nations, et nous signifie, beuuez. Et ici maintenons que non
rire, ains boyre est le propre de l'homme. Je ne dy boyre
simplement et absolument, car aussy bien boyvent les bestes;
je dy boyre vin bon et fraiz.—Rabelais: 1. v. c. 45.
Some guests remained. Some departed and returned. Among these was Mr. MacBorrowdale. One day after dinner, on one of his reappearances, Lord Curryfin said to him—
'Well, Mr. MacBorrowdale, in your recent observations, have you found anything likely to satisfy Jack1 of Dover, if he were prosecuting2 his inquiry3 among us?'
Mr. MacBorrowdale. Troth, no, my lord. I think, if he were among us, he would give up the search as hopeless. He found it so in his own day, and he would find it still more so now. Jack was both merry and wise. We have less mirth in practice; and we have more wisdom in pretension4, which Jack would not have admitted.
The Rev5. Dr. Opimian. He would have found it like Juvenal's search for patriotic6 virtue7, when Catiline was everywhere, and Brutus and Cato were nowhere.{1}
1 Et Catilinam quocumque in populo videas, quocumque sub
axe: sed nee Brutus erit, Bruti nec avunculus usquam.
—Juv. Sat. xiv. 41-43.
Lord Curryfin. Well, among us, if Jack did not find his superior, or even his equal, he would not have been at a loss for company to his mind. There is enough mirth for those who choose to enjoy it, and wisdom too, perhaps as much as he would have cared for. We ought to have more wisdom, as we have clearly more science.
The Rev. Dr. Opimian. Science is one thing, and wisdom is another. Science is an edged tool, with which men play like children, and cut their own fingers. If you look at the results which science has brought in its train, you will find them to consist almost wholly in elements of mischief8. See how much belongs to the word Explosion alone, of which the ancients knew nothing. Explosions of powder-mills and powder-magazines; of coal-gas in mines and in houses; of high-pressure engines in ships and boats and factories. See the complications and refinements9 of modes of destruction, in revolvers and rifles and shells and rockets and cannon10. See collisions and wrecks11 and every mode of disaster by land and by sea, resulting chiefly from the insanity12 for speed, in those who for the most part have nothing to do at the end of the race, which they run as if they were so many Mercuries speeding with messages from Jupiter. Look at our scientific drainage, which turns refuse into poison. Look at the subsoil of London, whenever it is turned up to the air, converted by gas leakage13 into one mass of pestilent blackness, in which no vegetation can flourish, and above which, with the rapid growth of the ever-growing nuisance, no living thing will breathe with impunity14. Look at our scientific machinery15, which has destroyed domestic manufacture, which has substituted rottenness for strength in the thing made, and physical degradation16 in crowded towns for healthy and comfortable country life in the makers17. The day would fail, if I should attempt to enumerate18 the evils which science has inflicted19 on mankind. I almost think it is the ultimate destiny of science to exterminate20 the human race.
Lord Curryfin. You have gone over a wide field, which we might exhaust a good bin21 of claret in fully22 discussing. But surely the facility of motion over the face of the earth and sea is both pleasant and profitable. We may now see the world with little expenditure23 of labour or time.
The Rev. Dr. Opimian. You may be whisked over it, but you do not see it. You go from one great town to another, where manners and customs are not even now essentially24 different, and with this facility of intercourse25 become progressively less and less so. The intermediate country—which you never see, unless there is a show mountain, or waterfall, or ruin, for which there is a station, and to which you go as you would to any other exhibition—the intermediate country contains all that is really worth seeing, to enable you to judge of the various characteristics of men and the diversified26 objects of Nature.
Lord Curryfin. You can suspend your journey if you please, and see the intermediate country, if you prefer it.
The Rev. Dr. Opimian. But who does prefer it? You travel round the world by a hand-book, as you do round an exhibition-room by a catalogue.
