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XV. LEADERS, METHODS, AND ANATHEMAS
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I must frankly1 confess that when I first went to Turkey I was somewhat prejudiced against the missionaries2 there and missionary3 work, to this extent: As what, I suppose, you might call a high Anglican, I looked with a certain esteem4 and regard upon the old churches of the East and it seemed to me theoretically that the proper method of missionary enterprise was to try to cooperate with those churches, helping5 them to educate and evangelize themselves. As a result of contact first with the Congregational missionaries of the A. B. C. F. M., this prejudice very speedily vanished. I found those men not only most earnest and devout6 Christians8, but, so to speak, thoroughly9 Catholic and non-partisan, and I found that they had profoundly influenced for good the ancient Christian7 churches where they had come in contact with them and, in fact, regenerated10 (I think the term is not too strong) the Armenian Church. They themselves were men not only of culture and refinement11 and earnest religious devotion, but of broad, statesmanlike views, an unusual group.
At Constantinople I was also brought into close contact with the men and women conducting the two great colleges, Robert College at Roumelia Hissar and the Woman’s College at Scutari, and had some opportunity to estimate the value of that work and its profound influence as a
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frankly
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adv.坦白地,直率地;坦率地说 | |
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missionaries
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n.传教士( missionary的名词复数 ) | |
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missionary
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adj.教会的,传教(士)的;n.传教士 | |
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esteem
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n.尊敬,尊重;vt.尊重,敬重;把…看作 | |
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helping
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n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的,辅助的 | |
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devout
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adj.虔诚的,虔敬的,衷心的 (n.devoutness) | |
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Christian
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adj.基督教徒的;n.基督教徒 | |
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Christians
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n.基督教徒( Christian的名词复数 ) | |
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thoroughly
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adv.完全地,彻底地,十足地 | |
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regenerated
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v.新生,再生( regenerate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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refinement
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n.文雅;高尚;精美;精制;精炼 | |
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civilizing
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v.使文明,使开化( civilize的现在分词 ) | |
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synonym
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n.同义词,换喻词 | |
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disinterested
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adj.不关心的,不感兴趣的 | |
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lengthy
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adj.漫长的,冗长的 | |
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extravagant
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adj.奢侈的;过分的;(言行等)放肆的 | |
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relatively
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adv.比较...地,相对地 | |
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expenditure
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n.(时间、劳力、金钱等)支出;使用,消耗 | |
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indirectly
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adv.间接地,不直接了当地 | |
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diffusing
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(使光)模糊,漫射,漫散( diffuse的现在分词 ); (使)扩散; (使)弥漫; (使)传播 | |
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hindrances
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阻碍者( hindrance的名词复数 ); 障碍物; 受到妨碍的状态 | |
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testament
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n.遗嘱;证明 | |
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rev
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v.发动机旋转,加快速度 | |
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bishop
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n.主教,(国际象棋)象 | |
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fully
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adv.完全地,全部地,彻底地;充分地 | |
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abominably
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adv. 可恶地,可恨地,恶劣地 | |
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corrupt
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v.贿赂,收买;adj.腐败的,贪污的 | |
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superstitions
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迷信,迷信行为( superstition的名词复数 ) | |
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meddling
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v.干涉,干预(他人事务)( meddle的现在分词 ) | |
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celibacy
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n.独身(主义) | |
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clergy
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n.[总称]牧师,神职人员 | |
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aloof
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adj.远离的;冷淡的,漠不关心的 | |
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disdain
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n.鄙视,轻视;v.轻视,鄙视,不屑 | |
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sects
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n.宗派,教派( sect的名词复数 ) | |
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utterances
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n.发声( utterance的名词复数 );说话方式;语调;言论 | |
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dwelling
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n.住宅,住所,寓所 | |
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interpretation
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n.解释,说明,描述;艺术处理 | |
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scriptures
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经文,圣典( scripture的名词复数 ); 经典 | |
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bishops
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(基督教某些教派管辖大教区的)主教( bishop的名词复数 ); (国际象棋的)象 | |
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hearty
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adj.热情友好的;衷心的;尽情的,纵情的 | |
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contemplate
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vt.盘算,计议;周密考虑;注视,凝视 | |
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contemplated
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adj. 预期的 动词contemplate的过去分词形式 | |
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wrought
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v.引起;以…原料制作;运转;adj.制造的 | |
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decadence
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n.衰落,颓废 | |
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proffering
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v.提供,贡献,提出( proffer的现在分词 ) | |
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undoubtedly
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adv.确实地,无疑地 | |
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influential
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adj.有影响的,有权势的 | |
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remarkable
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adj.显著的,异常的,非凡的,值得注意的 | |
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decided
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adj.决定了的,坚决的;明显的,明确的 | |
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ordained
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v.任命(某人)为牧师( ordain的过去式和过去分词 );授予(某人)圣职;(上帝、法律等)命令;判定 | |
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layman
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n.俗人,门外汉,凡人 | |
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versed
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adj. 精通,熟练 | |
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persecution
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n. 迫害,烦扰 | |
