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Chapter IV
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LINCOLN AS PRESIDENT ORGANISES THE PEOPLE FOR THE MAINTENANCE OF NATIONAL EXISTENCE
After the election of November, 1860, events moved swiftly. On the 20th of December, comes the first act of the Civil War, the secession of South Carolina. The secession of Georgia had for a time been delayed by the influence of Alexander H. Stephens who, on the 14th of November, had made a great argument for the maintenance of the union. His chief local opponent at the time was Robert Toombs, the Southern leader who proposed in the near future to "call the roll-call of his slaves on Bunker Hill." Lincoln was still hopeful of saving to the cause of the union the Border States and the more conservative divisions of States, like North Carolina, which had supported the Whig party.
In December, we find correspondence between Lincoln and Gilmer of North Carolina, whom he had known in Washington. "The essential difference," says Lincoln, "between your group and mine is that you hold slavery to be in itself desirable and as something to be extended. I hold it to be an essential evil which, with due regard to existing rights, must be restricted and in the near future exterminated2."
On the 23d of February, 1861, Lincoln reaches Washington where he is to spend a weary and anxious two weeks of waiting for the burden of his new responsibilities. He is at this time fifty-two years of age. In one of his brief addresses on the way to Washington he says:
"It is but little to a man of my age, but a great deal to thirty millions of the citizens of the United States, and to posterity3 in all coming time, if the union of the States and the liberties of the people are to be lost. If the majority is not to rule, who would be the judge of the issue or where is such judge to be found?"
It is difficult to imagine a more exasperating4 condition of affairs than obtained in Washington while Lincoln was awaiting the day of inauguration5. The government appeared to be crumbling6 away under the nerveless direction, or lack of direction, of President Buchanan and his associates. In his last message to Congress, Buchanan had taken the ground that the Constitution made no provision for the secession of States or for the breaking up of the union; but that it also failed to contain any provision for measures that could prevent such secession and the consequent destruction of the nation. The old gentleman appeared to be
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1
organise
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vt.组织,安排,筹办 | |
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exterminated
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v.消灭,根绝( exterminate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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posterity
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n.后裔,子孙,后代 | |
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exasperating
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adj. 激怒的 动词exasperate的现在分词形式 | |
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inauguration
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n.开幕、就职典礼 | |
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crumbling
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adj.摇摇欲坠的 | |
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entirely
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ad.全部地,完整地;完全地,彻底地 | |
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immediate
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adj.立即的;直接的,最接近的;紧靠的 | |
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repeal
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n.废止,撤消;v.废止,撤消 | |
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infamous
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adj.声名狼藉的,臭名昭著的,邪恶的 | |
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pointed
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adj.尖的,直截了当的 | |
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contingencies
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n.偶然发生的事故,意外事故( contingency的名词复数 );以备万一 | |
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interval
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n.间隔,间距;幕间休息,中场休息 | |
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inaugural
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adj.就职的;n.就职典礼 | |
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disintegration
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n.分散,解体 | |
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scattered
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adj.分散的,稀疏的;散步的;疏疏落落的 | |
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vessels
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n.血管( vessel的名词复数 );船;容器;(具有特殊品质或接受特殊品质的)人 | |
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arsenals
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n.兵工厂,军火库( arsenal的名词复数 );任何事物的集成 | |
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ammunition
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n.军火,弹药 | |
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treasury
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n.宝库;国库,金库;文库 | |
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inquiry
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n.打听,询问,调查,查问 | |
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subtraction
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n.减法,减去 | |
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accomplished
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adj.有才艺的;有造诣的;达到了的 | |
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mischief
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n.损害,伤害,危害;恶作剧,捣蛋,胡闹 | |
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trenchant
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adj.尖刻的,清晰的 | |
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lessened
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减少的,减弱的 | |
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restrictions
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约束( restriction的名词复数 ); 管制; 制约因素; 带限制性的条件(或规则) | |
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redress
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n.赔偿,救济,矫正;v.纠正,匡正,革除 | |
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mere
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adj.纯粹的;仅仅,只不过 | |
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inevitable
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adj.不可避免的,必然发生的 | |
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civilisation
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n.文明,文化,开化,教化 | |
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federation
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n.同盟,联邦,联合,联盟,联合会 | |
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rescinded
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v.废除,取消( rescind的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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assenting
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同意,赞成( assent的现在分词 ) | |
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unwilling
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adj.不情愿的 | |
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touching
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adj.动人的,使人感伤的 | |
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harmonious
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adj.和睦的,调和的,和谐的,协调的 | |
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nomination
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n.提名,任命,提名权 | |
