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Lectures V THE RELIGION OF HEALTHY MINDEDNESS
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  The advance of liberalism, so-called, in Christianity, during the past fifty years, may fairly becalled a victory of healthy-mindedness within the church over the morbidness2 with which the oldhell-fire theology was more harmoniously3 related. We have now whole congregations whosepreachers, far from magnifying our consciousness of sin, seem devoted4 rather to making little of it.

They ignore, or even deny, eternal punishment, and insist on the dignity rather than on thedepravity of man. They look at the continual preoccupation of the old-fashioned Christian1 with thesalvation of his soul as something sickly and reprehensible6 rather than admirable; and a sanguine7 and "muscular" attitude. which to our forefathers8 would have seemed purely9 heathen, has becomein their eyes an ideal element of Christian character. I am not asking whether or not they are right,I am only pointing out the change. The persons to whom I refer have still retained for the most parttheir nominal10 connection with Christianity, in spite of their discarding of its more pessimistictheological elements. But in that "theory of evolution" which, gathering11 momentum12 for a century,has within the past twenty-five years swept so rapidly over Europe and America, we see theground laid for a new sort of religion of Nature, which has entirely13 displaced Christianity from thethought of a large part of our generation. The idea of a universal evolution lends itself to a doctrineof general meliorism and progress which fits the religious needs of the healthy-minded so well thatit seems almost as if it might have been created for their use. Accordingly we find "evolutionism"interpreted thus optimistically and embraced as a substitute for the religion they were born in, by amultitude of our contemporaries who have either been trained scientifically, or been fond ofreading popular science, and who had already begun to be inwardly dissatisfied with what seemedto them the harshness and irrationality15 of the orthodox Christian scheme. As examples are betterthan descriptions, I will quote a document received in answer to Professor Starbuck's circular ofquestions.

The writer's state of mind may by courtesy be called a religion, for it is his reaction on the wholenature of things, it is systematic17 and reflective and it loyally binds18 him to certain inner ideals. Ithink you will recognize in him, coarse-meated and incapable19 of wounded spirit as he is, asufficiently familiar contemporary type.

Q. What does Religion mean to you?

A. It means nothing; and it seems, so far as I can observe useless to others. I am sixty-sevenyears of age and have resided in X fifty years, and have been in business forty-five, consequently Ihave some little experience of life and men, and some women too, and I find that the mostreligious and pious21 people are as a rule those most lacking in uprightness and morality.

The men who do not go to church or have any religious convictions are the best. Praying, singingof hymns22, and sermonizing are pernicious--they teach us to rely on some supernatural power, whenwe ought to rely on ourselves. I TEEtotally disbelieve in a God. The God-idea was begotten23 inignorance, fear, and a general lack of any knowledge of Nature. If I were to die now, being in ahealthy condition for my age, both mentally and physically25, I would just as lief, yes, rather, diewith a hearty26 enjoyment27 of music, sport, or any other rational pastime. As a timepiece stops, wedie--there being no immortality28 in either case.

Q. What comes before your mind corresponding to the words God, Heaven, Angels, etc?

A. Nothing whatever. I am a man without a religion. These words mean so much mythic bosh.

Q. Have you had any experiences which appeared providential?

A. None whatever. There is no agency of the superintending kind. A little judicious29 observationas well as knowledge of scientific law will convince any one of this fact.

Q. What things work most strongly on your emotions?

A. Lively songs and music; Pinafore instead of an Oratorio30. I like Scott, Burns, Byron,Longfellow, especially Shakespeare, etc., etc. Of songs, the Star-Spangled Banner, America,Marseillaise, and all moral and soul-stirring songs, but wishy-washy hymns are my detestation. I greatly enjoy nature, especially fine weather, and until within a few years used to walk Sundaysinto the country, twelve miles often, with no fatigue31, and bicycle forty or fifty. I have dropped thebicycle.

I never go to church, but attend lectures when there are any good ones. All of my thoughts andcogitations have been of a healthy and cheerful kind, for instead of doubts and fears I see things asthey are, for I endeavor to adjust myself to my environment. This I regard as the deepest law.

Mankind is a progressive animal. I am satisfied he will have made a great advance over his presentstatus a thousand years hence.

Q. What is your notion of sin?

A. It seems to me that sin is a condition, a disease, incidental to man's development not being yetadvanced enough. Morbidness over it increases the disease. We should think that a million of yearshence equity32, justice, and mental and physical good order will be so fixed33 and organized that noone will have any idea of evil or sin.

Q. What is your temperament34?

A. Nervous, active, wide-awake, mentally and physically. Sorry that Nature compels us to sleepat all.

If we are in search of a broken and a contrite35 heart, clearly we need not look to this brother. Hiscontentment with the finite incases him like a lobster-shell and shields him from all morbidrepining at his distance from the infinite. We have in him an excellent example of the optimismwhich may be encouraged by popular science.

To my mind a current far more important and interesting religiously than that which sets in fromnatural science towards healthy-mindedness is that which has recently poured over America andseems to be gathering force every day--I am ignorant what foothold it may yet have acquired inGreat Britain--and to which, for the sake of having a brief designation, I will give the title of the"Mind-cure movement." There are various sects37 of this "New Thought," to use another of thenames by which it calls itself; but their agreements are so profound that their differences may beneglected for my present purpose, and I will treat the movement, without apology, as if it were asimple thing.

It is a deliberately38 optimistic scheme of life, with both a speculative39 and a practical side. In itsgradual development during the last quarter of a century, it has taken up into itself a number ofcontributory elements, and it must now be reckoned with as a genuine religious power. It hasreached the stage, for example, when the demand for its literature is great enough for insincerestuff, mechanically produced for the market, to be to a certain extent supplied by publishers--aphenomenon never observed, I imagine, until a religion has got well past its earliest insecurebeginnings.

One of the doctrinal sources of Mind-cure is the four Gospels; another is Emersonianism or NewEngland transcendentalism; another is Berkeleyan idealism; another is spiritism, with its messagesof "law" and "progress" and "development"; another the optimistic popular science evolutionism ofwhich I have recently spoken; and, finally, Hinduism has contributed a strain. But the mostcharacteristic feature of the mind-cure movement is an inspiration much more direct. The leadersin this faith have had an intuitive belief in the all-saving power of healthy-minded attitudes as such, in the conquering efficacy of courage, hope, and trust, and a correlative contempt for doubt,fear, worry, and all nervously41 precautionary states of mind.[44] Their belief has in a general waybeen corroborated42 by the practical experience of their disciples43; and this experience forms to-day amass44 imposing45 in amount.

[44] "Cautionary Verses for Children": this title of a much used work, published early in thenineteenth century, shows how far the muse46 of evangelical protestantism in England, with hermind fixed on the idea of danger, had at last drifted away from the original gospel freedom. Mind-cure might be briefly47 called a reaction against all that religion of chronic48 anxiety which marked theearlier part of our century in the evangelical circles of England and America.

The blind have been made to see, the halt to walk; life-long invalids49 have had their healthrestored. The moral fruits have been no less remarkable50. The deliberate adoption51 of a healthy-minded attitude has proved possible to many who never supposed they had it in them; regenerationof character has gone on on an extensive scale; and cheerfulness has been restored to countlesshomes. The indirect influence of this has been great. The mind-cure principles are beginning so topervade the air that catches their spirit at second-hand52. One hears of the "Gospel of Relaxation53," of the "Don't(one) Worry Movement," of people who repeat to themselves, "Youth, health,vigor!" when dressing54 in the morning, as their motto for the day.

Complaints of the weather are getting to be forbidden in many households; and more and morepeople are recognizing it to be bad form to speak of disagreeable sensations, or to make much ofthe ordinary inconveniences and ailments55 of life. These general tonic56 effects on public opinionwould be good even if the more striking results were non-existent. But the latter abound57 so that wecan afford to overlook the innumerable failures and self-deceptions that are mixed in with them(for in everything human failure is a matter of course), and we can also overlook the verbiage58 of agood deal of the mind-cure literature, some of which is so moonstruck with optimism and sovaguely expressed that an academically trained intellect finds it almost impossible to read it at all.

The plain fact remains59 that the spread of the movement has been due to practical fruits, and theextremely practical turn of character of the American people has never been better shown than bythe fact that this, their only decidedly original contribution to the systematic philosophy of life,should be so intimately knit up with concrete therapeutics. To the importance of mind-cure themedical and clerical professions in the United States are beginning, though with muchrecalcitrancy and protesting, to open their eyes. It is evidently bound to develop still farther, bothspeculatively and practically, and its latest writers are far and away the ablest of the group.[45] Itmatters nothing that, just as there are hosts of persons who cannot pray, so there are greater hostswho cannot by any possibility be influenced by the mind-curers' ideas. For our immediate61 purpose,the important point is that so large a number should exist who CAN be so influenced. They form apsychic type to be studied with respect.[46]

[45] I refer to Mr. Horatio W. Dresser and Mr. Henry Wood, especially the former. Mr. Dresser'sworks are published by G. P. Putnam's Sons, New York and London; Mr. Wood's by Lee &Shepard Boston.

[46] Lest my own testimony63 be suspected, I will quote another reporter, Dr. H. H. Goddard, ofClark University, whose thesis on "the Effects of Mind on Body as evidenced by Faith Cures" ispublished in the American Journal of Psychology64 for 1899 (vol. x.). This critic, after a wide studyof the facts, concludes that the cures by mind-cure exist, but are in no respect different from thosenow officially recognized in medicine as cures by suggestion; and the end of his essay contains aninteresting physiological65 speculation66 as to the way in which the suggestive ideas may work (p. 67of the reprint). As regards the general phenomenon of mental cure itself, Dr. Goddard writes: "Inspite of the severe criticism we have made of reports of cure, there still remains a vast amount ofmaterial, showing a powerful influence of the mind in disease. Many cases are of diseases thathave been diagnosed and treated by the best physicians of the country, or which prominenthospitals have tried their hand at curing, but without success. People of culture and education havebeen treated by this method with satisfactory results. Diseases of long standing67 have beenameliorated, and even cured. . . . We have traced the mental element through primitive68 medicineand folk-medicine of to-day, patent medicine, and witchcraft69. We are convinced that it isimpossible to account for the existence of these practices, if they did not cure disease, and that ifthey cured disease, it must have been the mental element that was effective. The same argumentapplies to those modern schools of mental therapeutics--Divine Healing and Christian Science. Itis hardly conceivable that the large body of intelligent people who comprise the body knowndistinctively as Mental Scientists should continue to exist if the whole thing were a delusion70. It isnot a thing of a day; it is not confined to a few; it is not local. It is true that many failures arerecorded, but that only adds to the argument. There must be many and striking successes tocounterbalance the failures, otherwise the failures would have ended the delusion. . . . ChristianScience, Divine Healing, or Mental Science do not, and never can in the very nature of things, cureall diseases; nevertheless, the practical applications of the general principles of the broadest mentalscience will tend to prevent disease. . . . We do find sufficient evidence to convince us that theproper reform in mental attitude would relieve many a sufferer of ills that the ordinary physiciancannot touch; would even delay the approach of death to many a victim beyond the power ofabsolute cure, and the faithful adherence72 to a truer philosophy of life will keep many a man well,and give the doctor time to devote to alleviating73 ills that are unpreventable" (pp. 33, 34 of reprint).

To come now to a little closer quarters with their creed74. The fundamental pillar on which it restsis nothing more than the general basis of all religious experience, the fact that man has a dualnature, and is connected with two spheres of thought, a shallower and a profounder sphere, ineither of which he may learn to live more habitually75. The shallower and lower sphere is that of thefleshly sensations, instincts, and desires, of egotism, doubt, and the lower personal interests. Butwhereas Christian theology has always considered FROWARDNESS to be the essential vice76 ofthis part of human nature, the mind-curers say that the mark of the beast in it is FEAR; and this iswhat gives such an entirely new religious turn to their persuasion77.

"Fear," to quote a writer of the school, "has had its uses in the evolutionary78 process, and seems toconstitute the whole of forethought in most animals; but that it should remain any part of themental equipment of human civilized79 life is an absurdity80. I find that the fear clement81 of forethoughtis not stimulating82 to those more civilized persons to whom duty and attraction are the natural motives83, but is weakening and deterrent84. As soon as it becomes unnecessary, fear becomes apositive deterrent, and should be entirely removed, as dead flesh is removed from living tissue. Toassist in the analysis of fear and in the denunciation of its expressions, I have coined the wordfearthought to stand for the unprofitable element of forethought, and have defined the word 'worry'

as fearthought in contradistinction to forethought. I have also defined fearthought as the self-imposed or self-permitted suggestion of inferiority, in order to place it where it really belongs, inthe category of harmful, unnecessary, and therefore not respectable things."[47]

[47] Horace Fletcher: Happiness as found in Forethought Minus Fearthought, MenticultureSeries, ii. Chicago and New York, Stone. 1897, pp. 21-25, abridged85.

The "misery86-habit," the "martyr-habit," engendered87 by the prevalent "fearthought," get pungentcriticism from the mind-cure writers:-"Consider for a moment the habits of life into which we are born.

There are certain social conventions or customs and alleged88 requirements, there is a theologicalbias, a general view of the world. There are conservative ideas in regard to our early training, oureducation, marriage, and occupation in life. Following close upon this, there is a long series ofanticipations, namely, that we shall suffer certain children's diseases, diseases of middle life, andof old age; the thought that we shall grow old, lose our faculties89, and again become childlike; whilecrowning all is the fear of death. Then there is a long line of particular tears and trouble-bearingexpectations, such, for example, as ideas associated with certain articles of food, the dread90 of theeast wind, the terrors of hot weather, the aches and pains associated with cold weather, the fear ofcatching cold if one sits in a draught91, the coming of hay-fever upon the 14th of August in themiddle of the day, and so on through a long list of fears, dreads92, worriments, anxieties,anticipations, expectations, pessimisms, morbidities, and the whole ghostly train of fateful shapeswhich our fellow-men, and especially physicians, are ready to help us conjure94 up, an array worthyto rank with Bradley's 'unearthly ballet of bloodless categories.'

"Yet this is not all. This vast array is swelled95 by innumerable volunteers from daily life--the fearof accident, the possibility of calamity96, the loss of property, the chance of robbery, of fire, or theoutbreak of war. And it is not deemed sufficient to fear for ourselves. When a friend is taken ill,we must forth97 with fear the worst and apprehend98 death. If one meets with sorrow . . . sympathymeans to enter into and increase the suffering."[48]

[48] H. W. Dresser: Voices of Freedom, New York, 1899, p. 38.

"Man," to quote another writer, "often has fear stamped upon him before his entrance into theouter world; he is reared in fear; all his life is passed in bondage99 to fear of disease and death, andthus his whole mentality100 becomes cramped101, limited, and depressed102, and his body follows itsshrunken pattern and specification103 . . . Think of the millions of sensitive and responsive soulsamong our ancestors who have been under the dominion104 of such a perpetual nightmare! Is it notsurprising that health exists at all? Nothing but the boundless105 divine love? exuberance106, and vitality,constantly poured in, even though unconsciously to us, could in some degree neutralize107 such anocean of morbidity108."[49]

[49] Henry Wood: Ideal Suggestion through Mental Photography. Boston, 1899, p. 54.

