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CHAPTER 21—Seven Small Duchesses
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Since those “precious” days when the habitués of the Hôtel Rambouillet first raised social intercourse1 to the level of a fine art, the morals and manners, the amusements and intrigues2 of great French ladies have interested the world and influenced the ways of civilized3 nations. Thanks to Memoirs4 and Maxims5, we are able to reconstruct the life of a seventeenth or eighteenth century noblewoman as completely as German archeologists have rebuilt the temple of the Wingless Victory on the Acropolis from surrounding débris.
Interest in French society has, however, diminished during this century, ceasing almost entirely6 with the Second Empire, when foreign women gave the tone to a parvenu7 court from which the older aristocracy held aloof8 in disgust behind the closed gates of their “hôtels” and historic châteaux.
With the exception of Balzac, few writers have drawn9 authentic10 pictures of nineteenth-century noblewomen in France; and his vivid portrayals11 are more the creations of genius than correct descriptions of a caste.
During the last fifty years French aristocrats12 have ceased to be factors even in matters social, the sceptre they once held having passed into alien hands, the daughters of Albion to a great extent replacing their French rivals in influencing the ways of the “world,”—a change, be it remarked in passing, that has not improved the tone of society or contributed to the spread of good manners.
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1
intercourse
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n.性交;交流,交往,交际 | |
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2
intrigues
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n.密谋策划( intrigue的名词复数 );神秘气氛;引人入胜的复杂情节v.搞阴谋诡计( intrigue的第三人称单数 );激起…的好奇心 | |
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3
civilized
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a.有教养的,文雅的 | |
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4
memoirs
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n.回忆录;回忆录传( mem,自oir的名词复数) | |
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5
maxims
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n.格言,座右铭( maxim的名词复数 ) | |
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6
entirely
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ad.全部地,完整地;完全地,彻底地 | |
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7
parvenu
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n.暴发户,新贵 | |
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8
aloof
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adj.远离的;冷淡的,漠不关心的 | |
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9
drawn
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v.拖,拉,拔出;adj.憔悴的,紧张的 | |
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10
authentic
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a.真的,真正的;可靠的,可信的,有根据的 | |
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11
portrayals
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n.画像( portrayal的名词复数 );描述;描写;描摹 | |
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12
aristocrats
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n.贵族( aristocrat的名词复数 ) | |
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13
aristocrat
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n.贵族,有贵族气派的人,上层人物 | |
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14
overthrow
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v.推翻,打倒,颠覆;n.推翻,瓦解,颠覆 | |
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15
boycott
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n./v.(联合)抵制,拒绝参与 | |
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16
countless
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adj.无数的,多得不计其数的 | |
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17
tact
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n.机敏,圆滑,得体 | |
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18
distinguished
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adj.卓越的,杰出的,著名的 | |
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19
deft
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adj.灵巧的,熟练的(a deft hand 能手) | |
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20
inclination
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n.倾斜;点头;弯腰;斜坡;倾度;倾向;爱好 | |
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21
austere
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adj.艰苦的;朴素的,朴实无华的;严峻的 | |
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22
abdicated
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放弃(职责、权力等)( abdicate的过去式和过去分词 ); 退位,逊位 | |
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23
formerly
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adv.从前,以前 | |
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joyous
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adj.充满快乐的;令人高兴的 | |
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25
enlisted
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adj.应募入伍的v.(使)入伍, (使)参军( enlist的过去式和过去分词 );获得(帮助或支持) | |
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sprightly
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adj.愉快的,活泼的 | |
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ornaments
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n.装饰( ornament的名词复数 );点缀;装饰品;首饰v.装饰,点缀,美化( ornament的第三人称单数 ) | |
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clique
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n.朋党派系,小集团 | |
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vitality
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n.活力,生命力,效力 | |
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nostrils
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鼻孔( nostril的名词复数 ) | |
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31
foam
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v./n.泡沫,起泡沫 | |
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32
tragic
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adj.悲剧的,悲剧性的,悲惨的 | |
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33
glamor
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n.魅力,吸引力 | |
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propitious
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adj.吉利的;顺利的 | |
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renaissance
