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ENGLAND UNDER OLIVER CROMWELL
BEFORE sunset on the memorable1 day on which King Charles the First was executed, the House of Commons passed an act declaring it treason in any one to proclaim the Prince of Wales - or anybody else - King of England. Soon afterwards, it declared that the House of Lords was useless and dangerous, and ought to be abolished; and directed that the late King's statue should be taken down from the Royal Exchange in the City and other public places. Having laid hold of some famous Royalists who had escaped from prison, and having beheaded the DUKE OF HAMILTON, LORD HOLLAND, and LORD CAPEL, in Palace Yard (all of whom died very courageously), they then appointed a Council of State to govern the country. It consisted of forty-one members, of whom five were peers. Bradshaw was made president. The House of Commons also re-admitted members who had opposed the King's death, and made up its numbers to about a hundred and fifty.
But, it still had an army of more than forty thousand men to deal with, and a very hard task it was to manage them. Before the King's execution, the army had appointed some of its officers to remonstrate3 between them and the Parliament; and now the common soldiers began to take that office upon themselves. The regiments4 under orders for Ireland mutinied; one troop of horse in the city of London seized their own flag, and refused to obey orders. For this, the ringleader was shot: which did not mend the matter, for, both his comrades and the people made a public funeral for him, and accompanied the body to the grave with sound of trumpets5 and with a gloomy procession of persons carrying bundles of rosemary steeped in blood. Oliver was the only man to deal with such difficulties as these, and he soon cut them short by bursting at midnight into the town of Burford, near Salisbury, where the mutineers were sheltered, taking four hundred of them prisoners, and shooting a number of them by sentence of court-martial. The soldiers soon found, as all men did, that Oliver was not a man to be trifled with. And there was an end of the mutiny.
The Scottish Parliament did not know Oliver yet; so, on hearing of the King's execution, it proclaimed the Prince of Wales King Charles the Second, on condition of his respecting the Solemn League and Covenant
1
memorable
adj.值得回忆的,难忘的,特别的,显著的
2
pointed
adj.尖的,直截了当的
3
remonstrate
v.抗议,规劝
4
regiments
(军队的)团( regiment的名词复数 ); 大量的人或物
5
trumpets
喇叭( trumpet的名词复数 ); 小号; 喇叭形物; (尤指)绽开的水仙花
6
covenant
n.盟约,契约;v.订盟约
7
commissioners
n.专员( commissioner的名词复数 );长官;委员;政府部门的长官
8
deserted
adj.荒芜的,荒废的,无人的,被遗弃的
9
gallows
n.绞刑架,绞台
10
spike
n.长钉,钉鞋;v.以大钉钉牢,使...失效
11
vengeance
n.报复,报仇,复仇
12
havoc
n.大破坏,浩劫,大混乱,大杂乱
13
despatch
n./v.(dispatch)派遣;发送;n.急件;新闻报道
14
prodigiously
adv.异常地,惊人地,巨大地
15
prodigious
adj.惊人的,奇妙的;异常的;巨大的;庞大的
16
redoubtable
adj.可敬的;可怕的
17
exempting
使免除[豁免]( exempt的现在分词 )
18
killing
n.巨额利润;突然赚大钱,发大财
19
forfeited
(因违反协议、犯规、受罚等)丧失,失去( forfeit的过去式和过去分词 )
20
sweeping
adj.范围广大的,一扫无遗的
21
fully
adv.完全地,全部地,彻底地;充分地
22
commonwealth
n.共和国,联邦,共同体