Although the disciples of the mind-cure often use Christian terminology109, one sees from suchquotations how widely their notion of the fall of man diverges111 from that of ordinary Christians71.[50]

[50] Whether it differs so much from Christ's own notion is for the exegetists to decide.

According to Harnack, Jesus felt about evil and disease much as our mind-curers do. "What is theanswer which Jesus sends to John the Baptist?" asks Harnack, and says it is this: "'The blind see,and the lame113 walk, the lepers are cleansed114, and the deaf hear, the dead rise up, and the gospel ispreached to the poor.' That is the 'coming of the kingdom,' or rather in these saving works thekingdom is already there. By the overcoming and removal of misery, of need, of sickness, by theseactual effects John is to see that the new time has arrived. The casting out of devils is only a part ofthis work of redemption, but Jesus points to that as the sense and seal of his mission. Thus to thewretched, sick, and poor did he address himself, but not as a moralist, and without a trace ofsentimentalism. He never makes groups and departments of the ills, he never spends time in askingwhether the sick one 'deserves' to be cured; and it never occurs to him to sympathize with the painor the death. He nowhere says that sickness is a beneficent infliction115, and that evil has a healthyuse. No, he calls sickness sickness and health health. All evil, all wretchedness, is for himsomething dreadful; it is of the great kingdom of Satan; but he feels the power of the saviourwithin him. He knows that advance is possible only when weakness is overcome, when sickness ismade well." Das Wesen des Christenthums, 1900, p. 39.

Their notion of man's higher nature is hardly less divergent, being decidedly pantheistic. Thespiritual in man appears in the mind-cure philosophy as partly conscious, but chiefly subconscious116;and through the subconscious part of it we are already one with the Divine without any miracle ofgrace, or abrupt117 creation of a new inner man. As this view is variously expressed by differentwriters, we find in it traces of Christian mysticism, of transcendental idealism, of vedantism, andof the modern psychology of the subliminal118 self. A quotation110 or two will put us at the central pointof view:-"The great central fact of the universe is that spirit of infinite life and power that is back of all,that manifests itself in and through all. This spirit of infinite life and power that is back of all iswhat I call God. I care not what term you may use, be it Kindly119 Light, Providence120, the Over-Soul,Omnipotence121, or whatever term may be most convenient, so long as we are agreed in regard to thegreat central fact itself. God then fills the universe alone, so that all is from Him and in Him, andthere is nothing that is outside. He is the life of our life our very life itself. We are partakers of thelife of God; and though we differ from Him in that we are individualized spirits, while He is theInfinite Spirit, including us, as well as all else beside, yet in essence the life of God and the life ofman are identically the same, and so are one. They differ not in essence or quality; they differ indegree.

"The great central fact in human life is the coming into a conscious vital realization122 of ouroneness with this Infinite Life and the opening of ourselves fully123 to this divine inflow. In just thedegree that we come into a conscious realization of our oneness with the Infinite Life, and openourselves to this divine inflow, do we actualize in ourselves the qualities and powers of the Infinite Life, do we make ourselves channels through which the Infinite Intelligence and Power can work.

In just the degree in which you realize your oneness with the Infinite Spirit, you will exchange diseasefor ease, inharmony for harmony, suffering and pain for abounding124 health and strength. Torecognize our own divinity, and our intimate relation to the Universal, is to attach the belts of ourmachinery to the powerhouse of the Universe. One need remain in hell no longer than one choosesto; we can rise to any heaven we ourselves choose; and when we choose so to rise, all the higherpowers of the Universe combine to help us heavenward."[51]

[51] R. W. Trine: In Tune126 with the Infinite, 26th thousand, N.Y. 1899. I have strung scatteredpassages together.

Let me now pass from these abstracter statements to some more concrete accounts of experiencewith the mind-cure religion. I have many answers from correspondents--the only difficulty is tochoose. The first two whom I shall quote are my personal friends. One of them, a woman, writingas follows, expresses well the feeling of continuity with the Infinite Power, by which all mind-curedisciples are inspired.

"The first underlying127 cause of all sickness, weakness, or depression is the human sense ofseparateness from that Divine Energy which we call God. The soul which can feel and affirm inserene but jubilant confidence, as did the Nazarene: 'I and my Father are one,' has no further needof healer, or of healing. This is the whole truth in a nutshell, and other foundation for wholenesscan no man lay than this fact of impregnable divine union. Disease can no longer attack one whosefeet are planted on this rock, who feels hourly, momently, the influx129 of the Deific Breath. If onewith Omnipotence, how can weariness enter the consciousness, how illness assail130 that indomitablespark?

"This possibility of annulling131 forever the law of fatigue has been abundantly proven in my owncase; for my earlier life bears a record of many, many years of bedridden invalidism132, with spineand lower limbs paralyzed. My thoughts were no more impure133 than they are to-day, although mybelief in the necessity of illness was dense134 and unenlightened; but since my resurrection in theflesh, I have worked as a healer unceasingly for fourteen years without a vacation, and cantruthfully assert that I have never known a moment of fatigue or pain, although coming in touchconstantly with excessive weakness, illness, and disease of all kinds. For how can a conscious partof Deity135 be sick?--since 'Greater is he that is with us than all that can strive against us.'"My second correspondent, also a woman, sends me the following statement:-"Life seemed difficult to me at one time. I was always breaking down, and had several attacks ofwhat is called nervous prostration136, with terrible insomnia137, being on the verge112 of insanity138; besideshaving many other troubles, especially of the digestive organs. I had been sent away from home incharge of doctors, had taken all the narcotics139, stopped all work, been fed up, and in fact knew allthe doctors within reach. But I never recovered permanently140 till this New Thought took possessionof me.

"I think that the one thing which impressed me most was learning the fact that we must be inabsolutely constant relation or mental touch (this word is to me very expressive) with that essenceof life which permeates141 all and which we call God. This is almost unrecognizable unless we live it into ourselves ACTUALLY, that is, by a constant turning to the very innermost, deepestconsciousness of our real selves or of God in us, for illumination from within, just as we turn to thesun for light, warmth, and invigoration without. When you do this consciously, realizing that toturn inward to the light within you is to live in the presence of God or your divine self, you soondiscover the unreality of the objects to which you have hitherto been turning and which haveengrossed you without.

"I have come to disregard the meaning of this attitude for bodily health AS SUCH, because thatcomes of itself, as an incidental result, and cannot be found by any special mental act or desire tohave it, beyond that general attitude of mind I have referred to above. That which we usually makethe object of life, those outer things we are all so wildly seeking, which we so often live and diefor, but which then do not give us peace and happiness, they should all come of themselves asaccessory, and as the mere142 outcome or natural result of a far higher life sunk deep in the bosom143 ofthe spirit. This life is the real seeking of the kingdom of God, the desire for his supremacy144 in ourhearts, so that all else comes as that which shall be 'added unto you'--as quite incidental and as asurprise to us, perhaps; and yet it is the proof of the reality of the perfect poise145 in the very centre ofour being.

"When I say that we commonly make the object of our life that which we should not work forprimarily, I mean many things which the world considers praiseworthy and excellent, such assuccess in business, fame as author or artist, physician or lawyer, or renown146 in philanthropicundertakings. Such things should be results, not objects. I would also include pleasures of manykinds which seem harmless and good at the time, and are pursued because many accept them--Imean conventionalities, sociabilities, and fashions in their various development, these beingmostly approved by the masses, although they may be unreal, and even unhealthy superfluities."Here is another case, more concrete, also that of a woman. I read you these cases withoutcomment--they express so many varieties of the state of mind we are studying.

"I had been a sufferer from my childhood till my fortieth year. [Details of ill-health are givenwhich I omit.] I had been in Vermont several months hoping for good from the change of air, butsteadily growing weaker, when one day during the latter part of October, while resting in theafternoon, I suddenly heard as it were these words: 'You will be healed and do a work you neverdreamed of.' These words were impressed upon my mind with such power I said at once that onlyGod could have put them there. I believed them in spite of myself and of my suffering andweakness, which continued until Christmas, when I returned to Boston. Within two days a youngfriend offered to take me to a mental healer (this was January 7, 1881). The healer said: 'There isnothing but Mind; we are expressions of the One Mind; body is only a mortal belief; as a manthinketh so is he.' I could not accept all she said, but I translated all that was there for ME in thisway: 'There is nothing but God; I am created by Him, and am absolutely dependent upon Him;mind is given me to use; and by just so much of it as I will put upon the thought of right action inbody I shall be lifted out of bondage to my ignorance and fear and past experience.' That day Icommenced accordingly to take a little of every food provided for the family, constantly saying tomyself: 'The Power that created the stomach must take care of what I have eaten.' By holding thesesuggestions through the evening I went to bed and fell asleep, saying: 'I am soul, spirit, just onewith God's Thought of me,' and slept all night without waking, for the first time in several years [the distress-turns had usually recurred147 about two o'clock in the night]. I felt the next day like anescaped prisoner, and believed I had found the secret that would in time give me perfect health.

Within ten days I was able to eat anything provided for others, and after two weeks I began to havemy own positive mental suggestions of Truth, which were to me like stepping-stones. I will note afew of them, they came about two weeks apart.

"1st. I am Soul, therefore it is well with me.

"2d. I am Soul, therefore I am well.

"3d. A sort of inner vision of myself as a four-footed beast with a protuberance on every part ofmy body where I had suffering, with my own face, begging me to acknowledge it as myself. Iresolutely fixed my attention on being well, and refused to even look at my old self in this form.

"4th. Again the vision of the beast far in the background, with faint voice. Again refusal toacknowledge.

"5th. Once more the vision, but only of my eyes with the longing148 look; and again the refusal.

Then came the conviction, the inner consciousness, that I was perfectly149 well and always had been,for I was Soul, an expression of God's Perfect Thought. That was to me the perfect and completedseparation between what I was and what I appeared to be. I succeeded in never losing sight afterthis of my real being, by constantly affirming this truth, and by degrees (though it took me twoyears of hard work to get there) I expressed health continuously throughout my whole body.

"In my subsequent nineteen years' experience I have never known this Truth to fail when Iapplied it, though in my ignorance I have often failed to apply it, but through my failures I havelearned the simplicity150 and trustfulness of the little child."But I fear that I risk tiring you by so many examples, and I must lead you back to philosophicgeneralities again. You see already by such records of experience how impossible it is not to classmind-cure as primarily a religious movement. Its doctrine14 of the oneness of our life with God's lifeis in fact quite indistinguishable from an interpretation151 of Christ's message which in these veryGifford lectures has been defended by some of your very ablest Scottish religious philosophers.

[52]

[52] The Cairds, for example. In Edward Caird's Glasgow Lectures of 1890-92 passages like thisabound:-"The declaration made in the beginning of the ministry153 of Jesus that 'the time is fulfilled, and thekingdom of heaven is at hand,' passes with scarce a break into the announcement that 'the kingdomof God is among you'; and the importance of this announcement is asserted to be such that itmakes, so to speak, a difference IN KIND between the greatest saints and prophets who livedunder the previous reign154 of division, and 'the least in the kingdom of heaven.' The highest ideal isbrought close to men and declared to be within their reach, they are called on to be 'perfect as theirFather in heaven is perfect.' The sense of alienation155 and distance from God which had grown uponthe pious in Israel just in proportion as they had learned to look upon Him as no mere nationaldivinity, but as a God of justice who would punish Israel for its sin as certainly as Edom or Moab,is declared to be no longer in place; and the typical form of Christian prayer points to the abolitionof the contrast between this world and the next which through all the history of the Jews hadcontinually been growing wider: 'As in heaven, so on earth.' The sense of the division of man from God, as a finite being from the Infinite, as weak and sinful from the Omnipotent156 Goodness, is notindeed lost; but it can no longer overpower the consciousness of oneness. The terms 'Son' and'Father' at once state the opposition157 and mark its limit. They show that it is not an absoluteopposition, but one which presupposes an indestructible principle of unity158, that can and mustbecome a principle of reconciliation159." The Evolution of Religion, ii. pp. 146, 147.

But philosophers usually profess16 to give a quasi-logical explanation of the existence of evil,whereas of the general fact of evil in the world, the existence of the selfish, suffering, timorousfinite consciousness, the mind-curers, so far as I am acquainted with them, profess to give nospeculative explanation Evil is empirically there for them as it is for everybody, but the practicalpoint of view predominates, and it would ill agree with the spirit of their system to spend time inworrying over it as a "mystery" or "problem," or in "laying to heart" the lesson of its experience,after the manner of the Evangelicals. Don't reason about it, as Dante says, but give a glance andpass beyond! It is Avidhya, ignorance! something merely to be outgrown160 and left be hind,transcended and forgotten. Christian Science so-called, the sect36 of Mrs. Eddy161, is the most radicalbranch of mind-cure in its dealings with evil. For it evil is simply a LIE, and any one whomentions it is a liar20. The optimistic ideal of duty forbids us to pay it the compliment even ofexplicit attention. Of course, as our next lectures will show us, this is a bad speculative omission,but it is intimately linked with the practical merits of the system we are examining. Why regret aphilosophy of evil, a mind-curer would ask us, if I can put you in possession of a life of good?

After all, it is the life that tells; and mind-cure has developed a living system of mental hygienewhich may well claim to have thrown all previous literature of the Diatetit der Seele into the shade.

This system is wholly and exclusively compacted of optimism: "Pessimism93 leads to weakness.

Optimism leads to power." "Thoughts are things," as one of the most vigorous mind-cure writersprints in bold type at the bottom of each of his pages; and if your thoughts are of health, youth,vigor, and success, before you know it these things will also be your outward portion. No one canfail of the regenerative influence of optimistic thinking, pertinaciously163 pursued. Every man ownsindefeasibly this inlet to the divine. Fear, on the contrary, and all the contracted and egoistic modesof thought, are inlets to destruction. Most mind-curers here bring in a doctrine that thoughts are"forces," and that, by virtue164 of a law that like attracts like, one man's thoughts draw to themselvesas allies all the thoughts of the same character that exist the world over. Thus one gets, by one'sthinking, reinforcements from elsewhere for the realization of one's desires; and the great point inthe conduct of life is to get the heavenly forces on one's side by opening one's own mind to theirinflux.

On the whole, one is struck by a psychological similarity between the mind-cure movement andthe Lutheran and Wesleyan movements. To the believer in moralism and works, with his anxiousquery, "What shall I do to be saved?" Luther and Wesley replied: "You are saved now, if youwould but believe it." And the mind-curers come with precisely165 similar words of emancipation166.

They speak, it is true, to persons for whom the conception of salvation5 has lost its ancienttheological meaning, but who labor167 nevertheless with the same eternal human difficulty. THINGSARE WRONG WITH THEM; and "What shall I do to be clear, right, sound, whole, well?" is theform of their question. And the answer is: "You ARE well, sound, and clear already, if you did but know it." "The whole matter may be summed up in one sentence," says one of the authors whom Ihave already quoted, "GOD IS WELL, AND SO ARE YOU. You must awaken168 to the knowledgeof your real being."The adequacy of their message to the mental needs of a large fraction of mankind is what gaveforce to those earlier gospels. Exactly the same adequacy holds in the case of the mind-curemessage, foolish as it may sound upon its surface; and seeing its rapid growth in influence, and itstherapeutic triumphs, one is tempted169 to ask whether it may not be destined170 (probably by veryreason of the crudity171 and extravagance of many of its manifestations[53]) to play a part almost asgreat in the evolution of the popular religion of the future as did those earlier movements in theirday.

