 一种很成功的方法是利用一个三合非球面透镜阵列。 来自辞典例句
• The first utilizes a blend of finely ground ceramic powders. 第一种用的是一种磨细的陶瓷粉末混合物。 来自辞典例句

20 momentum   

n.动力，冲力，势头；动量

参考例句：

• We exploit the energy and momentum conservation laws in this way.我们就是这样利用能量和动量守恒定律的。
• The law of momentum conservation could supplant Newton's third law.动量守恒定律可以取代牛顿第三定律。