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possessed
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adj.疯狂的;拥有的,占有的 | |
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legitimate
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adj.合法的,合理的,合乎逻辑的;v.使合法 | |
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elastic
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n.橡皮圈,松紧带;adj.有弹性的;灵活的 | |
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subjectivity
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n.主观性(主观主义) | |
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organisation
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n.组织,安排,团体,有机休 | |
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nominal
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adj.名义上的;(金额、租金)微不足道的 | |
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bumptiousness
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irritation
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n.激怒,恼怒,生气 | |
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annoyance
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n.恼怒,生气,烦恼 | |
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judgment
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n.审判;判断力,识别力,看法,意见 | |
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undesirable
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adj.不受欢迎的,不良的,不合意的,讨厌的;n.不受欢迎的人,不良分子 | |
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delegation
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n.代表团;派遣 | |
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whatsoever
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adv.(用于否定句中以加强语气)任何;pron.无论什么 | |
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loyalty
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n.忠诚,忠心 | |
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browbeat
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v.欺侮;吓唬 | |
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patriotism
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n.爱国精神,爱国心,爱国主义 | |
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soften
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v.(使)变柔软;(使)变柔和 | |
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friction
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n.摩擦,摩擦力 | |
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precursor
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n.先驱者;前辈;前任;预兆;先兆 | |
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secondly
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adv.第二,其次 | |
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expenditure
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n.(时间、劳力、金钱等)支出;使用,消耗 | |
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expenditures
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n.花费( expenditure的名词复数 );使用;(尤指金钱的)支出额;(精力、时间、材料等的)耗费 | |
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investors
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n.投资者,出资者( investor的名词复数 ) | |
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unduly
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adv.过度地,不适当地 | |
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taxation
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n.征税,税收,税金 | |
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incurred
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[医]招致的,遭受的; incur的过去式 | |
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bounties
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(由政府提供的)奖金( bounty的名词复数 ); 赏金; 慷慨; 大方 | |
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denomination
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n.命名,取名,(度量衡、货币等的)单位 | |
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postal
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adj.邮政的,邮局的 | |
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enlisting
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v.(使)入伍, (使)参军( enlist的现在分词 );获得(帮助或支持) | |
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requisite
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adj.需要的,必不可少的;n.必需品 | |
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copper
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n.铜;铜币;铜器;adj.铜(制)的;(紫)铜色的 | |
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extravagant
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adj.奢侈的;过分的;(言行等)放肆的 | |
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perishable
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adj.(尤指食物)易腐的,易坏的 | |
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artistically
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adv.艺术性地 | |
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engraved
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v.在(硬物)上雕刻(字,画等)( engrave的过去式和过去分词 );将某事物深深印在(记忆或头脑中) | |
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denominations
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n.宗派( denomination的名词复数 );教派;面额;名称 | |
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depreciation
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n.价值低落,贬值,蔑视,贬低 | |
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appreciation
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n.评价;欣赏;感谢;领会,理解;价格上涨 | |
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intriguing
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adj.有趣的;迷人的v.搞阴谋诡计(intrigue的现在分词);激起…的好奇心 | |
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machinery
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n.(总称)机械,机器;机构 | |
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antagonism
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n.对抗,敌对,对立 | |
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rivalry
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n.竞争,竞赛,对抗 | |
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smoothly
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adv.平滑地,顺利地,流利地,流畅地 | |
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impartiality
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n. 公平, 无私, 不偏 | |
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tact
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n.机敏,圆滑,得体 | |
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gracefully
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ad.大大方方地;优美地 | |
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fully
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adv.完全地,全部地,彻底地;充分地 | |
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averse
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adj.厌恶的;反对的,不乐意的 | |
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marine
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adj.海的;海生的;航海的;海事的;n.水兵 | |
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naval
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adj.海军的,军舰的,船的 | |
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devoted
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adj.忠诚的,忠实的,热心的,献身于...的 | |
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traitors
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卖国贼( traitor的名词复数 ); 叛徒; 背叛者; 背信弃义的人 | |
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motives
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n.动机,目的( motive的名词复数 ) | |
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unnatural
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adj.不自然的;反常的 | |
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decided
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adj.决定了的,坚决的;明显的,明确的 | |
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