[53] It remains to be seen whether the school of Mr. Dresser, which assumes more and more theform of mind-cure experience and academic philosophy mutually impregnating each other, willscore the practical triumphs of the less critical and rational sects.

But I here fear that I may begin to "jar upon the nerves" of some of the members of thisacademic audience. Such contemporary vagaries172, you may think, should hardly take so large aplace in dignified173 Gifford lectures. I can only beseech174 you to have patience. The whole outcome ofthese lectures will, I imagine, be the emphasizing to your mind of the enormous diversities whichthe spiritual lives of different men exhibit. Their wants, their susceptibilities, and their capacitiesall vary and must be classed under different heads. The result is that we have really different typesof religious experience; and, seeking in these lectures closer acquaintance with the healthy-mindedtype, we must take it where we find it in most radical162 form. The psychology of individual types ofcharacter has hardly begun even to be sketched175 as yet--our lectures may possibly serve as a crumb-like contribution to the structure. The first thing to bear in mind (especially if we ourselves belongto the clerico-academic-scientific type, the officially and conventionally "correct" type, "the deadlyrespectable" type, for which to ignore others is a besetting176 temptation) is that nothing can be morestupid than to bar out phenomena177 from our notice, merely because we are incapable of taking partin anything like them ourselves.

Now the history of Lutheran salvation by faith, of methodistic conversions178, and of what I call themind-cure movement seems to prove the existence of numerous persons in whom--at any rate at acertain stage in their development--a change of character for the better, so far from beingfacilitated by the rules laid down by official moralists, will take place all the more successfully ifthose rules be exactly reversed. Official moralists advise us never to relax our strenuousness180. "Bevigilant, day and night," they adjure181 us; "hold your passive tendencies in check; shrink from noeffort; keep your will like a bow always bent182." But the persons I speak of find that all thisconscious effort leads to nothing but failure and vexation in their hands, and only makes themtwofold more the children of hell they were before. The tense and voluntary attitude becomes inthem an impossible fever and torment183. Their machinery125 refuses to run at all when the bearings aremade so hot and the belts so tight.

Under these circumstances the way to success, as vouched184 for by innumerable authentic185 personalnarrations, is by an anti-moralistic method, by the "surrender" of which I spoke40 in my secondlecture. Passivity, not activity; relaxation, not intentness, should be now the rule. Give up the feeling of responsibility, let go your hold, resign the care of your destiny to higher powers, begenuinely indifferent as to what becomes of it all, and you will find not only that you gain a perfectinward relief, but often also, in addition, the particular goods you sincerely thought you wererenouncing. This is the salvation through self-despair, the dying to be truly born, of Lutherantheology, the passage into NOTHING of which Jacob Behmen writes. To get to it, a critical pointmust usually be passed, a corner turned within one. Something must give way, a native hardnessmust break down and liquefy; and this event (as we shall abundantly see hereafter) is frequentlysudden and automatic, and leaves on the Subject an impression that he has been wrought186 on by anexternal power.

Whatever its ultimate significance may prove to be, this is certainly one fundamental form ofhuman experience. Some say that the capacity or incapacity for it is what divides the religiousfrom the merely moralistic character. With those who undergo it in its fullness, no criticism availsto cast doubt on its reality. They KNOW; for they have actually FELT the higher powers, in givingup the tension of their personal will.

A story which revivalist preachers often tell is that of a man who found himself at night slippingdown the side of a precipice188.

At last he caught a branch which stopped his fall, and remained clinging to it in misery for hours.

But finally his fingers had to loose their hold, and with a despairing farewell to life, he let himselfdrop. He fell just six inches. If he had given up the struggle earlier, his agony would have beenspared. As the mother earth received him, so, the preachers tell us, will the everlasting189 armsreceive us if we confide128 absolutely in them, and give up the hereditary190 habit of relying on ourpersonal strength, with its precautions that cannot shelter and safeguards that never save.

The mind-curers have given the widest scope to this sort of experience. They have demonstratedthat a form of regeneration by relaxing, by letting go, psychologically indistinguishable from theLutheran justification191 by faith and the Wesleyan acceptance of free grace, is within the reach ofpersons who have no conviction of sin and care nothing for the Lutheran theology. It is but givingyour little private convulsive self a rest, and finding that a greater Self is there. The results, slow orsudden, or great or small, of the combined optimism and expectancy192, the regenerative phenomenawhich ensue on the abandonment of effort, remain firm facts of human nature, no matter whetherwe adopt a theistic, a pantheistic-idealistic, or a medical-materialistic view of their ultimate causalexplanation.[54]

[54] The theistic explanation is by divine grace, which creates a new nature within one themoment the old nature is sincerely given up. The pantheistic explanation (which is that of mostmind-curers) is by the merging193 of the narrower private self into the wider or greater self, the spiritof the universe (which is your own "subconscious" self), the moment the isolating194 barriers ofmistrust and anxiety are removed. The medico-materialistic explanation is that simpler cerebralprocesses act more freely where they are left to act automatically by the shunting-out ofphysiologically (though in this instance not spiritually) "higher" ones which, seeking to regulate,only succeed in inhibiting195 results.--Whether this third explanation might, in a psycho-physicalaccount of the universe, be combined with either of the others may be left an open question here.

When we take up the phenomena of revivalistic conversion179, we shall learn something more aboutall this. Meanwhile I will say a brief word about the mind-curer's METHODS.

They are of course largely suggestive. The suggestive influence of environment plays anenormous part in all spiritual education.

But the word "suggestion," having acquired official status, is unfortunately already beginning toplay in many quarters the part of a wet blanket upon investigation196, being used to fend152 off allinquiry into the varying susceptibilities of individual cases. "Suggestion" is only another name forthe power of ideas, SO FAR AS THEY PROVE EFFICACIOUS OVER BELIEF ANDCONDUCT. Ideas efficacious over some people prove inefficacious over others. Ideas efficaciousat some times and in some human surroundings are not so at other times and elsewhere. The ideasof Christian churches are not efficacious in the therapeutic60 direction to-day, whatever they mayhave been in earlier centuries; and when the whole question is as to why the salt has lost its savorhere or gained it there, the mere blank waving of the word "suggestion" as if it were a banner givesno light. Dr. Goddard, whose candid197 psychological essay on Faith Cures ascribes them to nothingbut ordinary suggestion, concludes by saying that "Religion [and by this he seems to mean ourpopular Christianity] has in it all there is in mental therapeutics, and has it in its best form. Livingup to [our religious] ideas will do anything for us that can be done." And this in spite of the actualfact that the popular Christianity does absolutely NOTHING, or did nothing until mind-cure cameto the rescue.[55]

[55] Within the churches a disposition198 has always prevailed to regard sickness as a visitation;something sent by God for our good, either as chastisement199, as warning, or as opportunity forexercising virtue, and, in the Catholic Church, of earning "merit." "Illness," says a good Catholicwriter P. Lejeune: (Introd. a la Vie Mystique, 1899, p. 218), "is the most excellent corporealmortifications, the mortification200 which one has not one's self chosen, which is imposed directly byGod, and is the direct expression of his will. 'If other mortifications are of silver,' Mgr. Gay says,'this one is of gold; since although it comes of ourselves, coming as it does of original sin, still onits greater side, as coming (like all that happens) from the providence of God, it is of divinemanufacture. And how just are its blows! And how efficacious it is! . . . I do not hesitate to say thatpatience in a long illness is mortification's very masterpiece, and consequently the triumph ofmortified souls.'" According to this view, disease should in any case be submissively accepted, andit might under certain circumstances even be blasphemous201 to wish it away.

Of course there have been exceptions to this, and cures by special miracle have at all times beenrecognized within the church's pale, almost all the great saints having more or less performedthem. It was one of the heresies202 of Edward Irving, to maintain them still to be possible. Anextremely pure faculty203 of healing after confession204 and conversion on the patient's part, and prayeron the priest's, was quite spontaneously developed in the German pastor205, Joh. ChristophBlumhardt, in the early forties and exerted during nearly thirty years. Blumhardt's Life by Zundel(5th edition, Zurich, 1887) gives in chapters ix., x., xi., and xvii. a pretty full account of his healingactivity, which he invariably ascribed to direct divine interposition. Blumhardt was a singularlypure, simple, and non-fanatical character, and in this part of his work followed no previous model.

In Chicago to-day we have the case of Dr. J. A. Dowie, a Scottish Baptist preacher, whose weekly "Leaves of Healing" were in the year of grace 1900 in their sixth volume, and who, although hedenounces the cures wrought in other sects as "diabolical206 counterfeits207" of his own exclusively"Divine Healing," must on the whole be counted into the mind-cure movement. In mind-curecircles the fundamental article of faith is that disease should never be accepted. It is wholly of thepit. God wants us to be absolutely healthy, and we should not tolerate ourselves on any lowerterms.

An idea, to be suggestive, must come to the individual with the force of a revelation. The mind-cure with its gospel of healthy-mindedness has come as a revelation to many whose hearts thechurch Christianity had left hardened. It has let loose their springs of higher life. In what can theoriginality of any religious movement consist, save in finding a channel, until then sealed up,through which those springs may be set free in some group of human beings?

The force of personal faith, enthusiasm, and example, and above all the force of novelty, arealways the prime suggestive agency in this kind of success. If mind-cure should ever becomeofficial, respectable, and intrenched, these elements of suggestive efficacy will be lost. In its acuterstages every religion must be a homeless Arab of the desert. The church knows this well enough,with its everlasting inner struggle of the acute religion of the few against the chronic religion of themany, indurated into an obstructiveness worse than that which irreligion opposes to the movings ofthe Spirit. "We may pray," says Jonathan Edwards, "concerning all those saints that are not livelyChristians, that they may either be enlivened, or taken away; if that be true that is often said bysome at this day, that these cold dead saints do more hurt than natural men, and lead more souls tohell, and that it would be well for mankind if they were all dead."[56]

[56] Edwards, from whose book on the Revival187 in New England I quote these words, dissuadesfrom such a use of prayer, but it is easy to see that he enjoys making his thrust at the cold deadchurch members.

The next condition of success is the apparent existence, in large numbers, of minds who unitehealthy-mindedness with readiness for regeneration by letting go. Protestantism has been toopessimistic as regards the natural man, Catholicism has been too legalistic and moralistic, foreither the one or the other to appeal in any generous way to the type of character formed of thispeculiar mingling209 of elements. However few of us here present may belong to such a type, it isnow evident that it forms a specific moral combination, well represented in the world.

Finally, mind-cure has made what in our protestant countries is an unprecedentedly210 great use ofthe subconscious life. To their reasoned advice and dogmatic assertion, its founders211 have addedsystematic exercise in passive relaxation, concentration, and meditation212, and have even invokedsomething like hypnotic practice. I quote some passages at random:-"The value, the potency214 of ideals is the great practical truth on which the New Thought moststrongly insists--the development namely from within outward, from small to great.[57]

Consequently one's thought should be centred on the ideal outcome, even though this trust beliterally like a step in the dark.[58] To attain215 the ability thus effectively to direct the mind, the NewThought advises the practice of concentration, or in other words, the attainment216 of self-control.

One is to learn to marshal the tendencies of the mind, so that they may be held together as a unit by the chosen ideal. To this end, one should set apart times for silent meditation, by one's self,preferably in a room where the surroundings are favorable to spiritual thought. In New Thoughtterms, this is called 'entering the silence.'"[59]

[57] H. W. DRESSER: Voices of Freedom, 46.

[58] Dresser: Living by the spirit, 58.

[59] Dresser: Voices of Freedom, 33.

"The time will come when in the busy office or on the noisy street you can enter into the silenceby simply drawing the mantle217 of your own thoughts about you and realizing that there andeverywhere the Spirit of Infinite Life, Love, Wisdom, Peace, Power, and Plenty is guiding,keeping, protecting, leading you. This is the spirit of continual prayer.[60] One of the mostintuitive men we ever met had a desk at a city office where several other gentlemen were doingbusiness constantly, and often talking loudly. Entirely undisturbed by the many various soundsabout him, this self-centred faithful man would, in any moment of perplexity, draw the curtains ofprivacy so completely about him that he would be as fully inclosed in his own psychic62 aura, andthereby as effectually removed from all distractions218, as though he were alone in some primevalwood. Taking his difficulty with him into the mystic silence in the form of a direct question, towhich he expected a certain answer, he would remain utterly219 passive until the reply came, andnever once through many years' experience did he find himself disappointed or misled."[61]

[60] Trine: In Tune with the Infinite, p. 214[61] Trine: p. 117.

Wherein, I should like to know, does this INTRINSICALLY differ from the practice of"recollection" which plays so great a part in Catholic discipline? Otherwise called the practice ofthe presence of God (and so known among ourselves, as for instance in Jeremy Taylor), it is thusdefined by the eminent220 teacher Alvarez de Paz in his work on Contemplation.

"It is the recollection of God, the thought of God, which in all places and circumstances makesus see him present, lets us commune respectfully and lovingly with him, and fills us with desireand affection for him. . . . Would you escape from every ill? Never lose this recollection of God,neither in prosperity nor in adversity, nor on any occasion whichsoever it be. Invoke213 not, to excuseyourself from this duty, either the difficulty or the importance of your business, for you can alwaysremember that God sees you, that you are under his eye. If a thousand times an hour you forgethim, reanimate a thousand times the recollection.

If you cannot practice this exercise continuously, at least make yourself as familiar with it aspossible; and, like unto those who in a rigorous winter draw near the fire as often as they can, go asoften as you can to that ardent221 fire which will warm your soul."[62]

[62] Quoted by Lejeune: Introd. a la vie Mystique, 1899, p. 66.

All the external associations of the Catholic discipline are of course unlike anything in mind-curethought, but the purely spiritual part of the exercise is identical in both communions, and in both communions those who urge it write with authority, for they have evidently experienced in theirown persons that whereof they tell. Compare again some mind-cure utterances:-"High, healthful, pure thinking can be encouraged, promoted, and strengthened. Its current canbe turned upon grand ideals until it forms a habit and wears a channel. By means of such disciplinethe mental horizon can be flooded with the sunshine of beauty, wholeness, and harmony. Toinaugurate pure and lofty thinking may at first seem difficult, even almost mechanical, butperseverance will at length render it easy, then pleasant, and finally delightful222.

"The soul's real world is that which it has built of its thoughts, mental states, and imaginations. Ifwe WILL, we can turn our backs upon the lower and sensuous223 plane, and lift ourselves into therealm of the spiritual and Real, and there gain a residence. The assumption of states of expectancyand receptivity will attract spiritual sunshine, and it will flow in as naturally as air inclines to avacuum. . . . Whenever the though; is not occupied with one's daily duty or profession, it should hesent aloft into the spiritual atmosphere. There are quiet leisure moments by day, and wakeful hoursat night, when this wholesome224 and delightful exercise may be engaged in to great advantage. Ifone who has never made any systematic effort to lift and control the thought-forces will, for asingle month, earnestly pursue the course here suggested, he will be surprised and delighted at theresult, and nothing will induce him to go back to careless, aimless, and superficial thinking. Atsuch favorable seasons the outside world, with all its current of daily events, is barred out, and onegoes into the silent sanctuary225 of the inner temple of soul to commune and aspire226. The spiritualhearing becomes delicately sensitive, so that the 'still, small voice' is audible, the tumultuouswaves of external sense are hushed, and there is a great calm. The ego24 gradually becomesconscious that it is face to face with the Divine Presence; that mighty227, healing, loving, Fatherly lifewhich is nearer to us than we are to ourselves. There is soul contact with the Parent-Soul, and aninflux of life, love, virtue, health, and happiness from the Inexhaustible Fountain."[63]

[63] HENRY Wood: Ideal suggestion through Mental Photography, pp. 51, 70 (abridged).

