The Meaning of Truth
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CHAPTER V The Essence of Humanism

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I

Humanism is a ferment1 that has ‘come to stay.’ It is not a single hypothesis or theorem, and it dwells on no new facts. It is rather a slow shifting in the philosophic2 perspective, making things appear as from a new centre of interest or point of sight. Some writers are strongly conscious of the shifting, others half unconscious, even though their own vision may have undergone much change. The result is no small confusion in debate, the half-conscious humanists often taking part against the radical3 ones, as if they wished to count upon the other side. 32

If humanism really be the name for such a shifting of perspective, it is obvious that the whole scene of the philosophic stage will change in some degree if humanism prevails. The emphasis of things, their foreground and background distribution, their sizes and values, will not keep just the same. 33 If such pervasive4 consequences be involved in humanism, it is clear that no pains which philosophers may take, first in defining it, and then in furthering, checking, or steering5 its progress, will be thrown away.

It suffers badly at present from incomplete definition. Its most systematic6 advocates, Schiller and Dewey, have published fragmentary programmes only; and its bearing on many vital philosophic problems has not been traced except by adversaries7 who, scenting8 heresies9 in advance, have showered blows on doctrines10 — subjectivism and scepticism, for example — that no good humanist finds it necessary to entertain. By their still greater reticences, the anti-humanists have, in turn,
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1 ferment lgQzt     
vt.使发酵；n./vt.（使）激动，（使）动乱
参考例句：
  • Fruit juices ferment if they are kept a long time.果汁若是放置很久，就会发酵。
  • The sixties were a time of theological ferment.六十年代是神学上骚动的时代。
2 philosophic ANExi     
adj.哲学的，贤明的
参考例句：
  • It was a most philosophic and jesuitical motorman.这是个十分善辩且狡猾的司机。
  • The Irish are a philosophic as well as a practical race.爱尔兰人是既重实际又善于思想的民族。
3 radical hA8zu     
n.激进份子，原子团，根号；adj.根本的，激进的，彻底的
参考例句：
  • The patient got a radical cure in the hospital.病人在医院得到了根治。
  • She is radical in her demands.她的要求十分偏激。
4 pervasive T3zzH     
adj.普遍的；遍布的，(到处)弥漫的；渗透性的
参考例句：
  • It is the most pervasive compound on earth.它是地球上最普遍的化合物。
  • The adverse health effects of car exhaust are pervasive and difficult to measure.汽车尾气对人类健康所构成的有害影响是普遍的，并且难以估算。
5 steering 3hRzbi     
n.操舵装置
参考例句：
  • He beat his hands on the steering wheel in frustration. 他沮丧地用手打了几下方向盘。
  • Steering according to the wind, he also framed his words more amicably. 他真会看风使舵，口吻也马上变得温和了。
6 systematic SqMwo     
adj.有系统的，有计划的，有方法的
参考例句：
  • The way he works isn't very systematic.他的工作不是很有条理。
  • The teacher made a systematic work of teaching.这个教师进行系统的教学工作。
7 adversaries 5e3df56a80cf841a3387bd9fd1360a22     
n.对手，敌手( adversary的名词复数 )
参考例句：
  • That would cause potential adversaries to recoil from a challenge. 这会迫使潜在的敌人在挑战面前退缩。 来自辞典例句
