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CHAPTER IX
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HOW WILD BEASTS ARE TAUGHT TRICKS
The next stage in the training of a lion is for the trainer to enter the cage again with the chair and stick. No longer militant1, but somewhat timid, the animal keeps in his corner, furtively2 watching the trainer. Little by little, the man edges the chair over until he is within reach; then he begins to rub the lion with his stick. Little by little he decreases the distance still more, until, finally, he has his hand on the lion’s shoulder and is patting him gently.
This is another great step in advance. The lion has learned to endure the touch of the human hand; although he murmurs3 sulkily, he likes it, for few animals are indifferent to petting. Day by day the trainer familiarizes the lion with his presence and touch; rubbing144 his back, stroking his shoulders, raising his paws,—a somewhat risky4 and ticklish5 trial,—and in the course of about two weeks after first entering the cage, if the animal be of fairly good temper, all alarm and overt6 enmity have been eradicated7, so accustomed has the animal become to the presence of this one man.
After this he is taught to back until he reaches the rear of the cage, and then made to lie down. After a time he is made to lie down and stand up, at either the word of command or at a certain cue, and after each act of obedience9 he is given a small piece of raw meat as a reward. If he does not obey, he gets no reward, and in time the habit becomes strong, and he does what is required of him, whether he gets anything for it or not.
Then comes another period of extreme danger for the trainer. This is when the animal first enters the arena10. He finds himself in a place which seems vast after a cage, and becoming a little bewildered at the strange surroundings, behaves in an
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1
militant
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| adj.激进的,好斗的;n.激进分子,斗士 | |
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furtively
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| adv. 偷偷地, 暗中地 | |
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murmurs
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| n.低沉、连续而不清的声音( murmur的名词复数 );低语声;怨言;嘀咕 | |
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risky
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| adj.有风险的,冒险的 | |
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ticklish
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| adj.怕痒的;问题棘手的;adv.怕痒地;n.怕痒,小心处理 | |
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overt
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| adj.公开的,明显的,公然的 | |
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eradicated
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| 画着根的 | |
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accustom
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| vt.使适应,使习惯 | |
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obedience
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| n.服从,顺从 | |
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arena
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| n.竞技场,运动场所;竞争场所,舞台 | |
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entirely
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| ad.全部地,完整地;完全地,彻底地 | |
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tractable
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| adj.易驾驭的;温顺的 | |
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docile
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| adj.驯服的,易控制的,容易教的 | |
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soothe
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| v.安慰;使平静;使减轻;缓和;奉承 | |
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amenable
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| adj.经得起检验的;顺从的;对负有义务的 | |
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slumbering
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| 微睡,睡眠(slumber的现在分词形式) | |
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awakened
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| v.(使)醒( awaken的过去式和过去分词 );(使)觉醒;弄醒;(使)意识到 | |
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adept
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| adj.老练的,精通的 | |
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painstaking
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| adj.苦干的;艰苦的,费力的,刻苦的 | |
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remains
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| n.剩余物,残留物;遗体,遗迹 | |
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paramount
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| a.最重要的,最高权力的 | |
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meekly
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| adv.温顺地,逆来顺受地 | |
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meek
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| adj.温顺的,逆来顺受的 | |
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inborn
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| adj.天生的,生来的,先天的 | |
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thoroughly
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| adv.完全地,彻底地,十足地 | |
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savage
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| adj.野蛮的;凶恶的,残暴的;n.未开化的人 | |
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paraphernalia
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| n.装备;随身用品 | |
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instinctive
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| adj.(出于)本能的;直觉的;(出于)天性的 | |
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habitually
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| ad.习惯地,通常地 | |
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leopards
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| n.豹( leopard的名词复数 );本性难移 | |
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leopard
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| n.豹 | |
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jaguars
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| n.(中、南美洲的)美洲虎( jaguar的名词复数 ) | |
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jaguar
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| n.美洲虎 | |
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instilled
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| v.逐渐使某人获得(某种可取的品质),逐步灌输( instill的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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awe
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| n.敬畏,惊惧;vt.使敬畏,使惊惧 | |
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coaxing
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| v.哄,用好话劝说( coax的现在分词 );巧言骗取;哄劝,劝诱;“锻炼”效应 | |
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coercion
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| n.强制,高压统治 | |
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feats
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| 功绩,伟业,技艺( feat的名词复数 ) | |