Mr. MacBorrowdale. Not to say that in the intermediate country you are punished by bad inns and bad wine; of which I confess myself intolerant. I knew an unfortunate French tourist, who had made the round of Switzerland, and had but one expression for every stage of his journey: Mauvaise auberge!
Lord Curryfin. Well, then, what say you to the electric telegraph, by which you converse27 at the distance of thousands of miles? Even across the Atlantic, as no doubt we shall yet do.
Mr. Gryll. Some of us have already heard the doctor's opinion on that subject.
The Rev. Dr. Opimian. I have no wish to expedite communication with the Americans. If we could apply the power of electrical repulsion to preserve us from ever hearing anything more of them, I should think that we had for once derived28 a benefit from science.
Mr. Gryll. Your love for the Americans, doctor, seems something like that of Cicero's friend Marius for the Greeks. He would not take the nearest road to his villa29, because it was called the Greek Road.{1} Perhaps if your nearest way home were called the American Road, you would make a circuit to avoid it.
The Rev. Dr. Opimian. I am happy to say I am not put to the test. Magnetism30, galvanism, electricity, are 'one form of many names.'{2} Without magnetism we should never have discovered America; to which we are indebted for nothing but evil; diseases in the worst forms that can afflict31 humanity, and slavery in the worst form in which slavery can cast. The Old World had the sugar-cane and the cotton-plant, though it did not so misuse32 them. Then, what good have we got from America? What good of any kind, from the whole continent and its islands, from the Esquimaux to Patagonia?
1 Non enim te puto Graecos ludos desiderare: praesertim quum
Grasca ire soleas.—Cicero: Ep. ad Div, vii. i.
2 (Greek phrase)—Æschylus: Prometheus.
Mr. Gryll. Newfoundland salt-fish, doctor.
The Rev. Dr. Opindan. That is something, but it does not turn the scale.
Mr. Gryll. If they have given us no good, we have given them none.
The Rev. Dr. Opimian. We have given them wine and classical literature; but I am afraid Bacchus and Minerva have equally "Scattered34 their bounty35 upon barren ground."
On the other hand, we have given the red men rum, which has been the chief instrument of their perdition. On the whole, our intercourse with America has been little else than an interchange of vices37 and diseases.
The Rev, Dr. Opimian. Civilised. The word requires definition. But looking into futurity, it seems to me that the ultimate tendency of the change is to substitute the worse for the better race; the Negro for the Red Indian. The Red Indian will not work for a master. No ill-usage will make him. Herein he is the noblest specimen39 of humanity that ever walked the earth. Therefore, the white man exterminates40 his race. But the time will come when by mere41 force of numbers the black race will predominate, and exterminate the white. And thus the worse race will be substituted for the better, even as it is in St. Domingo, where the Negro has taken the place of the Caraib. The change is clearly for the worse.
Lord Curryfin. You imply that in the meantime the white race is better than the red.
The Rev. Dr. Opimian. I leave that as an open question. But I hold, as some have done before me, that the human mind degenerates42 in America, and that the superiority, such as it is, of the white race, is only kept up by intercourse with Europe. Look at the atrocities43 in their ships. Look at their Congress and their Courts of Justice; debaters in the first; suitors, even advocates, sometimes judges, in the second, settling their arguments with pistol and dagger44. Look at their extensions of slavery, and their revivals45 of the slave-trade, now covertly46, soon to be openly. If it were possible that the two worlds could be absolutely dissevered for a century, I think a new Columbus would find nothing in America but savages47.
Lord Curryfin. You look at America, doctor, through your hatred48 of slavery. You must remember that we introduced it when they were our colonists49. It is not so easily got rid of. Its abolition50 by France exterminated51 the white race in St. Domingo, as the white race had exterminated the red. Its abolition by England ruined our West Indian colonies.
The Rev. Dr. Opimian. Yes, in conjunction with the direct encouragement of foreign slave labour, given by our friends of liberty under the pretext52 of free trade. It is a mockery to keep up a squadron for suppressing the slave-trade on the one hand, while, on the other hand, we encourage it to an extent that counteracts53 in a tenfold degree the apparent power of suppression. It is a clear case of false pretension.
