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Lectures IV THE RELIGION OF HEALTHY MINDEDNESS
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If we were to ask the question: "What is human life's chief concern?" one of the answers weshould receive would be: "It is happiness." How to gain, how to keep, how to recover happiness, isin fact for most men at all times the secret motive1 of all they do, and of all they are willing toendure. The hedonistic school in ethics2 deduces the moral life wholly from the experiences ofhappiness and unhappiness which different kinds of conduct bring; and, even more in the religiouslife than in the moral life, happiness and unhappiness seem to be the poles round which the interestrevolves. We need not go so far as to say with the author whom I lately quoted that any persistententhusiasm is, as such, religion, nor need we call mere4 laughter a religious exercise; but we mustadmit that any persistent3 enjoyment5 may PRODUCE the sort of religion which consists in agrateful admiration6 of the gift of so happy an existence; and we must also acknowledge that themore complex ways of experiencing religion are new manners of producing happiness, wonderfulinner paths to a supernatural kind of happiness, when the first gift of natural existence is unhappy,as it so often proves itself to be.
With such relations between religion and happiness, it is perhaps not surprising that men come toregard the happiness which a religious belief affords as a proof of its truth. If a creed7 makes a man feel happy, he almost inevitably8 adopts it. Such a belief ought to be true; therefore it is true--such,rightly or wrongly, is one of the "immediate9 inferences" of the religious logic
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motive
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n.动机,目的;adv.发动的,运动的 | |
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ethics
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n.伦理学;伦理观,道德标准 | |
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persistent
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adj.坚持不懈的,执意的;持续的 | |
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mere
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adj.纯粹的;仅仅,只不过 | |
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enjoyment
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n.乐趣;享有;享用 | |
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admiration
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n.钦佩,赞美,羡慕 | |
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creed
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n.信条;信念,纲领 | |
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inevitably
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adv.不可避免地;必然发生地 | |
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immediate
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adj.立即的;直接的,最接近的;紧靠的 | |
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logic
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n.逻辑(学);逻辑性 | |
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utterly
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adv.完全地,绝对地 | |
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positively
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adv.明确地,断然,坚决地;实在,确实 | |
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passionately
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ad.热烈地,激烈地 | |
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passionate
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adj.热情的,热烈的,激昂的,易动情的,易怒的,性情暴躁的 | |
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sinister
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adj.不吉利的,凶恶的,左边的 | |
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Christians
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n.基督教徒( Christian的名词复数 ) | |
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Christian
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adj.基督教徒的;n.基督教徒 | |
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sects
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n.宗派,教派( sect的名词复数 ) | |
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systematic
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adj.有系统的,有计划的,有方法的 | |
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disciples
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n.信徒( disciple的名词复数 );门徒;耶稣的信徒;(尤指)耶稣十二门徒之一 | |
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disciple
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n.信徒,门徒,追随者 | |
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authoritativeness
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[法]权威 | |
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sufficiently
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adv.足够地,充分地 | |
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tint
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n.淡色,浅色;染发剂;vt.着以淡淡的颜色 | |
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affinities
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n.密切关系( affinity的名词复数 );亲近;(生性)喜爱;类同 | |
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enchanting
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a.讨人喜欢的 | |
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manor
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n.庄园,领地 | |
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potentate
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n.统治者;君主 | |
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animating
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v.使有生气( animate的现在分词 );驱动;使栩栩如生地动作;赋予…以生命 | |
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harmonious
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adj.和睦的,调和的,和谐的,协调的 | |
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distressed
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痛苦的 | |
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majesty
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n.雄伟,壮丽,庄严,威严;最高权威,王权 | |
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disturbance
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n.动乱,骚动;打扰,干扰;(身心)失调 | |
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aspirations
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强烈的愿望( aspiration的名词复数 ); 志向; 发送气音; 发 h 音 | |
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constructive
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adj.建设的,建设性的 | |
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wrath
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n.愤怒,愤慨,暴怒 | |
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avarice
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n.贪婪;贪心 | |
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cowardice
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n.胆小,怯懦 | |
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vices
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缺陷( vice的名词复数 ); 恶习; 不道德行为; 台钳 | |
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whine
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v.哀号,号哭;n.哀鸣 | |
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groan
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vi./n.呻吟,抱怨;(发出)呻吟般的声音 | |
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adverse
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adj.不利的;有害的;敌对的,不友好的 | |
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morbid
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adj.病的;致病的;病态的;可怕的 | |
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eminent
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adj.显赫的,杰出的,有名的,优良的 | |
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perfectly
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adv.完美地,无可非议地,彻底地 | |
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maidens
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处女( maiden的名词复数 ); 少女; 未婚女子; (板球运动)未得分的一轮投球 | |
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cult
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n.异教,邪教;时尚,狂热的崇拜 | |
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incapable
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adj.无能力的,不能做某事的 | |
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psychology
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n.心理,心理学,心理状态 | |
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temperament
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n.气质,性格,性情 | |
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momentary
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adj.片刻的,瞬息的;短暂的 | |
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humility
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n.谦逊,谦恭 | |
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melancholy
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n.忧郁,愁思;adj.令人感伤(沮丧)的,忧郁的 | |
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voluptuous
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adj.肉欲的,骄奢淫逸的 | |
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woe
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n.悲哀,苦痛,不幸,困难;int.用来表达悲伤或惊慌 | |
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adolescence
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n.青春期,青少年 | |
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condemn
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vt.谴责,指责;宣判(罪犯),判刑 | |
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exasperated