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feat
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| n.功绩;武艺,技艺;adj.灵巧的,漂亮的,合适的 | |
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apparently
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| adv.显然地;表面上,似乎 | |
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crouching
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| v.屈膝,蹲伏( crouch的现在分词 ) | |
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hesitation
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| n.犹豫,踌躇 | |
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tightening
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| 上紧,固定,紧密 | |
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sleek
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| adj.光滑的,井然有序的;v.使光滑,梳拢 | |
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sinewy
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| adj.多腱的,强壮有力的 | |
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spunk
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| n.勇气,胆量 | |
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determined
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| adj.坚定的;有决心的 | |
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coaxed
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| v.哄,用好话劝说( coax的过去式和过去分词 );巧言骗取;哄劝,劝诱 | |
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decided
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| adj.决定了的,坚决的;明显的,明确的 | |
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persuasion
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| n.劝说;说服;持有某种信仰的宗派 | |
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hissing
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| n. 发嘶嘶声, 蔑视 动词hiss的现在分词形式 | |
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snarling
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| v.(指狗)吠,嗥叫, (人)咆哮( snarl的现在分词 );咆哮着说,厉声地说 | |
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discomfiture
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| n.崩溃;大败;挫败;困惑 | |
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deviation
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| n.背离,偏离;偏差,偏向;离题 | |
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positively
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| adv.明确地,断然,坚决地;实在,确实 | |
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adherence
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| n.信奉,依附,坚持,固着 | |
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contemplated
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| adj. 预期的 动词contemplate的过去分词形式 | |
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illustrate
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| v.举例说明,阐明;图解,加插图 | |
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flicked
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| (尤指用手指或手快速地)轻击( flick的过去式和过去分词 ); (用…)轻挥; (快速地)按开关; 向…笑了一下(或瞥了一眼等) | |
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obtrude
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| v.闯入;侵入;打扰 | |
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juncture
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| n.时刻,关键时刻,紧要关头 | |
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casually
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| adv.漠不关心地,无动于衷地,不负责任地 | |
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demur
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| v.表示异议,反对 | |
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subdued
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| adj. 屈服的,柔和的,减弱的 动词subdue的过去式和过去分词 | |
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standing
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| n.持续,地位;adj.永久的,不动的,直立的,不流动的 | |
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proceeding
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| n.行动,进行,(pl.)会议录,学报 | |
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dubious
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| adj.怀疑的,无把握的;有问题的,靠不住的 | |
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promptly
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| adv.及时地,敏捷地 | |
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noted
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| adj.著名的,知名的 | |
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thigh
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| n.大腿;股骨 | |
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cartridges
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| 子弹( cartridge的名词复数 ); (打印机的)墨盒; 录音带盒; (唱机的)唱头 | |
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oblivious
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| adj.易忘的,遗忘的,忘却的,健忘的 | |
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scrambled
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| v.快速爬行( scramble的过去式和过去分词 );攀登;争夺;(军事飞机)紧急起飞 | |
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intoxication
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| n.wild excitement;drunkenness;poisoning | |
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affected
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| adj.不自然的,假装的 | |
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stimulated
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| a.刺激的 | |
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acting
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| n.演戏,行为,假装;adj.代理的,临时的,演出用的 | |
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conceit
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| n.自负,自高自大 | |
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tune
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| n.调子;和谐,协调;v.调音,调节,调整 | |
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accomplishment
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| n.完成,成就,(pl.)造诣,技能 | |
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conceitedness
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| 自负 | |
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dread
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| vt.担忧,忧虑;惧怕,不敢;n.担忧,畏惧 | |
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sensational
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| adj.使人感动的,非常好的,轰动的,耸人听闻的 | |
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captivity
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| n.囚禁;被俘;束缚 | |
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brute
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| n.野兽,兽性 | |
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killing
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| n.巨额利润;突然赚大钱,发大财 | |
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expedient
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| adj.有用的,有利的;n.紧急的办法,权宜之计 | |
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tonic
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| n./adj.滋补品,补药,强身的,健体的 | |
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CHAPTER VIII
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CHAPTER X
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