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n.复活,复兴,文艺复兴 | |
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standing
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n.持续,地位;adj.永久的,不动的,直立的,不流动的 | |
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spacious
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adj.广阔的,宽敞的 | |
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suite
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n.一套(家具);套房;随从人员 | |
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monarch
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n.帝王,君主,最高统治者 | |
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Founder
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n.创始者,缔造者 | |
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gem
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n.宝石,珠宝;受爱戴的人 [同]jewel | |
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chamber
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n.房间,寝室;会议厅;议院;会所 | |
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velvet
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n.丝绒,天鹅绒;adj.丝绒制的,柔软的 | |
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patriotic
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adj.爱国的,有爱国心的 | |
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coterie
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n.(有共同兴趣的)小团体,小圈子 | |
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prudish
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adj.装淑女样子的,装规矩的,过分规矩的;adv.过分拘谨地 | |
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descended
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a.为...后裔的,出身于...的 | |
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48
antiquated
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adj.陈旧的,过时的 | |
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49
ostracism
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n.放逐;排斥 | |
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banishment
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n.放逐,驱逐 | |
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rigor
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n.严酷,严格,严厉 | |
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dough
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n.生面团;钱,现款 | |
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cemetery
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n.坟墓,墓地,坟场 | |
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peculiarity
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n.独特性,特色;特殊的东西;怪癖 | |
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proficiency
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n.精通,熟练,精练 | |
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pretensions
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自称( pretension的名词复数 ); 自命不凡; 要求; 权力 | |
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proficient
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adj.熟练的,精通的;n.能手,专家 | |
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sculptor
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n.雕刻家,雕刻家 | |
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troupe
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n.剧团,戏班;杂技团;马戏团 | |
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maidens
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处女( maiden的名词复数 ); 少女; 未婚女子; (板球运动)未得分的一轮投球 | |
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61
conversant
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adj.亲近的,有交情的,熟悉的 | |
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authenticity
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n.真实性 | |
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ponderous
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adj.沉重的,笨重的,(文章)冗长的 | |
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evokes
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产生,引起,唤起( evoke的第三人称单数 ) | |
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etiquette
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n.礼仪,礼节;规矩 | |
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66
chattering
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n. (机器振动发出的)咔嗒声,(鸟等)鸣,啁啾 adj. 喋喋不休的,啾啾声的 动词chatter的现在分词形式 | |
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odds
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n.让步,机率,可能性,比率;胜败优劣之别 | |
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sonorous
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adj.响亮的,回响的;adv.圆润低沉地;感人地;n.感人,堂皇 | |
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shudders
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n.颤动,打颤,战栗( shudder的名词复数 )v.战栗( shudder的第三人称单数 );发抖;(机器、车辆等)突然震动;颤动 | |
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mentor
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n.指导者,良师益友;v.指导 | |
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petroleum
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n.原油,石油 | |
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cavalry
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n.骑兵;轻装甲部队 | |
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intimacy
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n.熟悉,亲密,密切关系,亲昵的言行 | |
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rendezvous
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n.约会,约会地点,汇合点;vi.汇合,集合;vt.使汇合,使在汇合地点相遇 | |
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75
tacks
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大头钉( tack的名词复数 ); 平头钉; 航向; 方法 | |
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fad
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n.时尚;一时流行的狂热;一时的爱好 | |
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founders
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n.创始人( founder的名词复数 ) | |
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cliques
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n.小集团,小圈子,派系( clique的名词复数 ) | |
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infinitely
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adv.无限地,无穷地 | |
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80
herd
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n.兽群,牧群;vt.使集中,把…赶在一起 | |
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sect
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n.派别,宗教,学派,派系 | |
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