When we reach the subject of mysticism, you will undergo so deep an immersion228 into theseexalted states of consciousness as to be wet all over, if I may so express myself; and the coldshiver of doubt with which this little sprinkling may affect you will have long since passed away-doubt,I mean, as to whether all such writing be not mere abstract talk and rhetoric229 set down pourencourager les autres. You will then be convinced, I trust, that these states of consciousness of"union" form a perfectly definite class of experiences, of which the soul may occasionally partake,and which certain persons may live by in a deeper sense than they live by anything else with whichthey have acquaintance. This brings me to a general philosophical230 reflection with which I shouldlike to pass from the subject of healthy-mindedness, and close a topic which I fear is already onlytoo long drawn231 out. It concerns the relation of all this systematized healthy-mindedness and mind-cure religion to scientific method and the scientific life.

In a later lecture I shall have to treat explicitly232 of the relation of religion to science on the onehand, and to primeval savage233 thought on the other. There are plenty of persons to-day--"scientists"or "positivists," they are fond of calling themselves--who will tell you that religious thought is amere survival, an atavistic reversion to a type of consciousness which humanity in its moreenlightened examples has long since left behind and out-grown. If you ask them to explain themselves more fully, they will probably say that for primitive thought everything is conceived ofunder the form of personality. The savage thinks that things operate by personal forces, and for thesake of individual ends. For him, even external nature obeys individual needs and claims, just as ifthese were so many elementary powers. Now science, on the other hand, these positivists say, hasproved that personality, so far from being an elementary force in nature, is but a passive resultantof the really elementary forces, physical, chemical, physiological, and psycho-physical, which areall impersonal234 and general in character. Nothing individual accomplishes anything in the universesave in so far as it obeys and exemplifies some universal law. Should you then inquire of them bywhat means science has thus supplanted235 primitive thought, and discredited236 its personal way oflooking at things, they would undoubtedly237 say it has been by the strict use of the method ofexperimental verification. Follow out science's conceptions practically, they will say, theconceptions that ignore personality altogether, and you will always be corroborated. The world isso made that all your expectations will be experientially verified so long, and only so long, as youkeep the terms from which you infer them impersonal and universal.

But here we have mind-cure, with her diametrically opposite philosophy, setting up an exactlyidentical claim. Live as if I were true, she says, and every day will practically prove you right. Thatthe controlling energies of nature are personal, that your own personal thoughts are forces, that thepowers of the universe will directly respond to your individual appeals and needs, are propositionswhich your whole bodily and mental experience will verify. And that experience does largelyverify these primeval religious ideas is proved by the fact that the mind-cure movement spreads asit does, not by proclamation and assertion simply, but by palpable experiential results. Here, in thevery heyday238 of science's authority, it carries on an aggressive warfare239 against the scientificphilosophy, and succeeds by using science's own peculiar208 methods and weapons. Believing that ahigher power will take care of us in certain ways better than we can take care of ourselves, if weonly genuinely throw ourselves upon it and consent to use it, it finds the belief, not only notimpugned, but corroborated by its observation.

How conversions are thus made, and converts confirmed, is evident enough from the narrativeswhich I have quoted. I will quote yet another couple of shorter ones to give the matter a perfectlyconcrete turn. Here is one:-"One of my first experiences in applying my teaching was two months after I first saw the healer.

I fell, spraining240 my right ankle, which I had done once four years before, having then had to use acrutch and elastic241 anklet for some months, and carefully guarding it ever since. As soon as I wason my feet I made the positive suggestion (and felt it through all my being): 'There is nothing butGod, and all life comes from him perfectly. I cannot be sprained242 or hurt, I will let him take care ofit.' Well, I never had a sensation in it, and I walked two miles that day."The next case not only illustrates243 experiment and verification, but also the element of passivityand surrender of which awhile ago I made such account.

"I went into town to do some shopping one morning, and I had not been gone long before Ibegan to feel ill. The ill feeling increased rapidly, until I had pains in all my bones, nausea244 andfaintness, headache, all the symptoms in short that precede an attack of influenza245. I thought that Iwas going to have the grippe, epidemic246 then in Boston, or something worse. The mind-cureteachings that I had been listening to all the winter thereupon came into my mind, and I thought that here was an opportunity to test myself. On my way home I met a friend, I refrained with someeffort from telling her how I felt. That was the first step gained. I went to bed immediately, and myhusband wished to send fo