Mr. Gryll. You know, doctor, the Old World had slavery throughout its entire extent; under the Patriarchs, the Greeks, the Romans; everywhere in short. Cicero thought our island not likely to produce anything worth having, excepting slaves;{1} and of those none skilled, as some slaves were, in letters and music, but all utterly54 destitute55 of both. And in the Old World the slaves were of the same race with the masters. The Negroes are an inferior race, not fit, I am afraid, for anything else.
1 Etiam illud jam cognitum est, neque argenti scripulum esse
ullum in ilia insula, neque ullam spem praedae, nisi ex
mancipiis: ex quibus nullos puto te literis aut musicis
eruditos expectare.—Cicero: ad Atticum, iv. 16.
A hope is expressed by Pomponius Mela, 1. iii, c. 6 (he
wrote under Claudius), that, by the success of the Roman
arms, the island and its savage inhabitants would soon be
in the midst of London.—Gibbon: c. i.
The Rev. Dr. Opimian. Not fit, perhaps, for anything else belonging to what we call civilised life. Very fit to live on little, and wear nothing, in Africa; where it would have been a blessing57 to themselves and the rest of the world if they had been left unmolested; if they had had a Friar Bacon to surround their entire continent with a wall of brass58.
Mr. Falconer. I am not sure, doctor, that in many instances, even yet, the white slavery of our factories is not worse than the black slavery of America. We have done much to amend59 it, and shall do more. Still, much remains60 to be done.
The Rev. Dr. Opimiun. And will be done, I hope and believe. The Americans do nothing to amend their system. On the contrary, they do all they can to make bad worse. Whatever excuse there may be for maintaining slavery where it exists, there can be none for extending it into new territories; none for reviving the African slave-trade. These are the crying sins of America. Our white slavery, so far as it goes, is so far worse, that it is the degradation of a better race. But if it be not redressed61, as I trust it will be, it will work out its own retribution. And so it is of all the oppressions that are done under the sun. Though all men but the red men will work for a master, they will not fight for an oppressor in the day of his need. Thus gigantic empires have crumbled62 into dust at the first touch of an invader's footstep. For petty, as for great oppressions, there is a day of retribution growing out of themselves. It is often long in coming. Ut sit magna, tamen eerie63 lenla ira Deoruni est.{1} But it comes.
Raro anteccdentem scelestum
Deseruit pede poena claudo.{2}
1 The anger of the Gods, though great, is slow.
O'ertakes at last preceding Wrong.
Lord Curryfin. I will not say, doctor, 'I've seen, and sure I ought to know.' But I have been in America, and I have found there, what many others will testify, a very numerous class of persons who hold opinions very like your own: persons who altogether keep aloof65 from public life, because they consider it abandoned to the rabble66; but who are as refined, as enlightened, as full of sympathy for all that tends to justice and liberty, as any whom you may most approve amongst ourselves.
The Rev. Dr. Opimian. Of that I have no doubt But I look to public acts and public men.
Lord Curryfin. I should much like to know what Mr. MacBorrowdale thinks of all this.
Mr. MacBorrowdale. Troth, my lord, I think we have strayed far away from the good company we began with. We have lost sight of Jack of Dover. But the discussion had one bright feature. It did not interfere67 with, it rather promoted, the circulation of the bottle: for every man who spoke68 pushed it on with as much energy as he spoke with, and those who were silent swallowed the wine and the opinion together, as if they relished69 them both.
The Rev. Dr. Opimian. So far, discussion may find favour. In my own experience I have found it very absorbent of claret. But I do not think it otherwise an incongruity70 after dinner, provided it be carried on, as our disquisitions have always been, with frankness and good humour. Consider how much instruction has been conveyed to us in the form of conversations at banquet, by Plato and Xenophon and Plutarch. I read nothing with more pleasure than their Symposia71: to say nothing of Athenaeus, whose work is one long banquet.