  • Every adversaries are more comfortable with a predictable, coherent America. 就连敌人也会因有可以预料的，始终一致的美国而感到舒服得多。 来自辞典例句
8 scenting 163c6ec33148fedfedca27cbb3a29280     
vt.闻到（scent的现在分词形式）
参考例句：
  • Soames, scenting the approach of a jest, closed up. 索来斯觉察出有点调侃的味儿来了，赶快把话打断。 来自辞典例句
  • The pale woodbines and the dog-roses were scenting the hedgerows. 金银花和野蔷薇把道旁的树也薰香了。 来自辞典例句
9 heresies 0a3eb092edcaa207536be81dd3f23146     
n.异端邪说，异教( heresy的名词复数 )
参考例句：
  • However, life would be pleasanter if Rhett would recant his heresies. 不过，如果瑞德放其他的那套异端邪说，生活就会惬意得多。 来自飘（部分）
  • The heresy of heresies was common sense. 一切异端当中顶大的异端——那便是常识。 来自英汉文学
10 doctrines 640cf8a59933d263237ff3d9e5a0f12e     
n.教条( doctrine的名词复数 )；教义；学说；（政府政策的）正式声明
参考例句：
  • To modern eyes, such doctrines appear harsh, even cruel. 从现代的角度看，这样的教义显得苛刻，甚至残酷。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • His doctrines have seduced many into error. 他的学说把许多人诱入歧途。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
11 perplexed A3Rz0     
adj.不知所措的
参考例句：
  • The farmer felt the cow,went away,returned,sorely perplexed,always afraid of being cheated.那农民摸摸那头牛，走了又回来，犹豫不决，总怕上当受骗。
  • The child was perplexed by the intricate plot of the story.这孩子被那头绪纷繁的故事弄得迷惑不解。
12 controversy 6Z9y0     
n.争论，辩论，争吵
参考例句：
  • That is a fact beyond controversy.那是一个无可争论的事实。
  • We ran the risk of becoming the butt of every controversy.我们要冒使自己在所有的纷争中都成为众矢之的的风险。
13 adversary mxrzt     
adj.敌手，对手
参考例句：
  • He saw her as his main adversary within the company.他将她视为公司中主要的对手。
  • They will do anything to undermine their adversary's reputation.他们会不择手段地去损害对手的名誉。
14 authentically MOyyR     
ad.sincerely真诚地
参考例句：
  • Gina: And we should give him something 2 authentically Taiwanese. 吉娜：而且我们应该送他有纯正台湾味的东西。
  • A loser is one who fails to correspond authentically. 失败者则指那些未能做到诚实可靠的人。
15 creed uoxzL     
n.信条；信念，纲领
参考例句：
  • They offended against every article of his creed.他们触犯了他的每一条戒律。
  • Our creed has always been that business is business.我们的信条一直是公私分明。
16 contention oZ5yd     
n.争论，争辩，论战；论点，主张
参考例句：
  • The pay increase is the key point of contention. 加薪是争论的焦点。
  • The real bone of contention,as you know,is money.你知道，争论的真正焦点是钱的问题。
17 transcend qJbzC     
vt.超出，超越(理性等)的范围
参考例句：
  • We can't transcend the limitations of the ego.我们无法超越自我的局限性。
  • Everyone knows that the speed of airplanes transcend that of ships.人人都知道飞机的速度快于轮船的速度。
18 exegesis v77yi     
n.注释，解释
参考例句：
  • An allegorical exegesis of scripture supported these views.一个寓言圣经注释支持这些观点。
  • Within this context,Fraser is capable of exegesis that goes beyond the obvious.在这一背景下，弗雷泽能够作些富有新意的诠释。
19 canonical jnDyi     
n.权威的；典型的
参考例句：
  • These canonical forms have to existence except in our imagination.这些正规式并不存在，只是我们的想象。
  • This is a combinatorial problem in canonical form.这是组合论中的典型问题。
20 susceptible 4rrw7     
adj.过敏的，敏感的；易动感情的，易受感动的
参考例句：
  • Children are more susceptible than adults.孩子比成人易受感动。
  • We are all susceptible to advertising.我们都易受广告的影响。
21 ethical diIz4     
adj.伦理的，道德的，合乎道德的
参考例句：