点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 Christian KVByl     
adj.基督教徒的;n.基督教徒
参考例句:
  • They always addressed each other by their Christian name.他们总是以教名互相称呼。
  • His mother is a sincere Christian.他母亲是个虔诚的基督教徒。
2 morbidness d413f5789d194698d16b1f70a47d33a0     
(精神的)病态
参考例句:
  • Too much self-inspection leads to morbidness; too little conducts to careless and hasty action. 不过过度的自我检讨会成为病态,检讨不足则又导致行事粗心草率。 来自互联网
3 harmoniously 6d3506f359ad591f490ad1ca8a719241     
和谐地,调和地
参考例句:
  • The president and Stevenson had worked harmoniously over the last eighteen months. 在过去一年半里,总统和史蒂文森一起工作是融洽的。
  • China and India cannot really deal with each other harmoniously. 中国和印度这两只猛兽不可能真心实意地和谐相处。
4 devoted xu9zka     
adj.忠诚的,忠实的,热心的,献身于...的
参考例句:
  • He devoted his life to the educational cause of the motherland.他为祖国的教育事业贡献了一生。
  • We devoted a lengthy and full discussion to this topic.我们对这个题目进行了长时间的充分讨论。
5 salvation nC2zC     
n.(尤指基督)救世,超度,拯救,解困
参考例句:
  • Salvation lay in political reform.解救办法在于政治改革。
  • Christians hope and pray for salvation.基督教徒希望并祈祷灵魂得救。
6 reprehensible 7VpxT     
adj.该受责备的
参考例句:
  • Lying is not seen as being morally reprehensible in any strong way.人们并不把撒谎当作一件应该大加谴责的事儿。
  • It was reprehensible of him to be so disloyal.他如此不忠,应受谴责。
7 sanguine dCOzF     
adj.充满希望的,乐观的,血红色的
参考例句:
  • He has a sanguine attitude to life.他对于人生有乐观的看法。
  • He is not very sanguine about our chances of success.他对我们成功的机会不太乐观。
8 forefathers EsTzkE     
n.祖先,先人;祖先,祖宗( forefather的名词复数 );列祖列宗;前人
参考例句:
  • They are the most precious cultural legacy our forefathers left. 它们是我们祖先留下来的最宝贵的文化遗产。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • All of us bristled at the lawyer's speech insulting our forefathers. 听到那个律师在讲演中污蔑我们的祖先,大家都气得怒发冲冠。 来自《简明英汉词典》
9 purely 8Sqxf     
adv.纯粹地,完全地
参考例句:
  • I helped him purely and simply out of friendship.我帮他纯粹是出于友情。
  • This disproves the theory that children are purely imitative.这证明认为儿童只会单纯地模仿的理论是站不住脚的。
10 nominal Y0Tyt     
adj.名义上的;(金额、租金)微不足道的
参考例句:
  • The king was only the nominal head of the state. 国王只是这个国家名义上的元首。
  • The charge of the box lunch was nominal.午餐盒饭收费很少。
11 gathering ChmxZ     
n.集会,聚会,聚集
参考例句:
  • He called on Mr. White to speak at the gathering.他请怀特先生在集会上讲话。
  • He is on the wing gathering material for his novels.他正忙于为他的小说收集资料。
12 momentum DjZy8     
n.动力,冲力,势头;动量
参考例句:
  • We exploit the energy and momentum conservation laws in this way.我们就是这样利用能量和动量守恒定律的。
  • The law of momentum conservation could supplant Newton's third law.动量守恒定律可以取代牛顿第三定律。
13 entirely entirely     
ad.全部地,完整地;完全地,彻底地
参考例句:
  • The fire was entirely caused by their neglect of duty. 那场火灾完全是由于他们失职而引起的。
  • His life was entirely given up to the educational work. 他的一生统统献给了教育工作。
14 doctrine Pkszt     
n.教义;主义;学说
参考例句:
  • He was impelled to proclaim his doctrine.他不得不宣扬他的教义。
  • The council met to consider changes to doctrine.宗教议会开会考虑更改教义。
15 irrationality 1b326c0c44534307351536f698c4f5c1     
n. 不合理,无理性
参考例句:
  • Such stoppages as are observed in practice are thus attributed to mistakes or even irrationality. 在实际情况中看到的这些停工,要归因于失误或甚至是非理性的东西。
  • For all its harshness and irrationality, it is the only world we've got. 尽管它严酷而又不合理,它终究是我们具有的唯一的世界。
16 profess iQHxU     
v.声称,冒称,以...为业,正式接受入教,表明信仰
参考例句:
  • I profess that I was surprised at the news.我承认这消息使我惊讶。
  • What religion does he profess?他信仰哪种宗教?
17 systematic SqMwo     
adj.有系统的,有计划的,有方法的
参考例句:
  • The way he works isn't very systematic.他的工作不是很有条理。
  • The teacher made a systematic work of teaching.这个教师进行系统的教学工作。
18 binds c1d4f6440575ef07da0adc7e8adbb66c     
v.约束( bind的第三人称单数 );装订;捆绑;(用长布条)缠绕
参考例句:
  • Frost binds the soil. 霜使土壤凝结。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Stones and cement binds strongly. 石头和水泥凝固得很牢。 来自《简明英汉词典》
19 incapable w9ZxK     
adj.无能力的,不能做某事的
参考例句:
  • He would be incapable of committing such a cruel deed.他不会做出这么残忍的事。
  • Computers are incapable of creative thought.计算机不会创造性地思维。
20 liar V1ixD     
n.说谎的人
参考例句:
  • I know you for a thief and a liar!我算认识你了,一个又偷又骗的家伙!
  • She was wrongly labelled a liar.她被错误地扣上说谎者的帽子。
21 pious KSCzd     
adj.虔诚的;道貌岸然的
参考例句:
  • Alexander is a pious follower of the faith.亚历山大是个虔诚的信徒。
  • Her mother was a pious Christian.她母亲是一个虔诚的基督教徒。
22 hymns b7dc017139f285ccbcf6a69b748a6f93     
n.赞美诗,圣歌,颂歌( hymn的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • At first, they played the hymns and marches familiar to them. 起初他们只吹奏自己熟悉的赞美诗和进行曲。 来自英汉非文学 - 百科语料821
  • I like singing hymns. 我喜欢唱圣歌。 来自辞典例句
23 begotten 14f350cdadcbfea3cd2672740b09f7f6     
v.为…之生父( beget的过去分词 );产生,引起
参考例句:
  • The fact that he had begotten a child made him vain. 想起自己也生过孩子,他得意了。 来自辞典例句
  • In due course she bore the son begotten on her by Thyestes. 过了一定的时候,她生下了堤厄斯式斯使她怀上的儿子。 来自辞典例句
24 ego 7jtzw     
n.自我,自己,自尊
参考例句:
  • He is absolute ego in all thing.在所有的事情上他都绝对自我。
  • She has been on an ego trip since she sang on television.她上电视台唱过歌之后就一直自吹自擂。
25 physically iNix5     
adj.物质上,体格上,身体上,按自然规律
参考例句:
  • He was out of sorts physically,as well as disordered mentally.他浑身不舒服,心绪也很乱。
  • Every time I think about it I feel physically sick.一想起那件事我就感到极恶心。
26 hearty Od1zn     
adj.热情友好的;衷心的;尽情的,纵情的
参考例句:
  • After work they made a hearty meal in the worker's canteen.工作完了,他们在工人食堂饱餐了一顿。
  • We accorded him a hearty welcome.我们给他热忱的欢迎。
27 enjoyment opaxV     
n.乐趣;享有;享用
参考例句:
  • Your company adds to the enjoyment of our visit. 有您的陪同,我们这次访问更加愉快了。
  • After each joke the old man cackled his enjoyment.每逢讲完一个笑话,这老人就呵呵笑着表示他的高兴。
28 immortality hkuys     
n.不死,不朽
参考例句:
  • belief in the immortality of the soul 灵魂不灭的信念
  • It was like having immortality while you were still alive. 仿佛是当你仍然活着的时候就得到了永生。
29 judicious V3LxE     
adj.明智的,明断的,能作出明智决定的
参考例句:
  • We should listen to the judicious opinion of that old man.我们应该听取那位老人明智的意见。
  • A judicious parent encourages his children to make their own decisions.贤明的父亲鼓励儿女自作抉择。
30 oratorio f4dzt     
n.神剧,宗教剧,清唱剧
参考例句:
  • It's the world's most popular oratorio.这是世界上最流行的清唱剧。
  • The Glee Club decided to present an oratorio during their recital.高兴俱乐部的决定提出的清唱剧在其演奏。
31 fatigue PhVzV     
n.疲劳,劳累
参考例句:
  • The old lady can't bear the fatigue of a long journey.这位老妇人不能忍受长途旅行的疲劳。
  • I have got over my weakness and fatigue.我已从虚弱和疲劳中恢复过来了。
32 equity ji8zp     
n.公正,公平,(无固定利息的)股票
参考例句:
  • They shared the work of the house with equity.他们公平地分担家务。
  • To capture his equity,Murphy must either sell or refinance.要获得资产净值,墨菲必须出售或者重新融资。
33 fixed JsKzzj     
adj.固定的,不变的,准备好的;(计算机)固定的
参考例句:
  • Have you two fixed on a date for the wedding yet?你们俩选定婚期了吗?
  • Once the aim is fixed,we should not change it arbitrarily.目标一旦确定,我们就不应该随意改变。
34 temperament 7INzf     
n.气质,性格,性情
参考例句:
  • The analysis of what kind of temperament you possess is vital.分析一下你有什么样的气质是十分重要的。
  • Success often depends on temperament.成功常常取决于一个人的性格。
35 contrite RYXzf     
adj.悔悟了的,后悔的,痛悔的
参考例句:
  • She was contrite the morning after her angry outburst.她发了一顿脾气之后一早上追悔莫及。
  • She assumed a contrite expression.她装出一副后悔的表情。
36 sect 1ZkxK     
n.派别,宗教,学派,派系
参考例句:
  • When he was sixteen he joined a religious sect.他16岁的时候加入了一个宗教教派。
  • Each religious sect in the town had its own church.该城每一个宗教教派都有自己的教堂。
37 sects a3161a77f8f90b4820a636c283bfe4bf     
n.宗派,教派( sect的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • Members of these sects are ruthlessly persecuted and suppressed. 这些教派的成员遭到了残酷的迫害和镇压。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • He had subdued the religious sects, cleaned up Saigon. 他压服了宗教派别,刷新了西贡的面貌。 来自辞典例句
38 deliberately Gulzvq     
adv.审慎地;蓄意地;故意地
参考例句:
  • The girl gave the show away deliberately.女孩故意泄露秘密。
  • They deliberately shifted off the argument.他们故意回避这个论点。
39 speculative uvjwd     
adj.思索性的,暝想性的,推理的
参考例句:
  • Much of our information is speculative.我们的许多信息是带推测性的。
  • The report is highly speculative and should be ignored.那个报道推测的成分很大,不应理会。
40 spoke XryyC     
n.(车轮的)辐条;轮辐;破坏某人的计划;阻挠某人的行动 v.讲,谈(speak的过去式);说;演说;从某种观点来说
参考例句:
  • They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
  • The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。
41 nervously tn6zFp     
adv.神情激动地,不安地
参考例句:
  • He bit his lip nervously,trying not to cry.他紧张地咬着唇,努力忍着不哭出来。
  • He paced nervously up and down on the platform.他在站台上情绪不安地走来走去。
42 corroborated ab27fc1c50e7a59aad0d93cd9f135917     
v.证实,支持(某种说法、信仰、理论等)( corroborate的过去式 )
参考例句:
  • The evidence was corroborated by two independent witnesses. 此证据由两名独立证人提供。
  • Experiments have corroborated her predictions. 实验证实了她的预言。 来自《简明英汉词典》
43 disciples e24b5e52634d7118146b7b4e56748cac     
n.信徒( disciple的名词复数 );门徒;耶稣的信徒;(尤指)耶稣十二门徒之一
参考例句:
  • Judas was one of the twelve disciples of Jesus. 犹大是耶稣十二门徒之一。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • "The names of the first two disciples were --" “最初的两个门徒的名字是——” 来自英汉文学 - 汤姆历险
44 amass tL5ya     
vt.积累,积聚
参考例句:
  • How had he amassed his fortune?他是如何积累财富的呢?
  • The capitalists amass great wealth by exploiting workers.资本家剥削工人而积累了巨额财富。
45 imposing 8q9zcB     
adj.使人难忘的,壮丽的,堂皇的,雄伟的
参考例句:
  • The fortress is an imposing building.这座城堡是一座宏伟的建筑。
  • He has lost his imposing appearance.他已失去堂堂仪表。
46 muse v6CzM     
n.缪斯(希腊神话中的女神),创作灵感
参考例句:
  • His muse had deserted him,and he could no longer write.他已无灵感,不能再写作了。
  • Many of the papers muse on the fate of the President.很多报纸都在揣测总统的命运。
47 briefly 9Styo     
adv.简单地,简短地
参考例句:
  • I want to touch briefly on another aspect of the problem.我想简单地谈一下这个问题的另一方面。
  • He was kidnapped and briefly detained by a terrorist group.他被一个恐怖组织绑架并短暂拘禁。
48 chronic BO9zl     
adj.(疾病)长期未愈的,慢性的;极坏的
参考例句:
  • Famine differs from chronic malnutrition.饥荒不同于慢性营养不良。
  • Chronic poisoning may lead to death from inanition.慢性中毒也可能由虚弱导致死亡。
49 invalids 9666855fd5f6325a21809edf4ef7233e     
病人,残疾者( invalid的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • The invention will confer a benefit on all invalids. 这项发明将有助于所有的残疾人。
  • H?tel National Des Invalids is a majestic building with a golden hemispherical housetop. 荣军院是有着半球形镀金屋顶的宏伟建筑。
50 remarkable 8Vbx6     
adj.显著的,异常的,非凡的,值得注意的
参考例句:
  • She has made remarkable headway in her writing skills.她在写作技巧方面有了长足进步。
  • These cars are remarkable for the quietness of their engines.这些汽车因发动机没有噪音而不同凡响。
51 adoption UK7yu     
n.采用,采纳,通过;收养
参考例句:
  • An adoption agency had sent the boys to two different families.一个收养机构把他们送给两个不同的家庭。
  • The adoption of this policy would relieve them of a tremendous burden.采取这一政策会给他们解除一个巨大的负担。
52 second-hand second-hand     
adj.用过的,旧的,二手的
参考例句:
  • I got this book by chance at a second-hand bookshop.我赶巧在一家旧书店里买到这本书。
  • They will put all these second-hand goods up for sale.他们将把这些旧货全部公开出售。
53 relaxation MVmxj     
n.松弛,放松;休息;消遣;娱乐
参考例句:
  • The minister has consistently opposed any relaxation in the law.部长一向反对法律上的任何放宽。
  • She listens to classical music for relaxation.她听古典音乐放松。
54 dressing 1uOzJG     
n.(食物)调料;包扎伤口的用品,敷料
参考例句:
  • Don't spend such a lot of time in dressing yourself.别花那么多时间来打扮自己。
  • The children enjoy dressing up in mother's old clothes.孩子们喜欢穿上妈妈旧时的衣服玩。
55 ailments 6ba3bf93bc9d97e7fdc2b1b65b3e69d6     
疾病(尤指慢性病),不适( ailment的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • His ailments include a mild heart attack and arthritis. 他患有轻度心脏病和关节炎。
  • He hospitalizes patients for minor ailments. 他把只有小病的患者也送进医院。
56 tonic tnYwt     
n./adj.滋补品,补药,强身的,健体的
参考例句:
  • It will be marketed as a tonic for the elderly.这将作为老年人滋补品在市场上销售。
  • Sea air is Nature's best tonic for mind and body.海上的空气是大自然赋予的对人们身心的最佳补品。
57 abound wykz4     
vi.大量存在;(in,with)充满,富于
参考例句:
  • Oranges abound here all the year round.这里一年到头都有很多橙子。
  • But problems abound in the management of State-owned companies.但是在国有企业的管理中仍然存在不少问题。
58 verbiage wLyzq     
n.冗词;冗长
参考例句:
  • Stripped of their pretentious verbiage,his statements come dangerously close to inviting racial hatred.抛开那些夸大其词的冗词赘语不论,他的言论有挑起种族仇恨的危险。
  • Even in little 140-character bites,that's a lot of verbiage.即使限制在一条140个字也有很大一部分是废话。
59 remains 1kMzTy     
n.剩余物,残留物;遗体,遗迹
参考例句:
  • He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
  • The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。
60 therapeutic sI8zL     
adj.治疗的,起治疗作用的;对身心健康有益的
参考例句:
  • Therapeutic measures were selected to fit the patient.选择治疗措施以适应病人的需要。
  • When I was sad,music had a therapeutic effect.我悲伤的时候,音乐有治疗效力。
61 immediate aapxh     
adj.立即的;直接的,最接近的;紧靠的
参考例句:
  • His immediate neighbours felt it their duty to call.他的近邻认为他们有责任去拜访。
  • We declared ourselves for the immediate convocation of the meeting.我们主张立即召开这个会议。
62 psychic BRFxT     
n.对超自然力敏感的人;adj.有超自然力的
参考例句:
  • Some people are said to have psychic powers.据说有些人有通灵的能力。
  • She claims to be psychic and to be able to foretell the future.她自称有特异功能,能预知未来。
63 testimony zpbwO     