Mr. MacBorrowdale. Nay72, I do not object to conversation on any subject. I object to after-dinner lectures. I have had some unfortunate experiences. I have found what began in conversation end in a lecture. I have, on different occasions, met several men, who were in that respect all alike. Once started they never stopped. The rest of the good company, or rather the rest which without them would have been good company, was no company. No one could get in a word. They went on with one unvarying stream of monotonous73 desolating74 sound. This makes me tremble when a discussion begins. I sit in fear of a lecture.
Lord Curryfin. Well, you and I have lectured, but never after dinner. We do it when we have promised it, and when those who are present expect it. After dinner, I agree with you, it is the most doleful blight75 that can fall on human enjoyment76.
Mr. MacBorrowdale. I will give you one or two examples of these postprandial inflictions. One was a great Indian reformer. He did not open his mouth till he had had about a bottle and a half of wine. Then he burst on us with a declamation77 on all that was wrong in India, and its remedy. He began in the Punjab, travelled to Calcutta, went southward, got into the Temple of Juggernaut, went southward again, and after holding forth78 for more than an hour, paused for a moment. The man who sate79 next him attempted to speak: but the orator80 clapped him on the arm, and said: 'Excuse me: now I come to Madras.' On which his neighbour jumped up and vanished. Another went on in the same way about currency. His first hour's talking carried him just through the Restriction81 Act of ninety-seven. As we had then more than half-a-century before us, I took my departure. But these were two whom topography and chronology would have brought to a close. The bore of all bores was the third. His subject had no beginning, middle, nor end. It was education. Never was such a journey through the desert of mind: the Great Sahara of intellect. The very recollection makes me thirsty.
The Rev. Dr. Opimian. If all the nonsense which, in the last quarter of a century, has been talked on all other subjects were thrown into one scale, and all that has been talked on the subject of education alone were thrown into the other, I think the latter would preponderate82.
Lord Curryfin. We have had through the whole period some fine specimens83 of nonsense on other subjects: for instance, with a single exception, political economy.
Mr. MacBorrowdale. I understand your lordship's politeness as excepting the present company. You need not except me. I am 'free to confess,' as they say 'in another place,' that I have talked a great deal of nonsense on that subject myself.
The Rev. Dr. Opimian. Allowing full weight to the two last-named ingredients, they are not more than a counterpoise to Competitive Examination, which is also a recent exotic belonging to education.
Lord Curryfin. Patronage85, it used to be alleged86, considered only the fitness of the place for the man, not the fitness of the man for the place. It was desirable to reverse this.
The Rev. Dr. Opimian. True: but—
'dum vitant stulli vitium, in contraria curruni.' {1}
its opposite.—Hor. Sal. i. 2, 24.
Questions which can only be answered by the parrotings of a memory crammed87 to disease with all sorts of heterogeneous88 diet can form no test of genius, taste, judgment89, or natural capacity. Competitive Examination takes for its norma: 'It is better to learn many things ill than one thing well'; or rather: 'It is better to learn to gabble about everything than to understand anything.' This is not the way to discover the wood of which Mercuries are made. I have been told that this precious scheme has been borrowed from China: a pretty fountain-head for moral and political improvement: and if so, I may say, after Petronius: 'This windy and monstrous90 loquacity91 has lately found its way to us from Asia, and like a pestilential star has blighted92 the minds of youth otherwise rising to greatness.'{1}
1 Nuper ventosa isthaec et enormis loquacitas Athenas ex
Asia commigravit, animosque juvenum, ad magna surgentes,
veluti pestilenti quodam sidere afflavit.
Lord Curryfin. There is something to be said on behalf of applying the same tests, addressing the same questions, to everybody.
The Rev. Dr. Opimian. I shall be glad to hear what can be said on that behalf.