23
mighty
adj.强有力的;巨大的
24
trenches
深沟,地沟( trench的名词复数 ); 战壕
25
clergy
n.[总称]牧师,神职人员
26
interfere
v.(in)干涉,干预;(with)妨碍,打扰
27
exhorting
v.劝告,劝说( exhort的现在分词 )
28
galloped
(使马)飞奔,奔驰( gallop的过去式和过去分词 ); 快速做[说]某事
29
gallop
v./n.(马或骑马等)飞奔;飞速发展
30
tiresome
adj.令人疲劳的,令人厌倦的
31
highland
n.(pl.)高地,山地
32
scone
n.圆饼,甜饼,司康饼
33
scrambled
v.快速爬行( scramble的过去式和过去分词 );攀登;争夺;(军事飞机)紧急起飞
34
gentry
n.绅士阶级,上层阶级
35
espousing
v.(决定)支持,拥护(目标、主张等)( espouse的现在分词 )
36
gallantly
adv. 漂亮地,勇敢地,献殷勤地
37
followers
追随者( follower的名词复数 ); 用户; 契据的附面; 从动件
38
axe
n.斧子;v.用斧头砍,削减
39
swarmed
密集( swarm的过去式和过去分词 ); 云集; 成群地移动; 蜜蜂或其他飞行昆虫成群地飞来飞去
40
boughs
大树枝( bough的名词复数 )
41
blistered
adj.水疮状的,泡状的v.(使)起水泡( blister的过去式和过去分词 );(使表皮等)涨破,爆裂
42
concealed
a.隐藏的,隐蔽的
43
vessel
n.船舶;容器,器皿;管,导管,血管
44
formerly
adv.从前,以前
45
lodged
v.存放( lodge的过去式和过去分词 );暂住;埋入;(权利、权威等)归属
46
landlady
n.女房东,女地主
47
creditors
n.债权人,债主( creditor的名词复数 )
48
ashore
adv.在(向)岸上,上岸
49
worthy
adj.(of)值得的,配得上的;有价值的
50
entreaties
n.恳求,乞求( entreaty的名词复数 )
51
subdued
adj. 屈服的,柔和的,减弱的
动词subdue的过去式和过去分词
52
reign
n.统治时期,统治,支配,盛行;v.占优势
53
isle
n.小岛,岛
54
monk
n.和尚,僧侣,修道士
55
lodgings
n. 出租的房舍, 寄宿舍
56
harry
vt.掠夺,蹂躏,使苦恼
57
liar
n.说谎的人
58
mace
n.狼牙棒,豆蔻干皮
59
proceeding
n.行动,进行,(pl.)会议录,学报
60
decided
adj.决定了的,坚决的;明显的,明确的
61
supreme
adj.极度的,最重要的;至高的,最高的
62
velvet
n.丝绒,天鹅绒;adj.丝绒制的,柔软的
63
vigour
(=vigor)n.智力,体力,精力
64
frantic
adj.狂乱的,错乱的,激昂的
65
overdoing
v.做得过分( overdo的现在分词 );太夸张;把…煮得太久;(工作等)过度
66
villain
n.反派演员,反面人物;恶棍;问题的起因
67
tyrant
n.暴君,专制的君主,残暴的人
68
chapels
n.小教堂, (医院、监狱等的)附属礼拜堂( chapel的名词复数 );(在小教堂和附属礼拜堂举行的)礼拜仪式
69
chapel
n.小教堂,殡仪馆
70
levied
征(兵)( levy的过去式和过去分词 ); 索取; 发动(战争); 征税
71
Mediterranean
adj.地中海的;地中海沿岸的
72
thoroughly
adv.完全地,彻底地,十足地
73
valiant
adj.勇敢的,英勇的;n.勇士,勇敢的人
74
bigoted
adj.固执己见的,心胸狭窄的
75
dungeons
n.地牢( dungeon的名词复数 )
76
virtue
n.德行,美德;贞操;优点;功效,效力
77
laden
adj.装满了的;充满了的;负了重担的;苦恼的
78
waggons
四轮的运货马车( waggon的名词复数 ); 铁路货车; 小手推车
79
triumphantly
ad.得意洋洋地;得胜地;成功地
80
victorious
adj.胜利的,得胜的
81
joyful
adj.欢乐的,令人欢欣的
82
insolently
adv.自豪地,自傲地
83
bloody
adj.非常的的;流血的;残忍的;adv.很;vt.血染
84
admiration
n.钦佩,赞美,羡慕
85
monarchy
n.君主,最高统治者;君主政体,君主国
86
scruples
n.良心上的不安( scruple的名词复数 );顾虑,顾忌v.感到于心不安,有顾忌( scruple的第三人称单数 )
87
temperate
adj.温和的,温带的,自我克制的,不过分的
88
conspiracies
n.阴谋,密谋( conspiracy的名词复数 )
89
conspirator
n.阴谋者,谋叛者
90
bribed
v.贿赂( bribe的过去式和过去分词 );向(某人)行贿,贿赂
91
rigid
adj.严格的,死板的;刚硬的,僵硬的
92
impartial
adj.(in,to)公正的,无偏见的
93
Portuguese
n.葡萄牙人;葡萄牙语
94
drawn
v.拖,拉,拔出;adj.憔悴的,紧张的
95
entangled
adj.卷入的;陷入的;被缠住的;缠在一起的v.使某人(某物/自己)缠绕,纠缠于(某物中),使某人(自己)陷入(困难或复杂的环境中)( entangle的过去式和过去分词 )
96
bruised
[医]青肿的,瘀紫的
97
mere
adj.纯粹的;仅仅,只不过
98
humble
adj.谦卑的,恭顺的;地位低下的;v.降低,贬低
99
opposition
n.反对,敌对
100
assent
v.批准,认可;n.批准,认可
101
disposition
n.性情,性格;意向,倾向;排列,部署
102
delirious
adj.不省人事的,神智昏迷的
103
murmur
n.低语,低声的怨言;v.低语,低声而言
104
lamented
adj.被哀悼的,令人遗憾的v.(为…)哀悼,痛哭,悲伤( lament的过去式和过去分词 )
105
strand
vt.使(船)搁浅,使(某人)困于(某地)
106
amiable
adj.和蔼可亲的,友善的,亲切的
107
previously
adv.以前,先前(地)
108
condescend
v.俯就,屈尊;堕落,丢丑
109
lighting
n.照明,光线的明暗,舞台灯光
110
grandees
n.贵族,大公,显贵者( grandee的名词复数 )
111
tapestry
n.挂毯,丰富多采的画面
112
majestic
adj.雄伟的,壮丽的,庄严的,威严的,崇高的
113
commemorated
v.纪念,庆祝( commemorate的过去式和过去分词 )