n.证词;见证,证明
参考例句:
  • The testimony given by him is dubious.他所作的证据是可疑的。
  • He was called in to bear testimony to what the police officer said.他被传入为警官所说的话作证。
64 psychology U0Wze     
n.心理,心理学,心理状态
参考例句:
  • She has a background in child psychology.她受过儿童心理学的教育。
  • He studied philosophy and psychology at Cambridge.他在剑桥大学学习哲学和心理学。
65 physiological aAvyK     
adj.生理学的,生理学上的
参考例句:
  • He bought a physiological book.他买了一本生理学方面的书。
  • Every individual has a physiological requirement for each nutrient.每个人对每种营养成分都有一种生理上的需要。
66 speculation 9vGwe     
n.思索,沉思;猜测;投机
参考例句:
  • Her mind is occupied with speculation.她的头脑忙于思考。
  • There is widespread speculation that he is going to resign.人们普遍推测他要辞职。
67 standing 2hCzgo     
n.持续,地位;adj.永久的,不动的,直立的,不流动的
参考例句:
  • After the earthquake only a few houses were left standing.地震过后只有几幢房屋还立着。
  • They're standing out against any change in the law.他们坚决反对对法律做任何修改。
68 primitive vSwz0     
adj.原始的;简单的;n.原(始)人,原始事物
参考例句:
  • It is a primitive instinct to flee a place of danger.逃离危险的地方是一种原始本能。
  • His book describes the march of the civilization of a primitive society.他的著作描述了一个原始社会的开化过程。
69 witchcraft pe7zD7     
n.魔法,巫术
参考例句:
  • The woman practising witchcraft claimed that she could conjure up the spirits of the dead.那个女巫说她能用魔法召唤亡灵。
  • All these things that you call witchcraft are capable of a natural explanation.被你们统统叫做巫术的那些东西都可以得到合情合理的解释。
70 delusion x9uyf     
n.谬见,欺骗,幻觉,迷惑
参考例句:
  • He is under the delusion that he is Napoleon.他患了妄想症,认为自己是拿破仑。
  • I was under the delusion that he intended to marry me.我误认为他要娶我。
71 Christians 28e6e30f94480962cc721493f76ca6c6     
n.基督教徒( Christian的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • Christians of all denominations attended the conference. 基督教所有教派的人都出席了这次会议。
  • His novel about Jesus caused a furore among Christians. 他关于耶稣的小说激起了基督教徒的公愤。
72 adherence KyjzT     
n.信奉,依附,坚持,固着
参考例句:
  • He was well known for his adherence to the rules.他因遵循这些规定而出名。
  • The teacher demanded adherence to the rules.老师要求学生们遵守纪律。
73 alleviating dc7b7d28594f8dd2e6389293cd401ede     
减轻,缓解,缓和( alleviate的现在分词 )
参考例句:
  • If it's alleviating pain,who knows what else it's doing? 如果它减轻了疼痛,天知道还影响什么?
  • Measuring poverty is not the same as alleviating it, of course. 当然,衡量贫困和减轻贫困是截然不同的。
74 creed uoxzL     
n.信条;信念,纲领
参考例句:
  • They offended against every article of his creed.他们触犯了他的每一条戒律。
  • Our creed has always been that business is business.我们的信条一直是公私分明。
75 habitually 4rKzgk     
ad.习惯地,通常地
参考例句:
  • The pain of the disease caused him habitually to furrow his brow. 病痛使他习惯性地紧皱眉头。
  • Habitually obedient to John, I came up to his chair. 我已经习惯于服从约翰,我来到他的椅子跟前。
76 vice NU0zQ     
n.坏事;恶习;[pl.]台钳,老虎钳;adj.副的
参考例句:
  • He guarded himself against vice.他避免染上坏习惯。
  • They are sunk in the depth of vice.他们堕入了罪恶的深渊。
77 persuasion wMQxR     
n.劝说;说服;持有某种信仰的宗派
参考例句:
  • He decided to leave only after much persuasion.经过多方劝说,他才决定离开。
  • After a lot of persuasion,she agreed to go.经过多次劝说后,她同意去了。
78 evolutionary Ctqz7m     
adj.进化的;演化的,演变的;[生]进化论的
参考例句:
  • Life has its own evolutionary process.生命有其自身的进化过程。
  • These are fascinating questions to be resolved by the evolutionary studies of plants.这些十分吸引人的问题将在研究植物进化过程中得以解决。
79 civilized UwRzDg     
a.有教养的,文雅的
参考例句:
  • Racism is abhorrent to a civilized society. 文明社会憎恶种族主义。
  • rising crime in our so-called civilized societies 在我们所谓文明社会中日益增多的犯罪行为
80 absurdity dIQyU     
n.荒谬,愚蠢;谬论
参考例句:
  • The proposal borders upon the absurdity.这提议近乎荒谬。
  • The absurdity of the situation made everyone laugh.情况的荒谬可笑使每个人都笑了。
81 clement AVhyV     
adj.仁慈的;温和的
参考例句:
  • A clement judge reduced his sentence.一位仁慈的法官为他减了刑。
  • The planet's history contains many less stable and clement eras than the holocene.地球的历史包含着许多不如全新世稳定与温和的地质时期。
82 stimulating ShBz7A     
adj.有启发性的,能激发人思考的
参考例句:
  • shower gel containing plant extracts that have a stimulating effect on the skin 含有对皮肤有益的植物精华的沐浴凝胶
  • This is a drug for stimulating nerves. 这是一种兴奋剂。
83 motives 6c25d038886898b20441190abe240957     
n.动机,目的( motive的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • to impeach sb's motives 怀疑某人的动机
  • His motives are unclear. 他的用意不明。
84 deterrent OmJzY     
n.阻碍物,制止物;adj.威慑的,遏制的
参考例句:
  • Large fines act as a deterrent to motorists.高额罚款是对开车的人的制约。
  • I put a net over my strawberries as a deterrent to the birds.我在草莓上罩了网,免得鸟歇上去。
85 abridged 47f00a3da9b4a6df1c48709a41fd43e5     
削减的,删节的
参考例句:
  • The rights of citizens must not be abridged without proper cause. 没有正当理由,不能擅自剥夺公民的权利。
  • The play was abridged for TV. 剧本经过节略,以拍摄电视片。
86 misery G10yi     
n.痛苦,苦恼,苦难;悲惨的境遇,贫苦
参考例句:
  • Business depression usually causes misery among the working class.商业不景气常使工薪阶层受苦。
  • He has rescued me from the mire of misery.他把我从苦海里救了出来。
87 engendered 9ea62fba28ee7e2bac621ac2c571239e     
v.产生(某形势或状况),造成,引起( engender的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • The issue engendered controversy. 这个问题引起了争论。
  • The meeting engendered several quarrels. 这次会议发生了几次争吵。 来自《简明英汉词典》
88 alleged gzaz3i     
a.被指控的,嫌疑的
参考例句:
  • It was alleged that he had taken bribes while in office. 他被指称在任时收受贿赂。
  • alleged irregularities in the election campaign 被指称竞选运动中的不正当行为
89 faculties 066198190456ba4e2b0a2bda2034dfc5     
n.能力( faculty的名词复数 );全体教职员;技巧;院
参考例句:
  • Although he's ninety, his mental faculties remain unimpaired. 他虽年届九旬,但头脑仍然清晰。
  • All your faculties have come into play in your work. 在你的工作中,你的全部才能已起到了作用。 来自《简明英汉词典》
90 dread Ekpz8     
vt.担忧,忧虑;惧怕,不敢;n.担忧,畏惧
参考例句:
  • We all dread to think what will happen if the company closes.我们都不敢去想一旦公司关门我们该怎么办。
  • Her heart was relieved of its blankest dread.她极度恐惧的心理消除了。
91 draught 7uyzIH     
n.拉,牵引,拖;一网(饮,吸,阵);顿服药量,通风;v.起草,设计
参考例句:
  • He emptied his glass at one draught.他将杯中物一饮而尽。
  • It's a pity the room has no north window and you don't get a draught.可惜这房间没北窗,没有过堂风。
92 dreads db0ee5f32d4e353c1c9df0c82a9c9c2f     
n.恐惧,畏惧( dread的名词复数 );令人恐惧的事物v.害怕,恐惧,担心( dread的第三人称单数 )
参考例句:
  • The little boy dreads going to bed in the dark. 这孩子不敢在黑暗中睡觉。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • A burnt child dreads the fire. [谚]烧伤过的孩子怕火(惊弓之鸟,格外胆小)。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
93 pessimism r3XzM     
n.悲观者,悲观主义者,厌世者
参考例句:
  • He displayed his usual pessimism.他流露出惯有的悲观。
  • There is the note of pessimism in his writings.他的著作带有悲观色彩。
94 conjure tnRyN     
v.恳求,祈求;变魔术,变戏法
参考例句:
  • I conjure you not to betray me.我恳求你不要背弃我。
  • I can't simply conjure up the money out of thin air.我是不能像变魔术似的把钱变来。
95 swelled bd4016b2ddc016008c1fc5827f252c73     
增强( swell的过去式和过去分词 ); 肿胀; (使)凸出; 充满(激情)
参考例句:
  • The infection swelled his hand. 由于感染,他的手肿了起来。
  • After the heavy rain the river swelled. 大雨过后,河水猛涨。
96 calamity nsizM     
n.灾害,祸患,不幸事件
参考例句:
  • Even a greater natural calamity cannot daunt us. 再大的自然灾害也压不垮我们。
  • The attack on Pearl Harbor was a crushing calamity.偷袭珍珠港(对美军来说)是一场毁灭性的灾难。
97 forth Hzdz2     
adv.向前;向外,往外
参考例句:
  • The wind moved the trees gently back and forth.风吹得树轻轻地来回摇晃。
  • He gave forth a series of works in rapid succession.他很快连续发表了一系列的作品。
98 apprehend zvqzq     
vt.理解,领悟,逮捕,拘捕,忧虑
参考例句:
  • I apprehend no worsening of the situation.我不担心局势会恶化。
  • Police have not apprehended her killer.警察还未抓获谋杀她的凶手。
99 bondage 0NtzR     
n.奴役,束缚
参考例句:
  • Masters sometimes allowed their slaves to buy their way out of bondage.奴隶主们有时允许奴隶为自己赎身。
  • They aim to deliver the people who are in bondage to superstitious belief.他们的目的在于解脱那些受迷信束缚的人。
100 mentality PoIzHP     
n.心理,思想,脑力
参考例句:
  • He has many years'experience of the criminal mentality.他研究犯罪心理有多年经验。
  • Running a business requires a very different mentality from being a salaried employee.经营企业所要求具备的心态和上班族的心态截然不同。
101 cramped 287c2bb79385d19c466ec2df5b5ce970     
a.狭窄的
参考例句:
  • The house was terribly small and cramped, but the agent described it as a bijou residence. 房子十分狭小拥挤,但经纪人却把它说成是小巧别致的住宅。
  • working in cramped conditions 在拥挤的环境里工作
102 depressed xu8zp9     
adj.沮丧的,抑郁的,不景气的,萧条的
参考例句:
  • When he was depressed,he felt utterly divorced from reality.他心情沮丧时就感到完全脱离了现实。
  • His mother was depressed by the sad news.这个坏消息使他的母亲意志消沉。
103 specification yvwwn     
n.详述;[常pl.]规格,说明书,规范
参考例句:
  • I want to know his specification of details.我想知道他对细节的详述。
  • Examination confirmed that the quality of the products was up to specification.经检查,产品质量合格。
104 dominion FmQy1     
n.统治,管辖,支配权;领土,版图
参考例句:
  • Alexander held dominion over a vast area.亚历山大曾统治过辽阔的地域。
  • In the affluent society,the authorities are hardly forced to justify their dominion.在富裕社会里,当局几乎无需证明其统治之合理。
105 boundless kt8zZ     
adj.无限的;无边无际的;巨大的
参考例句:
  • The boundless woods were sleeping in the deep repose of nature.无边无际的森林在大自然静寂的怀抱中酣睡着。
  • His gratitude and devotion to the Party was boundless.他对党无限感激、无限忠诚。
106 exuberance 3hxzA     
n.丰富;繁荣
参考例句:
  • Her burst of exuberance and her brightness overwhelmed me.她勃发的热情和阳光的性格征服了我。
  • The sheer exuberance of the sculpture was exhilarating.那尊雕塑表现出的勃勃生机让人振奋。
107 neutralize g5hzm     
v.使失效、抵消,使中和
参考例句:
  • Nothing could neutralize its good effects.没有什么能抵消它所产生的好影响。
  • Acids neutralize alkalis and vice versa.酸能使碱中和碱,亦能使酸中和。
108 morbidity OEBxK     
n.病态;不健全;发病;发病率
参考例句:
  • MC's also significantly reduce the morbidity and mortality induced by honeybee venom. 肥大细胞同样也能显著降低蜜蜂毒液诱发疾病的发病率和死亡率。 来自互联网
  • The result shows that incidence of myopia morbidity is 44.84%. 结果表明:近视眼的发病率为44.84%。 来自互联网
109 terminology spmwD     
n.术语;专有名词
参考例句:
  • He particularly criticized the terminology in the document.他特别批评了文件中使用的术语。
  • The article uses rather specialized musical terminology.这篇文章用了相当专业的音乐术语。
110 quotation 7S6xV     
n.引文,引语,语录;报价,牌价,行情
参考例句:
  • He finished his speech with a quotation from Shakespeare.他讲话结束时引用了莎士比亚的语录。
  • The quotation is omitted here.此处引文从略。
111 diverges 90b4d0670b4ace63aa90be3a6a5db1b9     
分开( diverge的第三人称单数 ); 偏离; 分歧; 分道扬镳
参考例句:
  • The beam of flashlight diverges, but it can be refocused with lenses. 一个发散的闪光灯束可以用透镜重新聚焦。
  • At the end of the wood, the path diverges to the left. 在树林的尽头,小路向左拐去。
112 verge gUtzQ     
n.边,边缘;v.接近,濒临
参考例句:
  • The country's economy is on the verge of collapse.国家的经济已到了崩溃的边缘。
  • She was on the verge of bursting into tears.她快要哭出来了。
113 lame r9gzj     
adj.跛的,(辩解、论据等)无说服力的
参考例句:
  • The lame man needs a stick when he walks.那跛脚男子走路时需借助拐棍。
  • I don't believe his story.It'sounds a bit lame.我不信他讲的那一套。他的话听起来有些靠不住。
114 cleansed 606e894a15aca2db0892db324d039b96     
弄干净,清洗( cleanse的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • The nurse cleansed the wound before stitching it. 护士先把伤口弄干净后才把它缝合。
  • The notorious Hell Row was burned down in a fire, and much dirt was cleansed away. 臭名远场的阎王路已在一场大火中化为乌有,许多焦土灰烬被清除一空。
115 infliction nbxz6     
n.(强加于人身的)痛苦,刑罚
参考例句:
  • Don't immerse yourself in the infliction too long.不要长时间沉浸在痛苦经历中。
  • Instead of rivets there came an invasion,an infliction,and a visitation.但是铆钉并没有运来,来的却是骚扰、混乱和视察。
116 subconscious Oqryw     
n./adj.潜意识(的),下意识(的)
参考例句:
  • Nail biting is often a subconscious reaction to tension.咬指甲通常是紧张时的下意识反映。
  • My answer seemed to come from the subconscious.我的回答似乎出自下意识。
117 abrupt 2fdyh     
adj.突然的,意外的;唐突的,鲁莽的
参考例句:
  • The river takes an abrupt bend to the west.这河突然向西转弯。
  • His abrupt reply hurt our feelings.他粗鲁的回答伤了我们的感情。
118 subliminal hH7zv     
adj.下意识的,潜意识的;太弱或太快以至于难以觉察的
参考例句:
  • Maybe they're getting it on a subliminal level.也许他们会在潜意识里这么以为。
  • The soft sell approach gets to consumers in a subliminal way.软广告通过潜意识的作用来影响消费者。
119 kindly tpUzhQ     
adj.和蔼的,温和的,爽快的;adv.温和地,亲切地
参考例句:
  • Her neighbours spoke of her as kindly and hospitable.她的邻居都说她和蔼可亲、热情好客。
  • A shadow passed over the kindly face of the old woman.一道阴影掠过老太太慈祥的面孔。
120 providence 8tdyh     
n.深谋远虑,天道,天意;远见;节约;上帝
参考例句:
  • It is tempting Providence to go in that old boat.乘那艘旧船前往是冒大险。
  • To act as you have done is to fly in the face of Providence.照你的所作所为那样去行事,是违背上帝的意志的。
121 omnipotence 8e0cf7da278554c7383716ee1a228358     
n.全能,万能,无限威力
参考例句:
  • Central bankers have never had any illusions of their own omnipotence. 中行的银行家们已经不再对于他们自己的无所不能存有幻想了。 来自互联网
  • Introduce an omnipotence press automatism dividing device, explained it operation principle. 介绍了冲压万能自动分度装置,说明了其工作原理。 来自互联网
122 realization nTwxS     
n.实现;认识到,深刻了解
参考例句:
  • We shall gladly lend every effort in our power toward its realization.我们将乐意为它的实现而竭尽全力。
  • He came to the realization that he would never make a good teacher.他逐渐认识到自己永远不会成为好老师。
123 fully Gfuzd     
adv.完全地,全部地,彻底地;充分地
参考例句:
  • The doctor asked me to breathe in,then to breathe out fully.医生让我先吸气,然后全部呼出。
  • They soon became fully integrated into the local community.他们很快就完全融入了当地人的圈子。
124 abounding 08610fbc6d1324db98066903c8e6c455     
adj.丰富的,大量的v.大量存在,充满,富于( abound的现在分词 )
参考例句:
  • Ahead lay the scalloped ocean and the abounding blessed isles. 再往前是水波荡漾的海洋和星罗棋布的宝岛。 来自英汉文学 - 盖茨比
  • The metallic curve of his sheep-crook shone silver-bright in the same abounding rays. 他那弯柄牧羊杖上的金属曲线也在这一片炽盛的火光下闪着银亮的光。 来自辞典例句
125 machinery CAdxb     
n.(总称)机械,机器;机构
参考例句:
  • Has the machinery been put up ready for the broadcast?广播器材安装完毕了吗?
  • Machinery ought to be well maintained all the time.机器应该随时注意维护。
126 tune NmnwW     
n.调子;和谐,协调;v.调音,调节,调整
参考例句:
  • He'd written a tune,and played it to us on the piano.他写了一段曲子,并在钢琴上弹给我们听。
  • The boy beat out a tune on a tin can.那男孩在易拉罐上敲出一首曲子。
127 underlying 5fyz8c     
adj.在下面的,含蓄的,潜在的
参考例句:
  • The underlying theme of the novel is very serious.小说隐含的主题是十分严肃的。
  • This word has its underlying meaning.这个单词有它潜在的含义。
128 confide WYbyd     
v.向某人吐露秘密
参考例句:
  • I would never readily confide in anybody.我从不轻易向人吐露秘密。
  • He is going to confide the secrets of his heart to us.他将向我们吐露他心里的秘密。
129 influx c7lxL     
n.流入,注入
参考例句:
  • The country simply cannot absorb this influx of refugees.这个国家实在不能接纳这么多涌入的难民。
  • Textile workers favoured protection because they feared an influx of cheap cloth.纺织工人拥护贸易保护措施,因为他们担心涌入廉价纺织品。
130 assail ZoTyB     
v.猛烈攻击,抨击,痛斥
参考例句:
  • The opposition's newspapers assail the government each day.反对党的报纸每天都对政府进行猛烈抨击。
  • We should assist parents not assail them.因此我们应该帮助父母们,而不是指责他们。
131 annulling ccc55a1e9c4ffaa4dd55e8211edf02bb     
v.宣告无效( annul的现在分词 );取消;使消失;抹去
参考例句:
  • Cancellation: Voiding a debt by annulling or paying it. 撤销,解除[债务]:以取消或偿付的办法使一笔债务失效。 来自互联网
132 invalidism bef7e93d6f4f347e18f1c290e5eb8973     
病弱,病身; 伤残
参考例句:
133 impure NyByW     
adj.不纯净的,不洁的;不道德的,下流的
参考例句:
  • The air of a big city is often impure.大城市的空气往往是污浊的。
  • Impure drinking water is a cause of disease.不洁的饮用水是引发疾病的一个原因。
134 dense aONzX     
a.密集的,稠密的,浓密的;密度大的
参考例句:
  • The general ambushed his troops in the dense woods. 将军把部队埋伏在浓密的树林里。
  • The path was completely covered by the dense foliage. 小路被树叶厚厚地盖了一层。
135 deity UmRzp     
n.神,神性;被奉若神明的人(或物)
参考例句:
  • Many animals were seen as the manifestation of a deity.许多动物被看作神的化身。
  • The deity was hidden in the deepest recesses of the temple.神藏在庙宇壁龛的最深处。
136 prostration e23ec06f537750e7e1306b9c8f596399     
n. 平伏, 跪倒, 疲劳
参考例句:
  • a state of prostration brought on by the heat 暑热导致的虚脱状态
  • A long period of worrying led to her nervous prostration. 长期的焦虑导致她的神经衰弱。
137 insomnia EbFzK     
n.失眠,失眠症
参考例句:
  • Worries and tenseness can lead to insomnia.忧虑和紧张会导致失眠。
  • He is suffering from insomnia.他患失眠症。
138 insanity H6xxf     
n.疯狂,精神错乱;极端的愚蠢,荒唐
参考例句:
  • In his defense he alleged temporary insanity.他伪称一时精神错乱,为自己辩解。
  • He remained in his cell,and this visit only increased the belief in his insanity.他依旧还是住在他的地牢里,这次视察只是更加使人相信他是个疯子了。
139 narcotics 6c5fe7d3dc96f0626f1c875799f8ddb1     
n.麻醉药( narcotic的名词复数 );毒品;毒
参考例句:
  • The use of narcotics by teenagers is a problem in many countries. 青少年服用麻醉药在许多国家中都是一个问题。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
  • Police shook down the club, looking for narcotics. 警方彻底搜查了这个俱乐部,寻找麻醉品。 来自《简明英汉词典》
140 permanently KluzuU     
adv.永恒地,永久地,固定不变地
参考例句:
  • The accident left him permanently scarred.那次事故给他留下了永久的伤疤。
  • The ship is now permanently moored on the Thames in London.该船现在永久地停泊在伦敦泰晤士河边。
141 permeates 290eb451e7da5dcf5bb4b8041c3d79fa     
弥漫( permeate的第三人称单数 ); 遍布; 渗入; 渗透
参考例句:
  • Studies show that water vapor quickly permeates plastic packaging material. 研究证明水蒸汽能迅速渗入塑料封装材料。
  • Democracy permeates the whole country. 民主主义(的思想)普及全国。
142 mere rC1xE     
adj.纯粹的;仅仅,只不过
参考例句:
  • That is a mere repetition of what you said before.那不过是重复了你以前讲的话。
  • It's a mere waste of time waiting any longer.再等下去纯粹是浪费时间。
143 bosom Lt9zW     
n.胸,胸部;胸怀;内心;adj.亲密的
参考例句:
  • She drew a little book from her bosom.她从怀里取出一本小册子。
  • A dark jealousy stirred in his bosom.他内心生出一阵恶毒的嫉妒。
144 supremacy 3Hzzd     
n.至上;至高权力
参考例句:
  • No one could challenge her supremacy in gymnastics.她是最优秀的体操运动员,无人能胜过她。
  • Theoretically,she holds supremacy as the head of the state.从理论上说,她作为国家的最高元首拥有至高无上的权力。
145 poise ySTz9     
vt./vi. 平衡,保持平衡;n.泰然自若,自信
参考例句:
  • She hesitated briefly but quickly regained her poise.她犹豫片刻,但很快恢复了镇静。
  • Ballet classes are important for poise and grace.芭蕾课对培养优雅的姿仪非常重要。
146 renown 1VJxF     
n.声誉,名望
参考例句:
  • His renown has spread throughout the country.他的名声已传遍全国。
  • She used to be a singer of some renown.她曾是位小有名气的歌手。
147 recurred c940028155f925521a46b08674bc2f8a     
再发生,复发( recur的过去式和过去分词 ); 治愈
参考例句:
  • Old memories constantly recurred to him. 往事经常浮现在他的脑海里。
  • She always winced when he recurred to the subject of his poems. 每逢他一提到他的诗作的时候,她总是有点畏缩。
148 longing 98bzd     
n.(for)渴望
参考例句:
  • Hearing the tune again sent waves of longing through her.再次听到那首曲子使她胸中充满了渴望。
  • His heart burned with longing for revenge.他心中燃烧着急欲复仇的怒火。
149 perfectly 8Mzxb     
adv.完美地,无可非议地,彻底地
参考例句:
  • The witnesses were each perfectly certain of what they said.证人们个个对自己所说的话十分肯定。
  • Everything that we're doing is all perfectly above board.我们做的每件事情都是光明正大的。
150 simplicity Vryyv     
n.简单,简易;朴素;直率,单纯
参考例句:
  • She dressed with elegant simplicity.她穿着朴素高雅。
  • The beauty of this plan is its simplicity.简明扼要是这个计划的一大特点。
151 interpretation P5jxQ     
n.解释,说明,描述;艺术处理
参考例句:
  • His statement admits of one interpretation only.他的话只有一种解释。
  • Analysis and interpretation is a very personal thing.分析与说明是个很主观的事情。
152 fend N78yA     
v.照料(自己),(自己)谋生,挡开,避开
参考例句:
  • I've had to fend for myself since I was 14.我从十四岁时起就不得不照料自己。
  • He raised his arm up to fend branches from his eyes.他举手将树枝从他眼前挡开。
153 ministry kD5x2     
n.(政府的)部;牧师
参考例句:
  • They sent a deputation to the ministry to complain.他们派了一个代表团到部里投诉。
  • We probed the Air Ministry statements.我们调查了空军部的记录。
154 reign pBbzx     
n.统治时期,统治,支配,盛行;v.占优势
参考例句:
  • The reign of Queen Elizabeth lapped over into the seventeenth century.伊丽莎白王朝延至17世纪。
  • The reign of Zhu Yuanzhang lasted about 31 years.朱元璋统治了大约三十一年。
155 alienation JfYyS     
n.疏远;离间;异化
参考例句:
  • The new policy resulted in the alienation of many voters.新政策导致许多选民疏远了。
  • As almost every conceivable contact between human beings gets automated,the alienation index goes up.随着人与人之间几乎一切能想到的接触方式的自动化,感情疏远指数在不断上升。
156 omnipotent p5ZzZ     
adj.全能的,万能的
参考例句:
  • When we are omnipotent we shall have no more need of science.我们达到万能以后就不需要科学了。
  • Money is not omnipotent,but we can't survive without money.金钱不是万能的,但是没有金钱我们却无法生存。
157 opposition eIUxU     
n.反对,敌对
参考例句:
  • The party leader is facing opposition in his own backyard.该党领袖在自己的党內遇到了反对。
  • The police tried to break down the prisoner's opposition.警察设法制住了那个囚犯的反抗。
158 unity 4kQwT     
n.团结,联合,统一;和睦,协调
参考例句:
  • When we speak of unity,we do not mean unprincipled peace.所谓团结,并非一团和气。
  • We must strengthen our unity in the face of powerful enemies.大敌当前,我们必须加强团结。
159 reconciliation DUhxh     
n.和解,和谐,一致
参考例句:
  • He was taken up with the reconciliation of husband and wife.他忙于做夫妻间的调解工作。
  • Their handshake appeared to be a gesture of reconciliation.他们的握手似乎是和解的表示。
160 outgrown outgrown     
长[发展] 得超过(某物)的范围( outgrow的过去分词 ); 长[发展]得不能再要(某物); 长得比…快; 生长速度超过
参考例句:
  • She's already outgrown her school uniform. 她已经长得连校服都不能穿了。
  • The boy has outgrown his clothes. 这男孩已长得穿不下他的衣服了。
161 eddy 6kxzZ     
n.漩涡,涡流
参考例句:
  • The motor car disappeared in eddy of dust.汽车在一片扬尘的涡流中不见了。
  • In Taylor's picture,the eddy is the basic element of turbulence.在泰勒的描述里,旋涡是湍流的基本要素。
162 radical hA8zu     
n.激进份子,原子团,根号;adj.根本的,激进的,彻底的
参考例句:
  • The patient got a radical cure in the hospital.病人在医院得到了根治。
  • She is radical in her demands.她的要求十分偏激。
163 pertinaciously 5d90e67eb8cbe7a8f4fbc7032619ce81     
adv.坚持地;固执地;坚决地;执拗地
参考例句:
  • He struggled pertinaciously for the new resolution. 他为了这项新决议而不懈努力。 来自互联网
164 virtue BpqyH     
n.德行,美德;贞操;优点;功效,效力
参考例句:
  • He was considered to be a paragon of virtue.他被认为是品德尽善尽美的典范。
  • You need to decorate your mind with virtue.你应该用德行美化心灵。
165 precisely zlWzUb     
adv.恰好,正好,精确地,细致地
参考例句:
  • It's precisely that sort of slick sales-talk that I mistrust.我不相信的正是那种油腔滑调的推销宣传。
  • The man adjusted very precisely.那个人调得很准。
166 emancipation Sjlzb     
n.(从束缚、支配下)解放
参考例句:
  • We must arouse them to fight for their own emancipation. 我们必须唤起他们为其自身的解放而斗争。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • They rejoiced over their own emancipation. 他们为自己的解放感到欢欣鼓舞。 来自《简明英汉词典》
167 labor P9Tzs     
n.劳动,努力,工作,劳工;分娩;vi.劳动,努力,苦干;vt.详细分析;麻烦
参考例句:
  • We are never late in satisfying him for his labor.我们从不延误付给他劳动报酬。
  • He was completely spent after two weeks of hard labor.艰苦劳动两周后,他已经疲惫不堪了。
168 awaken byMzdD     
vi.醒,觉醒;vt.唤醒,使觉醒,唤起,激起
参考例句:
  • Old people awaken early in the morning.老年人早晨醒得早。
  • Please awaken me at six.请于六点叫醒我。
169 tempted b0182e969d369add1b9ce2353d3c6ad6     
v.怂恿(某人)干不正当的事;冒…的险(tempt的过去分词)
参考例句:
  • I was sorely tempted to complain, but I didn't. 我极想发牢骚,但还是没开口。
  • I was tempted by the dessert menu. 甜食菜单馋得我垂涎欲滴。
170 destined Dunznz     
adj.命中注定的;(for)以…为目的地的
参考例句:
  • It was destined that they would marry.他们结婚是缘分。
  • The shipment is destined for America.这批货物将运往美国。
171 crudity yyFxz     
n.粗糙,生硬;adj.粗略的
参考例句:
  • I'd never met such crudity before.我从未见过这样粗鲁的行径。
  • Birthplace data are only the crudest indicator of actual migration paths.出生地信息只能非常粗略地显示实际移民过程。
172 vagaries 594130203d5d42a756196aa8975299ad     
n.奇想( vagary的名词复数 );异想天开;异常行为;难以预测的情况
参考例句:
  • The vagaries of fortune are indeed curious.\" 命运的变化莫测真是不可思议。” 来自英汉文学 - 嘉莉妹妹
  • The vagaries of inclement weather conditions are avoided to a certain extent. 可以在一定程度上避免变化莫测的恶劣气候影响。 来自辞典例句
173 dignified NuZzfb     
a.可敬的,高贵的
参考例句:
  • Throughout his trial he maintained a dignified silence. 在整个审讯过程中,他始终沉默以保持尊严。
  • He always strikes such a dignified pose before his girlfriend. 他总是在女友面前摆出这种庄严的姿态。
174 beseech aQzyF     
v.祈求,恳求
参考例句:
  • I beseech you to do this before it is too late.我恳求你做做这件事吧,趁现在还来得及。
  • I beseech your favor.我恳求您帮忙。
175 sketched 7209bf19355618c1eb5ca3c0fdf27631     
v.草拟(sketch的过去式与过去分词形式)
参考例句:
  • The historical article sketched the major events of the decade. 这篇有关历史的文章概述了这十年中的重大事件。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • He sketched the situation in a few vivid words. 他用几句生动的语言简述了局势。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
176 besetting 85f0362e7fd8b00cc5e729aa394fcf2f     
adj.不断攻击的v.困扰( beset的现在分词 );不断围攻;镶;嵌
参考例句:
  • Laziness is my besetting sin. 懒惰是我积重难返的恶习。 来自辞典例句
  • His besetting sin is laziness. 他所易犯的毛病就是懒惰。 来自辞典例句
177 phenomena 8N9xp     
n.现象
参考例句:
  • Ade couldn't relate the phenomena with any theory he knew.艾德无法用他所知道的任何理论来解释这种现象。
  • The object of these experiments was to find the connection,if any,between the two phenomena.这些实验的目的就是探索这两种现象之间的联系,如果存在着任何联系的话。
178 conversions 2cf788b632004c0776c820c40534398d     
变换( conversion的名词复数 ); (宗教、信仰等)彻底改变; (尤指为居住而)改建的房屋; 橄榄球(触地得分后再把球射中球门的)附加得分
参考例句:
  • He kicked a penalty goal and two conversions, ie in Rugby football. 他一次罚球得分,两次触地后射门得分(在橄榄球赛中)。
  • Few of the intermediates or enzymes involved in these conversions have been isolated from higher plants. 在这些转变中包含的少数中间产物或酶已经从高等植物中分离出来。
179 conversion UZPyI     
n.转化,转换,转变
参考例句:
  • He underwent quite a conversion.他彻底变了。
  • Waste conversion is a part of the production process.废物处理是生产过程的一个组成部分。
180 strenuousness 277c93800d234117115710a6183442cd     
参考例句:
  • She spoke with a passionate strenuousness which was rather striking. 她说得慷慨激昂,那狂热劲儿真叫人吃惊。
181 adjure hJFyW     
v.郑重敦促(恳请)
参考例句:
  • I adjure you to spare him.我恳求你饶恕他。
  • I adjure you to tell the truth before this court.我要求你对本庭说实话。
182 bent QQ8yD     
n.爱好,癖好;adj.弯的;决心的,一心的
参考例句:
  • He was fully bent upon the project.他一心扑在这项计划上。
  • We bent over backward to help them.我们尽了最大努力帮助他们。
183 torment gJXzd     
n.折磨;令人痛苦的东西(人);vt.折磨;纠缠
参考例句:
  • He has never suffered the torment of rejection.他从未经受过遭人拒绝的痛苦。
  • Now nothing aggravates me more than when people torment each other.没有什么东西比人们的互相折磨更使我愤怒。
184 vouched 409b5f613012fe5a63789e2d225b50d6     
v.保证( vouch的过去式和过去分词 );担保;确定;确定地说
参考例句:
  • He vouched his words by his deeds. 他用自己的行动证明了自己的言辞。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Have all those present been vouched for? 那些到场的人都有担保吗? 来自互联网
185 authentic ZuZzs     
a.真的,真正的;可靠的,可信的,有根据的
参考例句:
  • This is an authentic news report. We can depend on it. 这是篇可靠的新闻报道, 我们相信它。
  • Autumn is also the authentic season of renewal. 秋天才是真正的除旧布新的季节。
186 wrought EoZyr     
v.引起;以…原料制作;运转;adj.制造的
参考例句:
  • Events in Paris wrought a change in British opinion towards France and Germany.巴黎发生的事件改变了英国对法国和德国的看法。
  • It's a walking stick with a gold head wrought in the form of a flower.那是一个金质花形包头的拐杖。
187 revival UWixU     
n.复兴,复苏,(精力、活力等的)重振
参考例句:
  • The period saw a great revival in the wine trade.这一时期葡萄酒业出现了很大的复苏。