Lord Curryfin (after a pause). 'Mass,' as the second grave-digger says in Hamlet, 'I cannot tell.'
A chorus of laughter dissolved the sitting.
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1
jack
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| n.插座，千斤顶，男人；v.抬起，提醒，扛举；n.（Jake）杰克 | |
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prosecuting
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| 检举、告发某人( prosecute的现在分词 )； 对某人提起公诉； 继续从事（某事物）； 担任控方律师 | |
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inquiry
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| n.打听，询问，调查，查问 | |
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pretension
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| n.要求；自命，自称；自负 | |
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5
rev
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| v.发动机旋转，加快速度 | |
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patriotic
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| adj.爱国的，有爱国心的 | |
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virtue
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| n.德行，美德；贞操；优点；功效，效力 | |
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mischief
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| n.损害，伤害，危害；恶作剧，捣蛋，胡闹 | |
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refinements
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| n.（生活）风雅；精炼( refinement的名词复数 )；改良品；细微的改良；优雅或高贵的动作 | |
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cannon
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| n.大炮，火炮；飞机上的机关炮 | |
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11
wrecks
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| n.沉船( wreck的名词复数 )；（事故中）遭严重毁坏的汽车（或飞机等）；（身体或精神上）受到严重损伤的人；状况非常糟糕的车辆（或建筑物等）v.毁坏[毁灭]某物( wreck的第三人称单数 )；使（船舶）失事，使遇难，使下沉 | |
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12
insanity
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| n.疯狂，精神错乱；极端的愚蠢，荒唐 | |
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13
leakage
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| n.漏，泄漏；泄漏物；漏出量 | |
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impunity
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| n.(惩罚、损失、伤害等的)免除 | |
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machinery
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| n.(总称)机械，机器；机构 | |
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degradation
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| n.降级；低落；退化；陵削；降解；衰变 | |
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makers
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| n.制造者，制造商（maker的复数形式） | |
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enumerate
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| v.列举，计算，枚举，数 | |
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inflicted
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| 把…强加给，使承受，遭受( inflict的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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exterminate
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| v.扑灭，消灭，根绝 | |
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bin
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| n.箱柜；vt.放入箱内；[计算机] DOS文件名:二进制目标文件 | |
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22
fully
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| adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地 | |
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expenditure
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| n.(时间、劳力、金钱等)支出；使用，消耗 | |
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24
essentially
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| adv.本质上，实质上，基本上 | |
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25
intercourse
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| n.性交；交流，交往，交际 | |
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diversified
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| adj.多样化的，多种经营的v.使多样化，多样化( diversify的过去式和过去分词 )；进入新的商业领域 | |
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converse
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| vi.谈话，谈天，闲聊；adv.相反的，相反 | |
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derived
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| vi.起源；由来；衍生；导出v.得到( derive的过去式和过去分词 )；（从…中）得到获得；源于；（从…中）提取 | |
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villa
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| n.别墅，城郊小屋 | |
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30
magnetism
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| n.磁性，吸引力，磁学 | |
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afflict
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| vt.使身体或精神受痛苦，折磨 | |
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misuse
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| n.误用，滥用；vt.误用，滥用 | |
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villain
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| n.反派演员，反面人物；恶棍；问题的起因 | |
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scattered
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| adj.分散的，稀疏的；散步的；疏疏落落的 | |
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bounty
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| n.慷慨的赠予物，奖金；慷慨，大方；施与 | |
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vice
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| n.坏事；恶习；[pl.]台钳，老虎钳；adj.副的 | |
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vices
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| 缺陷( vice的名词复数 )； 恶习； 不道德行为； 台钳 | |
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savage
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| adj.野蛮的；凶恶的，残暴的；n.未开化的人 | |
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specimen
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| n.样本，标本 | |
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exterminates
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| n.消灭，根绝( exterminate的名词复数 )v.消灭，根绝( exterminate的第三人称单数 ) | |
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mere
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| adj.纯粹的；仅仅，只不过 | |
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degenerates
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| 衰退，堕落，退化( degenerate的第三人称单数 ) | |
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atrocities
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| n.邪恶，暴行( atrocity的名词复数 )；滔天大罪 | |
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dagger
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| n.匕首，短剑，剑号 | |
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revivals
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| n.复活( revival的名词复数 )；再生；复兴；（老戏多年后）重新上演 | |