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adj.恼怒的 | |
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miserable
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adj.悲惨的,痛苦的;可怜的,糟糕的 | |
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supreme
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adj.极度的,最重要的;至高的,最高的 | |
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vistas
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长条形景色( vista的名词复数 ); 回顾; 展望; (未来可能发生的)一系列情景 | |
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spoke
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n.(车轮的)辐条;轮辐;破坏某人的计划;阻挠某人的行动 v.讲,谈(speak的过去式);说;演说;从某种观点来说 | |
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justified
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a.正当的,有理的 | |
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antipathy
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n.憎恶;反感,引起反感的人或事物 | |
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entirely
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ad.全部地,完整地;完全地,彻底地 | |
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grumbled
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抱怨( grumble的过去式和过去分词 ); 发牢骚; 咕哝; 发哼声 | |
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abridged
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削减的,删节的 | |
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monstrously
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conceited
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adj.自负的,骄傲自满的 | |
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suffuses
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v.(指颜色、水气等)弥漫于,布满( suffuse的第三人称单数 ) | |
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hymns
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n.赞美诗,圣歌,颂歌( hymn的名词复数 ) | |
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peculiar
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adj.古怪的,异常的;特殊的,特有的 | |
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prosody
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n.诗体论,作诗法 | |
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explicitly
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ad.明确地,显然地 | |
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Founder
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n.创始者,缔造者 | |
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indifference
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n.不感兴趣,不关心,冷淡,不在乎 | |
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contractions
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n.收缩( contraction的名词复数 );缩减;缩略词;(分娩时)子宫收缩 | |
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placid
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adj.安静的,平和的 | |
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mania
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n.疯狂;躁狂症,狂热,癖好 | |
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resolutely
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adj.坚决地,果断地 | |
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slay
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v.杀死,宰杀,杀戮 | |
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smite
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v.重击;彻底击败;n.打;尝试;一点儿 | |
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savagely
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adv. 野蛮地,残酷地 | |
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severs
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v.切断,断绝( sever的第三人称单数 );断,裂 | |
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interfere
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v.(in)干涉,干预;(with)妨碍,打扰 | |
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instinctive
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adj.(出于)本能的;直觉的;(出于)天性的 | |
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sophistry
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n.诡辩 | |
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defiant
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adj.无礼的,挑战的 | |
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bravado
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n.虚张声势,故作勇敢,逞能 | |
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affected
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adj.不自然的,假装的 | |
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hearty
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adj.热情友好的;衷心的;尽情的,纵情的 | |
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defiance
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n.挑战,挑衅,蔑视,违抗 | |
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rankled
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v.(使)痛苦不已,(使)怨恨不已( rankle的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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feat
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n.功绩;武艺,技艺;adj.灵巧的,漂亮的,合适的 | |
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actively
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adv.积极地,勤奋地 | |
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perversely
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adv. 倔强地 | |
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hush
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int.嘘,别出声;n.沉默,静寂;v.使安静 | |
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candid
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adj.公正的,正直的;坦率的 | |
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bracing
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adj.令人振奋的 | |
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tonic
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n./adj.滋补品,补药,强身的,健体的 | |
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relish
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n.滋味,享受,爱好,调味品;vt.加调味料,享受,品味;vi.有滋味 | |
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shun
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vt.避开,回避,避免 | |
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adoption
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n.采用,采纳,通过;收养 | |
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lawful
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adj.法律许可的,守法的,合法的 | |
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engendered
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v.产生(某形势或状况),造成,引起( engender的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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perpetuates
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n.使永存,使人记住不忘( perpetuate的名词复数 );使永久化,使持久化,使持续 | |
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tolerance
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n.宽容;容忍,忍受;耐药力;公差 | |
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subjective
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a.主观(上)的,个人的 | |
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zealously
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adv.热心地;热情地;积极地;狂热地 | |
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misery
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n.痛苦,苦恼,苦难;悲惨的境遇,贫苦 | |
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persuasion
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n.劝说;说服;持有某种信仰的宗派 | |
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rapture
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n.狂喜;全神贯注;着迷;v.使狂喜 | |
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contention
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n.争论,争辩,论战;论点,主张 | |
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deter
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vt.阻止,使不敢,吓住 | |
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patriot
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n.爱国者,爱国主义者 | |
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denomination
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n.命名,取名,(度量衡、货币等的)单位 | |
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engulfs
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v.吞没,包住( engulf的第三人称单数 ) | |
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exult
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v.狂喜,欢腾;欢欣鼓舞 | |
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cultivation
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n.耕作,培养,栽培(法),养成 | |
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professed
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公开声称的,伪称的,已立誓信教的 | |
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consistency
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n.一贯性,前后一致,稳定性;(液体的)浓度 | |
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huddled
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挤在一起(huddle的过去式与过去分词形式) | |
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poetic
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adj.富有诗意的,有诗人气质的,善于抒情的 | |
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prim
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adj.拘泥形式的,一本正经的;n.循规蹈矩,整洁;adv.循规蹈矩地,整洁地 | |
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obliterated
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v.除去( obliterate的过去式和过去分词 );涂去;擦掉;彻底破坏或毁灭 | |
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bawdy
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adj.淫猥的,下流的;n.粗话 | |
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