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第三小节
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The two individuals in the foregoing parable1 were worrying each other with fundamental questions. And what makes the parable unrealistic is the improbability of real individuals ever doing any such thing. If the plain man, for instance, has almost ceased to deal in fundamental questions in these days, the reason is not difficult to find. The reason lies in the modern perception that fundamental questions are getting very hard to answer. In a former time a dogmatic answer was ready waiting for every fundamental question. You asked the question, but before you asked it you knew the answer, and so there was no argument and nearly no anxiety. In that former time a mere2 child could glance at your conduct and tell you with certainty exactly what you would be doing and how you would be feeling ten thousand years hence, if you persisted in the said conduct. But knowledge has advanced since then, and the inconvenience of increased knowledge is that it intensifies3 the sense of ignorance, with the result that, though we know immensely more than our grandfathers knew, we feel immensely more ignorant than they ever felt. They were, indeed, too ignorant to be aware of ignorance—which is perhaps a comfortable state. Thus the plain man nowadays shirks fundamental questions. And assuredly no member of the Society for the Suppression of Moral Indignation shall blame him.
All fundamental questions resolve themselves finally into the following assertion and inquiry4 about life: “I am now engaged in something rather tiresome5. What do I stand to gain by it later on?” That is the basic query6. It has forms of varying importance. In its supreme7 form the word “eternity8” has to be employed. And the plain man is, to-day, so sensitive about this supreme form of the question that, far from asking and trying to answer it, he can scarcely bear to hear it even discussed—I mean discussed with candour. In practise a frank discussion of it usually
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1
parable
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n.寓言,比喻 | |
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2
mere
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adj.纯粹的;仅仅,只不过 | |
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3
intensifies
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n.(使)增强, (使)加剧( intensify的名词复数 )v.(使)增强, (使)加剧( intensify的第三人称单数 ) | |
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4
inquiry
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n.打听,询问,调查,查问 | |
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5
tiresome
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adj.令人疲劳的,令人厌倦的 | |
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6
query
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n.疑问,问号,质问;vt.询问,表示怀疑 | |
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7
supreme
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adj.极度的,最重要的;至高的,最高的 | |
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8
eternity
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n.不朽,来世;永恒,无穷 | |
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9
tempts
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v.引诱或怂恿(某人)干不正当的事( tempt的第三人称单数 );使想要 | |
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10
thereby
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adv.因此,从而 | |
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11
compensate
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vt.补偿,赔偿;酬报 vi.弥补;补偿;抵消 | |
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12
misery
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n.痛苦,苦恼,苦难;悲惨的境遇,贫苦 | |
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13
outweigh
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vt.比...更重,...更重要 | |
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14
immediate
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adj.立即的;直接的,最接近的;紧靠的 | |
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15
dallying
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v.随随便便地对待( dally的现在分词 );不很认真地考虑;浪费时间;调情 | |
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16
cumulative
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adj.累积的,渐增的 | |
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battering
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n.用坏,损坏v.连续猛击( batter的现在分词 ) | |
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drenched
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adj.湿透的;充满的v.使湿透( drench的过去式和过去分词 );在某人(某物)上大量使用(某液体) | |
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19
overthrow
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v.推翻,打倒,颠覆;n.推翻,瓦解,颠覆 | |
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20
remains
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n.剩余物,残留物;遗体,遗迹 | |
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21
entirely
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ad.全部地,完整地;完全地,彻底地 | |
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22
paramount
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a.最重要的,最高权力的 | |
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peculiar
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adj.古怪的,异常的;特殊的,特有的 | |
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24
trot
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n.疾走,慢跑;n.老太婆;现成译本;(复数)trots:腹泻(与the 连用);v.小跑,快步走,赶紧 | |
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culpable
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adj.有罪的,该受谴责的 | |
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gullibility
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n.易受骗,易上当,轻信 | |
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cowardice
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n.胆小,怯懦 | |
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第四小节
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