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vernacular
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adj.地方的,用地方语写成的;n.白话;行话;本国语;动植物的俗名 | |
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disapproval
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n.反对,不赞成 | |
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ecclesiastics
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n.神职者,教会,牧师( ecclesiastic的名词复数 ) | |
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anathemas
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n.(天主教的)革出教门( anathema的名词复数 );诅咒;令人极其讨厌的事;被基督教诅咒的人或事 | |
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anathema
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n.诅咒;被诅咒的人(物),十分讨厌的人(物) | |
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applied
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adj.应用的;v.应用,适用 | |
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derived
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vi.起源;由来;衍生;导出v.得到( derive的过去式和过去分词 );(从…中)得到获得;源于;(从…中)提取 | |
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ordination
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n.授任圣职 | |
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emancipated
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adj.被解放的,不受约束的v.解放某人(尤指摆脱政治、法律或社会的束缚)( emancipate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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radical
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n.激进份子,原子团,根号;adj.根本的,激进的,彻底的 | |
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supervision
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n.监督,管理 | |
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esteemed
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adj.受人尊敬的v.尊敬( esteem的过去式和过去分词 );敬重;认为;以为 | |
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intercourse
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n.性交;交流,交往,交际 | |
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inquiry
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n.打听,询问,调查,查问 | |
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revival
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n.复兴,复苏,(精力、活力等的)重振 | |
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cholera
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n.霍乱 | |
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disintegrating
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v.(使)破裂[分裂,粉碎],(使)崩溃( disintegrate的现在分词 ) | |
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exalting
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a.令人激动的,令人喜悦的 | |
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astute
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adj.机敏的,精明的 | |
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bigoted
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adj.固执己见的,心胸狭窄的 | |
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banished
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v.放逐,驱逐( banish的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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solely
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adv.仅仅,唯一地 | |
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salvation
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n.(尤指基督)救世,超度,拯救,解困 | |
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possessed
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adj.疯狂的;拥有的,占有的 | |
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deposed
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v.罢免( depose的过去式和过去分词 );(在法庭上)宣誓作证 | |
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reign
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n.统治时期,统治,支配,盛行;v.占优势 | |
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consternation
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n.大为吃惊,惊骇 | |
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persecute
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vt.迫害,虐待;纠缠,骚扰 | |
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softening
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变软,软化 | |
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persecuted
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(尤指宗教或政治信仰的)迫害(~sb. for sth.)( persecute的过去式和过去分词 ); 烦扰,困扰或骚扰某人 | |
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procure
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vt.获得,取得,促成;vi.拉皮条 | |
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heed
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v.注意,留意;n.注意,留心 | |
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subsided
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v.(土地)下陷(因在地下采矿)( subside的过去式和过去分词 );减弱;下降至较低或正常水平;一下子坐在椅子等上 | |
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momentum
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n.动力,冲力,势头;动量 | |
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destined
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adj.命中注定的;(for)以…为目的地的 | |
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irresistible
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adj.非常诱人的,无法拒绝的,无法抗拒的 | |
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awakening
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n.觉醒,醒悟 adj.觉醒中的;唤醒的 | |
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standing
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n.持续,地位;adj.永久的,不动的,直立的,不流动的 | |
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persecuting
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(尤指宗教或政治信仰的)迫害(~sb. for sth.)( persecute的现在分词 ); 烦扰,困扰或骚扰某人 | |
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excision
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n.删掉;除去 | |
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followers
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追随者( follower的名词复数 ); 用户; 契据的附面; 从动件 | |
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epithet
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n.(用于褒贬人物等的)表述形容词,修饰语 | |
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condemnation
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n.谴责; 定罪 | |
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dwellings
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n.住处,处所( dwelling的名词复数 ) | |
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fanaticism
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n.狂热,盲信 | |
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reigned
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vi.当政,统治(reign的过去式形式) | |
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inflamed
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adj.发炎的,红肿的v.(使)变红,发怒,过热( inflame的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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malediction
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n.诅咒 | |
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hurled
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v.猛投,用力掷( hurl的过去式和过去分词 );大声叫骂 | |
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repudiating
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v.(正式地)否认( repudiate的现在分词 );拒绝接受;拒绝与…往来;拒不履行(法律义务) | |
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drawn
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v.拖,拉,拔出;adj.憔悴的,紧张的 | |
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pastor
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n.牧师,牧人 | |
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confession
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n.自白,供认,承认 | |
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forth
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adv.向前;向外,往外 | |
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compulsory
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n.强制的,必修的;规定的,义务的 | |
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Moslem
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n.回教徒,穆罕默德信徒;adj.回教徒的,回教的 | |
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interfere
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v.(in)干涉,干预;(with)妨碍,打扰 | |
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abide
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vi.遵守;坚持;vt.忍受 | |
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redress
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n.赔偿,救济,矫正;v.纠正,匡正,革除 | |
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intervention
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n.介入,干涉,干预 | |
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monks
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n.修道士,僧侣( monk的名词复数 ) | |
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下一章:
XVI. RESULTS
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