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covertly
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| adv.偷偷摸摸地 | |
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savages
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| 未开化的人，野蛮人( savage的名词复数 ) | |
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48
hatred
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| n.憎恶，憎恨，仇恨 | |
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colonists
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| n.殖民地开拓者，移民，殖民地居民( colonist的名词复数 ) | |
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abolition
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| n.废除，取消 | |
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exterminated
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| v.消灭，根绝( exterminate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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pretext
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| n.借口，托词 | |
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counteracts
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| 对抗，抵消( counteract的第三人称单数 ) | |
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utterly
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| adv.完全地，绝对地 | |
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destitute
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| adj.缺乏的；穷困的 | |
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peruse
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| v.细读，精读 | |
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blessing
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| n.祈神赐福；祷告；祝福，祝愿 | |
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brass
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| n.黄铜；黄铜器，铜管乐器 | |
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amend
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| vt.修改，修订，改进；n.[pl.]赔罪，赔偿 | |
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remains
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| n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹 | |
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redressed
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| v.改正( redress的过去式和过去分词 )；重加权衡；恢复平衡 | |
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crumbled
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| （把…）弄碎， （使）碎成细屑( crumble的过去式和过去分词 )； 衰落； 坍塌； 损坏 | |
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eerie
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| adj.怪诞的；奇异的；可怕的；胆怯的 | |
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lame
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| adj.跛的，(辩解、论据等)无说服力的 | |
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aloof
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| adj.远离的；冷淡的，漠不关心的 | |
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rabble
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| n.乌合之众，暴民；下等人 | |
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interfere
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| v.(in)干涉，干预；(with)妨碍，打扰 | |
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spoke
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| n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说 | |
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relished
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| v.欣赏( relish的过去式和过去分词 )；从…获得乐趣；渴望 | |
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incongruity
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| n.不协调，不一致 | |
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symposia
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| 座谈会，评论集； 讨论会( symposium的名词复数 )； 专题讨论会； 研讨会； 小型讨论会 | |
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nay
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| adv.不；n.反对票，投反对票者 | |
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monotonous
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| adj.单调的，一成不变的，使人厌倦的 | |
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desolating
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| 毁坏( desolate的现在分词 )； 极大地破坏； 使沮丧； 使痛苦 | |
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blight
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| n.枯萎病；造成破坏的因素；vt.破坏，摧残 | |
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enjoyment
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| n.乐趣；享有；享用 | |
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declamation
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| n. 雄辩，高调 | |
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forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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sate
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| v.使充分满足 | |
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orator
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| n.演说者，演讲者，雄辩家 | |
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restriction
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| n.限制，约束 | |
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preponderate
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| v.数目超过；占优势 | |
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specimens
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| n.样品( specimen的名词复数 )；范例；（化验的）抽样；某种类型的人 | |
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mighty
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| adj.强有力的；巨大的 | |
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patronage
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| n.赞助，支援，援助；光顾，捧场 | |
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alleged
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| a.被指控的，嫌疑的 | |
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crammed
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| adj.塞满的，挤满的；大口地吃；快速贪婪地吃v.把…塞满；填入；临时抱佛脚( cram的过去式) | |
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heterogeneous
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| adj.庞杂的；异类的 | |
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judgment
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| n.审判；判断力，识别力，看法，意见 | |
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monstrous
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| adj.巨大的；恐怖的；可耻的，丢脸的 | |
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loquacity
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| n.多话，饶舌 | |
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blighted
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| adj.枯萎的，摧毁的 | |
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