  • He claimed the housing market was showing signs of a revival.他指出房地产市场正出现复苏的迹象。
188 precipice NuNyW     
n.悬崖,危急的处境
参考例句:
  • The hut hung half over the edge of the precipice.那间小屋有一半悬在峭壁边上。
  • A slight carelessness on this precipice could cost a man his life.在这悬崖上稍一疏忽就会使人丧生。
189 everlasting Insx7     
adj.永恒的,持久的,无止境的
参考例句:
  • These tyres are advertised as being everlasting.广告上说轮胎持久耐用。
  • He believes in everlasting life after death.他相信死后有不朽的生命。
190 hereditary fQJzF     
adj.遗传的,遗传性的,可继承的,世袭的
参考例句:
  • The Queen of England is a hereditary ruler.英国女王是世袭的统治者。
  • In men,hair loss is hereditary.男性脱发属于遗传。
191 justification x32xQ     
n.正当的理由;辩解的理由
参考例句:
  • There's no justification for dividing the company into smaller units. 没有理由把公司划分成小单位。
  • In the young there is a justification for this feeling. 在年轻人中有这种感觉是有理由的。
192 expectancy tlMys     
n.期望,预期,(根据概率统计求得)预期数额
参考例句:
  • Japanese people have a very high life expectancy.日本人的平均寿命非常长。
  • The atomosphere of tense expectancy sobered everyone.这种期望的紧张气氛使每个人变得严肃起来。
193 merging 65cc30ed55db36c739ab349d7c58dfe8     
合并(分类)
参考例句:
  • Many companies continued to grow by merging with or buying competing firms. 许多公司通过合并或收买竞争对手的公司而不断扩大。 来自英汉非文学 - 政府文件
  • To sequence by repeated splitting and merging. 用反复分开和合并的方法进行的排序。
194 isolating 44778bf8913bd1ed228a8571456b945b     
adj.孤立的,绝缘的v.使隔离( isolate的现在分词 );将…剔出(以便看清和单独处理);使(某物质、细胞等)分离;使离析
参考例句:
  • Colour filters are not very effective in isolating narrow spectral bands. 一些滤色片不能很有效地分离狭窄的光谱带。 来自辞典例句
  • This became known as the streak method for isolating bacteria. 这个方法以后就称为分离细菌的划线法。 来自辞典例句
195 inhibiting 11ff588a61bbc2b55de0b4c430fe2824     
抑制作用的,约束的
参考例句:
  • The high cost of borrowing is inhibiting investment by industry in new equipment. 借款的高成本抑制了企业对新设备的投资。
  • The pesticides affect the nervous system by inhibiting the enzyme cholinesterase. 这类农药抑制胆碱酯酶而影响神经系统。
196 investigation MRKzq     
n.调查,调查研究
参考例句:
  • In an investigation,a new fact became known, which told against him.在调查中新发现了一件对他不利的事实。
  • He drew the conclusion by building on his own investigation.他根据自己的调查研究作出结论。
197 candid SsRzS     
adj.公正的,正直的;坦率的
参考例句:
  • I cannot but hope the candid reader will give some allowance for it.我只有希望公正的读者多少包涵一些。
  • He is quite candid with his friends.他对朋友相当坦诚。
198 disposition GljzO     
n.性情,性格;意向,倾向;排列,部署
参考例句:
  • He has made a good disposition of his property.他已对财产作了妥善处理。
  • He has a cheerful disposition.他性情开朗。
199 chastisement chastisement     
n.惩罚
参考例句:
  • You cannot but know that we live in a period of chastisement and ruin. 你们必须认识到我们生活在一个灾难深重、面临毁灭的时代。 来自辞典例句
  • I think the chastisement to him is too critical. 我认为对他的惩罚太严厉了。 来自互联网
200 mortification mwIyN     
n.耻辱,屈辱
参考例句:
  • To my mortification, my manuscript was rejected. 使我感到失面子的是:我的稿件被退了回来。
  • The chairman tried to disguise his mortification. 主席试图掩饰自己的窘迫。
201 blasphemous Co4yV     
adj.亵渎神明的,不敬神的
参考例句:
  • The book was declared blasphemous and all copies ordered to be burnt.这本书被断定为亵渎神明之作,命令全数焚毀。
  • The people in the room were shocked by his blasphemous language.满屋的人都对他那侮慢的语言感到愤慨。
202 heresies 0a3eb092edcaa207536be81dd3f23146     
n.异端邪说,异教( heresy的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • However, life would be pleasanter if Rhett would recant his heresies. 不过,如果瑞德放其他的那套异端邪说,生活就会惬意得多。 来自飘(部分)
  • The heresy of heresies was common sense. 一切异端当中顶大的异端——那便是常识。 来自英汉文学
203 faculty HhkzK     
n.才能;学院,系;(学院或系的)全体教学人员
参考例句:
  • He has a great faculty for learning foreign languages.他有学习外语的天赋。
  • He has the faculty of saying the right thing at the right time.他有在恰当的时候说恰当的话的才智。
204 confession 8Ygye     
n.自白,供认,承认
参考例句:
  • Her confession was simply tantamount to a casual explanation.她的自白简直等于一篇即席说明。
  • The police used torture to extort a confession from him.警察对他用刑逼供。
205 pastor h3Ozz     
n.牧师,牧人
参考例句:
  • He was the son of a poor pastor.他是一个穷牧师的儿子。
  • We have no pastor at present:the church is run by five deacons.我们目前没有牧师:教会的事是由五位执事管理的。
206 diabolical iPCzt     
adj.恶魔似的,凶暴的
参考例句:
  • This maneuver of his is a diabolical conspiracy.他这一手是一个居心叵测的大阴谋。
  • One speaker today called the plan diabolical and sinister.今天一名发言人称该计划阴险恶毒。
207 counterfeits 617c71c9e347e377e2a63606fdefec84     
v.仿制,造假( counterfeit的第三人称单数 )
参考例句:
  • Objects and people looked like counterfeits of themselves. 各种人和事好象都给自己披上了伪装。 来自辞典例句
  • We have seen many counterfeits, but we are born believers in great men. 我们见过许多骗子,但是我们天生信赖伟人。 来自辞典例句
208 peculiar cinyo     
adj.古怪的,异常的;特殊的,特有的
参考例句:
  • He walks in a peculiar fashion.他走路的样子很奇特。
  • He looked at me with a very peculiar expression.他用一种很奇怪的表情看着我。
209 mingling b387131b4ffa62204a89fca1610062f3     
adj.混合的
参考例句:
  • There was a spring of bitterness mingling with that fountain of sweets. 在这个甜蜜的源泉中间,已经掺和进苦涩的山水了。
  • The mingling of inconsequence belongs to us all. 这场矛盾混和物是我们大家所共有的。
210 unprecedentedly f60c6331277f9436b0b8eda77fd4bc21     
adv.空前地
参考例句:
  • The National-Day celebration this year was an unprecedentedly great occasion. 今年国庆日庆祝仪式空前盛大。
  • "This is undoubtedly a good one," the teacher insisted. "Unprecedentedly good! Just listen -- " 洋教师说,“这文章写得当然好,而且绝妙无比,你们听——” 来自汉英文学 - 散文英译
211 founders 863257b2606659efe292a0bf3114782c     
n.创始人( founder的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • He was one of the founders of the university's medical faculty. 他是该大学医学院的创建人之一。 来自辞典例句
  • The founders of our religion made this a cornerstone of morality. 我们宗教的创始人把这看作是道德的基石。 来自辞典例句
212 meditation yjXyr     
n.熟虑,(尤指宗教的)默想,沉思,(pl.)冥想录
参考例句:
  • This peaceful garden lends itself to meditation.这个恬静的花园适于冥想。
  • I'm sorry to interrupt your meditation.很抱歉,我打断了你的沉思。
213 invoke G4sxB     
v.求助于(神、法律);恳求,乞求
参考例句:
  • Let us invoke the blessings of peace.让我们祈求和平之福。
  • I hope I'll never have to invoke this clause and lodge a claim with you.我希望我永远不会使用这个条款向你们索赔。
214 potency 9Smz8     
n. 效力,潜能
参考例句:
  • Alcohol increases the drug's potency.酒精能增加这种毒品的效力。
  • Sunscreen can lose its potency if left over winter in the bathroom cabinet.如果把防晒霜在盥洗室的壁橱里放一个冬天,就有可能失效。
215 attain HvYzX     
vt.达到,获得,完成
参考例句:
  • I used the scientific method to attain this end. 我用科学的方法来达到这一目的。
  • His painstaking to attain his goal in life is praiseworthy. 他为实现人生目标所下的苦功是值得称赞的。
216 attainment Dv3zY     
n.达到,到达;[常pl.]成就,造诣
参考例句:
  • We congratulated her upon her attainment to so great an age.我们祝贺她高寿。
  • The attainment of the success is not easy.成功的取得并不容易。
217 mantle Y7tzs     
n.斗篷,覆罩之物,罩子;v.罩住,覆盖,脸红
参考例句:
  • The earth had donned her mantle of brightest green.大地披上了苍翠欲滴的绿色斗篷。
  • The mountain was covered with a mantle of snow.山上覆盖着一层雪。
218 distractions ff1d4018fe7ed703bc7b2e2e97ba2216     
n.使人分心的事[人]( distraction的名词复数 );娱乐,消遣;心烦意乱;精神错乱
参考例句:
  • I find it hard to work at home because there are too many distractions. 我发觉在家里工作很难,因为使人分心的事太多。
  • There are too many distractions here to work properly. 这里叫人分心的事太多,使人无法好好工作。 来自《简明英汉词典》
219 utterly ZfpzM1     
adv.完全地,绝对地
参考例句:
  • Utterly devoted to the people,he gave his life in saving his patients.他忠于人民,把毕生精力用于挽救患者的生命。
  • I was utterly ravished by the way she smiled.她的微笑使我完全陶醉了。
220 eminent dpRxn     
adj.显赫的,杰出的,有名的,优良的
参考例句:
  • We are expecting the arrival of an eminent scientist.我们正期待一位著名科学家的来访。
  • He is an eminent citizen of China.他是一个杰出的中国公民。
221 ardent yvjzd     
adj.热情的,热烈的,强烈的,烈性的
参考例句:
  • He's an ardent supporter of the local football team.他是本地足球队的热情支持者。
  • Ardent expectations were held by his parents for his college career.他父母对他的大学学习抱着殷切的期望。
222 delightful 6xzxT     
adj.令人高兴的,使人快乐的
参考例句:
  • We had a delightful time by the seashore last Sunday.上星期天我们在海滨玩得真痛快。
  • Peter played a delightful melody on his flute.彼得用笛子吹奏了一支欢快的曲子。
223 sensuous pzcwc     
adj.激发美感的;感官的,感觉上的
参考例句:
  • Don't get the idea that value of music is commensurate with its sensuous appeal.不要以为音乐的价值与其美的感染力相等。
  • The flowers that wreathed his parlor stifled him with their sensuous perfume.包围著客厅的花以其刺激人的香味使他窒息。
224 wholesome Uowyz     
adj.适合;卫生的;有益健康的;显示身心健康的
参考例句:
  • In actual fact the things I like doing are mostly wholesome.实际上我喜欢做的事大都是有助于增进身体健康的。
  • It is not wholesome to eat without washing your hands.不洗手吃饭是不卫生的。
225 sanctuary iCrzE     
n.圣所,圣堂,寺庙;禁猎区,保护区
参考例句:
  • There was a sanctuary of political refugees behind the hospital.医院后面有一个政治难民的避难所。
  • Most countries refuse to give sanctuary to people who hijack aeroplanes.大多数国家拒绝对劫机者提供庇护。
226 aspire ANbz2     
vi.(to,after)渴望,追求,有志于
参考例句:
  • Living together with you is what I aspire toward in my life.和你一起生活是我一生最大的愿望。
  • I aspire to be an innovator not a follower.我迫切希望能变成个开创者而不是跟随者。
227 mighty YDWxl     
adj.强有力的;巨大的
参考例句:
  • A mighty force was about to break loose.一股巨大的力量即将迸发而出。
  • The mighty iceberg came into view.巨大的冰山出现在眼前。
228 immersion baIxf     
n.沉浸;专心
参考例句:
  • The dirt on the bottom of the bath didn't encourage total immersion.浴缸底有污垢,不宜全身浸泡于其中。
  • The wood had become swollen from prolonged immersion.因长时间浸泡,木头发胀了。
229 rhetoric FCnzz     
n.修辞学,浮夸之言语
参考例句:
  • Do you know something about rhetoric?你懂点修辞学吗?
  • Behind all the rhetoric,his relations with the army are dangerously poised.在冠冕堂皇的言辞背后,他和军队的关系岌岌可危。
230 philosophical rN5xh     
adj.哲学家的,哲学上的,达观的
参考例句:
  • The teacher couldn't answer the philosophical problem.老师不能解答这个哲学问题。
  • She is very philosophical about her bad luck.她对自己的不幸看得很开。
231 drawn MuXzIi     
v.拖,拉,拔出;adj.憔悴的,紧张的
参考例句:
  • All the characters in the story are drawn from life.故事中的所有人物都取材于生活。
  • Her gaze was drawn irresistibly to the scene outside.她的目光禁不住被外面的风景所吸引。
232 explicitly JtZz2H     
ad.明确地,显然地
参考例句:
  • The plan does not explicitly endorse the private ownership of land. 该计划没有明确地支持土地私有制。
  • SARA amended section 113 to provide explicitly for a right to contribution. 《最高基金修正与再授权法案》修正了第123条,清楚地规定了分配权。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法
233 savage ECxzR     
adj.野蛮的;凶恶的,残暴的;n.未开化的人
参考例句:
  • The poor man received a savage beating from the thugs.那可怜的人遭到暴徒的痛打。
  • He has a savage temper.他脾气粗暴。
234 impersonal Ck6yp     
adj.无个人感情的,与个人无关的,非人称的
参考例句:
  • Even his children found him strangely distant and impersonal.他的孩子们也认为他跟其他人很疏远,没有人情味。
  • His manner seemed rather stiff and impersonal.他的态度似乎很生硬冷淡。
235 supplanted 1f49b5af2ffca79ca495527c840dffca     
把…排挤掉,取代( supplant的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • In most offices, the typewriter has now been supplanted by the computer. 当今许多办公室里,打字机已被电脑取代。
  • The prime minister was supplanted by his rival. 首相被他的政敌赶下台了。
236 discredited 94ada058d09abc9d4a3f8a5e1089019f     
不足信的,不名誉的
参考例句:
  • The reactionary authorities are between two fires and have been discredited. 反动当局弄得进退维谷,不得人心。
  • Her honour was discredited in the newspapers. 她的名声被报纸败坏了。
237 undoubtedly Mfjz6l     
adv.确实地,无疑地
参考例句:
  • It is undoubtedly she who has said that.这话明明是她说的。
  • He is undoubtedly the pride of China.毫无疑问他是中国的骄傲。
238 heyday CdTxI     
n.全盛时期,青春期
参考例句:
  • The 19th century was the heyday of steam railways.19世纪是蒸汽机车鼎盛的时代。
  • She was a great singer in her heyday.她在自己的黄金时代是个了不起的歌唱家。
239 warfare XhVwZ     
n.战争(状态);斗争;冲突
参考例句:
  • He addressed the audience on the subject of atomic warfare.他向听众演讲有关原子战争的问题。
  • Their struggle consists mainly in peasant guerrilla warfare.他们的斗争主要是农民游击战。
240 spraining ef38bea5a702cee19b84ccb3e40f9cb4     
扭伤(关节)( sprain的现在分词 )
参考例句:
  • In regions with certain isolates of TRV, spraining is more prominent. 在具有TRV某些分离物的地区,坏死是比较显著的。
  • Stir the switch on the left foot in ON end, push and press spraining. 把左脚上的开关拨动ON端,按下按扭。
241 elastic Tjbzq     
n.橡皮圈,松紧带;adj.有弹性的;灵活的
参考例句:
  • Rubber is an elastic material.橡胶是一种弹性材料。
  • These regulations are elastic.这些规定是有弹性的。
242 sprained f314e68885bee024fbaac62a560ab7d4     
v.&n. 扭伤
参考例句:
  • I stumbled and sprained my ankle. 我摔了一跤,把脚脖子扭了。
  • When Mary sprained her ankles, John carried her piggyback to the doctors. 玛丽扭伤了足踝,约翰驮她去看医生。
243 illustrates a03402300df9f3e3716d9eb11aae5782     
给…加插图( illustrate的第三人称单数 ); 说明; 表明; (用示例、图画等)说明
参考例句:
  • This historical novel illustrates the breaking up of feudal society in microcosm. 这部历史小说是走向崩溃的封建社会的缩影。
  • Alfred Adler, a famous doctor, had an experience which illustrates this. 阿尔弗莱德 - 阿德勒是一位著名的医生,他有过可以说明这点的经历。 来自中级百科部分
244 nausea C5Dzz     
n.作呕,恶心;极端的憎恶(或厌恶)
参考例句:
  • Early pregnancy is often accompanied by nausea.怀孕期常有恶心的现象。
  • He experienced nausea after eating octopus.吃了章鱼后他感到恶心。
245 influenza J4NyD     
n.流行性感冒,流感
参考例句:
  • They took steps to prevent the spread of influenza.他们采取措施
  • Influenza is an infectious disease.流感是一种传染病。
246 epidemic 5iTzz     
n.流行病;盛行;adj.流行性的,流传极广的
参考例句:
  • That kind of epidemic disease has long been stamped out.那种传染病早已绝迹。
  • The authorities tried to localise the epidemic.当局试图把流行病限制在局部范围。


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