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CHAPTER 35 THE CITY OF ST. FRANCIS
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THE Italian hill-cities are such a strange novelty to the American of the Middle West—used only to the flat reaches of the prairie, and the city or town gathered primarily about the railway-station. One sees a whole series of them ranged along the eastern ridge1 of the Apennines as one travels northward2 from Rome. All the way up this valley I had been noting examples on either hand but when I got off the train at Assisi I saw what appeared to be a great fortress3 on a distant hill—the sheer walls of the church and monastery4 of St. Francis. It all came back to me, the fact that St. Francis had been born here of a well-to-do father, that he had led a gay life in his youth, had had his “vision”—his change of heart—which caused him to embrace poverty, the care of the poor and needy5 and to follow precisely6 that idealistic dictum which says: “Lay not up for yourselves treasures upon earth,... but lay up for yourselves treasures in heaven,... for where your treasure is there will your heart be also.” I had found in one of the little books I had with me, “Umbrian Towns,” a copy of the prayer that he devised for his Order which reads:
Poverty was in the crib and like a faithful squire7 she kept herself armed in the great combat Thou didst wage for our redemption. During Thy passion she alone did not forsake8 Thee. Mary, Thy Mother, stopped at the foot of the cross, but poverty mounted it with Thee and clasped Thee in her embrace unto the end; and when Thou wast dying of thirst as a watchful9 spouse
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1
ridge
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n.山脊;鼻梁;分水岭 | |
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northward
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adv.向北;n.北方的地区 | |
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3
fortress
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n.堡垒,防御工事 | |
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monastery
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n.修道院,僧院,寺院 | |
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needy
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adj.贫穷的,贫困的,生活艰苦的 | |
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precisely
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adv.恰好,正好,精确地,细致地 | |
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squire
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n.护卫, 侍从, 乡绅 | |
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forsake
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vt.遗弃,抛弃;舍弃,放弃 | |
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9
watchful
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adj.注意的,警惕的 | |
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spouse
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n.配偶(指夫或妻) | |
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gall
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v.使烦恼,使焦躁,难堪;n.磨难 | |
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ardor
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n.热情,狂热 | |
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bestow
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v.把…赠与,把…授予;花费 | |
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distinctive
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adj.特别的,有特色的,与众不同的 | |
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patrimony
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n.世袭财产,继承物 | |
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tingle
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vi.感到刺痛,感到激动;n.刺痛,激动 | |
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disciples
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n.信徒( disciple的名词复数 );门徒;耶稣的信徒;(尤指)耶稣十二门徒之一 | |
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poetic
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adj.富有诗意的,有诗人气质的,善于抒情的 | |
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standing
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n.持续,地位;adj.永久的,不动的,直立的,不流动的 | |
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followers
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追随者( follower的名词复数 ); 用户; 契据的附面; 从动件 | |
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rumbling
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n. 隆隆声, 辘辘声 adj. 隆隆响的 动词rumble的现在分词 | |
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picturesqueness
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picturesque
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adj.美丽如画的,(语言)生动的,绘声绘色的 | |
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winding
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n.绕,缠,绕组,线圈 | |
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stony
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adj.石头的,多石头的,冷酷的,无情的 | |
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vistas
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长条形景色( vista的名词复数 ); 回顾; 展望; (未来可能发生的)一系列情景 | |
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orchards
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(通常指围起来的)果园( orchard的名词复数 ) | |
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fully
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adv.完全地,全部地,彻底地;充分地 | |
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hazy
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adj.有薄雾的,朦胧的;不肯定的,模糊的 | |
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conversed
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v.交谈,谈话( converse的过去式 ) | |
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innately
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adv.天赋地;内在地,固有地 | |
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longing
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n.(for)渴望 | |
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sociable
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adj.好交际的,友好的,合群的 | |
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proprietor
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n.所有人;业主;经营者 | |
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apparently
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adv.显然地;表面上,似乎 | |
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quaint
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adj.古雅的,离奇有趣的,奇怪的 | |
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skimp
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v.节省花费,吝啬 | |
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sepulcher
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n.坟墓 | |
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frescoed
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壁画( fresco的名词复数 ); 温壁画技法,湿壁画 | |
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specimen
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n.样本,标本 | |
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chapel
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n.小教堂,殡仪馆 | |
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monks
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n.修道士,僧侣( monk的名词复数 ) | |
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monk
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n.和尚,僧侣,修道士 | |
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artistic
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adj.艺术(家)的,美术(家)的;善于艺术创作的 | |
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chapels
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n.小教堂, (医院、监狱等的)附属礼拜堂( chapel的名词复数 );(在小教堂和附属礼拜堂举行的)礼拜仪式 | |
