For many days now the fag-end of the army had been straggling through the town．They were not troops，but a disbanded horde．The beards of the men were long and filthy，their uniforms in tatters，and they advanced at an easy pace without flag or regiment．All seemed worn-out and back-broken，incapable of a thought or a resolution，marching by habit solely， and falling from fatigue as soon as they stopped．In short，they were a mobilized，pacific people，bending under the weight of the gun；some little squads on the alert，easy to take alarm and prompt in enthusiasm，ready to attack or to flee；and in the midst of them，some red breeches，the remains of a division broken up in a great battle；some somber artillery men in line with these varied kinds of foot soldiers；and，sometimes the brilliant helmet of a dragoon on foot who followed with difficulty the shortest march of the lines．

Some legions of free-shooters，under the heroic names of“Avengers of the Defeat，”“Citizens of the Tomb，”“Partakers of Death，”passed in their turn with the air of bandits．

Their leaders were former cloth or grain merchants，exmerchants in tallow or soap，warriors of circumstance，elected officers on account of their escutcheons and the length of their mustaches，covered with arms and with braid，speaking in constrained voices，discussing plans of campaign，and pretending to carry agonized France alone on their swaggering shoulders，but sometimes fearing their own soldiers，prison-birds，that were often brave at first and later proved to be plunderers and debauchees．

It was said that the Prussians were going to enter Rouen．

The National Guard who for two months had been carefully reconnoitering in the neighboring woods，shooting sometimes their own sentinels，and ready for a combat whenever a little wolf stirred in the thicket，had now returned to their firesides．Their arms，their uniforms，all the murderous accoutrements with which they had lately struck fear into the national heart for three leagues in every direction，had suddenly disappeared．

The last French soldiers finally came across the Seine to reach the Audemer bridge through Saint-Sever and Bourg-Achard；and，marching behind，on foot，between two officers of ordnance，the General，in despair，unable to do anything with these incongruous tatters，himself lost in the breaking-up of a people accustomed to conquer and disastrously beaten，in spite of his legendary bravery．

A profound calm，a frightful，silent expectancy had spread over the city．Many of the heavy citizens，emasculated by commerce，anxiously awaited the conquerors，trembling lest their roasting spits or kitchen knives be considered arms．

All life seemed stopped；shops were closed， the streets dumb．Sometimes an inhabitant，intimidated by this silence，moved rapidly along next the walls． The agony of waiting made them wish the enemy would come．

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