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monasteries
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修道院( monastery的名词复数 ) | |
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worthy
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adj.(of)值得的,配得上的;有价值的 | |
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edifice
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n.宏伟的建筑物(如宫殿,教室) | |
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choir
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n.唱诗班,唱诗班的席位,合唱团,舞蹈团;v.合唱 | |
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nave
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n.教堂的中部;本堂 | |
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cloister
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n.修道院;v.隐退,使与世隔绝 | |
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varied
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adj.多样的,多变化的 | |
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frescoes
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n.壁画( fresco的名词复数 );温壁画技法,湿壁画 | |
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dealing
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n.经商方法,待人态度 | |
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vows
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誓言( vow的名词复数 ); 郑重宣布,许愿 | |
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illustrating
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给…加插图( illustrate的现在分词 ); 说明; 表明; (用示例、图画等)说明 | |
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lust
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n.性(淫)欲;渴(欲)望;vi.对…有强烈的欲望 | |
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Founder
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n.创始者,缔造者 | |
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entirely
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ad.全部地,完整地;完全地,彻底地 | |
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apprentice
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n.学徒,徒弟 | |
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seeping
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v.(液体)渗( seep的现在分词 );渗透;渗出;漏出 | |
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meager
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adj.缺乏的,不足的,瘦的 | |
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mere
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adj.纯粹的;仅仅,只不过 | |
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trickle
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vi.淌,滴,流出,慢慢移动,逐渐消散 | |
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aged
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adj.年老的,陈年的 | |
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prostrate
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v.拜倒,平卧,衰竭;adj.拜倒的,平卧的,衰竭的 | |
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circumspect
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adj.慎重的,谨慎的 | |
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ruminating
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v.沉思( ruminate的现在分词 );反复考虑;反刍;倒嚼 | |
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alas
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int.唉(表示悲伤、忧愁、恐惧等) | |
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dabbling
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v.涉猎( dabble的现在分词 );涉足;浅尝;少量投资 | |
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trifling
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adj.微不足道的;没什么价值的 | |
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soothing
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adj.慰藉的;使人宽心的;镇静的 | |
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spoke
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n.(车轮的)辐条;轮辐;破坏某人的计划;阻挠某人的行动 v.讲,谈(speak的过去式);说;演说;从某种观点来说 | |
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athletic
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adj.擅长运动的,强健的;活跃的,体格健壮的 | |
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impelled
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v.推动、推进或敦促某人做某事( impel的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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skyscrapers
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n.摩天大楼 | |
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thither
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adv.向那里;adj.在那边的,对岸的 | |
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shrine
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n.圣地,神龛,庙;v.将...置于神龛内,把...奉为神圣 | |
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shrines
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圣地,圣坛,神圣场所( shrine的名词复数 ) | |
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livelihood
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n.生计,谋生之道 | |
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obstreperous
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adj.喧闹的,不守秩序的 | |
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throng
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n.人群,群众;v.拥挤,群集 | |
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epics
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n.叙事诗( epic的名词复数 );壮举;惊人之举;史诗般的电影(或书籍) | |
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reverence
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n.敬畏,尊敬,尊严;Reverence:对某些基督教神职人员的尊称;v.尊敬,敬畏,崇敬 | |
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doorways
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n.门口,门道( doorway的名词复数 ) | |
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clattering
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发出咔哒声(clatter的现在分词形式) | |
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cypress
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n.柏树 | |
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brewed
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调制( brew的过去式和过去分词 ); 酝酿; 沏(茶); 煮(咖啡) | |
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circuitous
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adj.迂回的路的,迂曲的,绕行的 | |
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sonorous
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adj.响亮的,回响的;adv.圆润低沉地;感人地;n.感人,堂皇 | |
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contemplated
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adj. 预期的 动词contemplate的过去分词形式 | |
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influential
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adj.有影响的,有权势的 | |
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villas
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别墅,公馆( villa的名词复数 ); (城郊)住宅 | |
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aggrandizement
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n.增大,强化,扩大 | |
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bastardy
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私生子,庶出; 非婚生 | |
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humble
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adj.谦卑的,恭顺的;地位低下的;v.降低,贬低 | |
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logic
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n.逻辑(学);逻辑性 | |
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materialism
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n.[哲]唯物主义,唯物论;物质至上 | |
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cardinals
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红衣主教( cardinal的名词复数 ); 红衣凤头鸟(见于北美,雄鸟为鲜红色); 基数 | |
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CHAPTER 36 PERUGIA
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