  • It is necessary to get the youth to have a high ethical concept.必须使青年具有高度的道德观念。
  • It was a debate which aroused fervent ethical arguments.那是一场引发强烈的伦理道德争论的辩论。
22 ethically CtrzbD     
adv.在伦理上，道德上
参考例句：
  • Ethically , we have nothing to be ashamed about . 从伦理上说，我们没有什么好羞愧的。
  • Describe the appropriate action to take in an ethically ambiguous situation. 描述适当行为采取在一个道德地模棱两可的情况。
23 essentially nntxw     
adv.本质上，实质上，基本上
参考例句：
  • Really great men are essentially modest.真正的伟人大都很谦虚。
  • She is an essentially selfish person.她本质上是个自私自利的人。
24 standing 2hCzgo     
n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的
参考例句：
  • After the earthquake only a few houses were left standing.地震过后只有几幢房屋还立着。
  • They're standing out against any change in the law.他们坚决反对对法律做任何修改。
25 engenders b377f73dea8df557b6f4fba57541c7c8     
v.产生（某形势或状况），造成，引起( engender的第三人称单数 )
参考例句：
  • Sympathy often engenders love. 同情常常产生爱情。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
  • Some people believe poverty engenders crime. 有人认为贫困生罪恶。 来自辞典例句
26 paradoxes 650bef108036a497745288049ec223cf     
n.似非而是的隽语，看似矛盾而实际却可能正确的说法( paradox的名词复数 )；用于语言文学中的上述隽语；有矛盾特点的人[事物，情况]
参考例句：
  • Contradictions and paradoxes arose in increasing numbers. 矛盾和悖论越来越多。 来自辞典例句
  • As far as these paradoxes are concerned, the garden definitely a heterotopia. 就这些吊诡性而言，花园无疑地是个异质空间。 来自互联网
27 sterile orNyQ     
adj.不毛的，不孕的，无菌的，枯燥的，贫瘠的
参考例句：
  • This top fits over the bottle and keeps the teat sterile.这个盖子严实地盖在奶瓶上，保持奶嘴无菌。
  • The farmers turned the sterile land into high fields.农民们把不毛之地变成了高产田。
28 imputed b517c0c1d49a8e6817c4d0667060241e     
v.把（错误等）归咎于( impute的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句：
  • They imputed the accident to the driver's carelessness. 他们把这次车祸归咎于司机的疏忽。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
  • He imputed the failure of his marriage to his wife's shortcomings. 他把婚姻的失败归咎于妻子的缺点。 来自辞典例句
29 impute cyKyY     
v.归咎于
参考例句：
  • I impute his failure to laziness.我把他的失败归咎于他的懒惰。
  • It is grossly unfair to impute blame to the United Nations.把责任归咎于联合国极其不公。
30 briefly 9Styo     
adv.简单地，简短地
参考例句：
  • I want to touch briefly on another aspect of the problem.我想简单地谈一下这个问题的另一方面。
  • He was kidnapped and briefly detained by a terrorist group.他被一个恐怖组织绑架并短暂拘禁。
31 psychology U0Wze     
n.心理，心理学，心理状态
参考例句：
  • She has a background in child psychology.她受过儿童心理学的教育。
  • He studied philosophy and psychology at Cambridge.他在剑桥大学学习哲学和心理学。
32 logic j0HxI     
n.逻辑(学)；逻辑性
参考例句：
  • What sort of logic is that?这是什么逻辑？
  • I don't follow the logic of your argument.我不明白你的论点逻辑性何在。
33 manifesto P7wzt     
n.宣言，声明
参考例句：
  • I was involved in the preparation of Labour's manifesto.我参与了工党宣言的起草工作。
  • His manifesto promised measures to protect them.他在宣言里保证要为他们采取保护措施。
34 savage ECxzR     
adj.野蛮的；凶恶的，残暴的；n.未开化的人
参考例句：
  • The poor man received a savage beating from the thugs.那可怜的人遭到暴徒的痛打。
  • He has a savage temper.他脾气粗暴。
35 philosophical rN5xh     
adj.哲学家的，哲学上的，达观的
参考例句：
  • The teacher couldn't answer the philosophical problem.老师不能解答这个哲学问题。
  • She is very philosophical about her bad luck.她对自己的不幸看得很开。
36 evolutionary Ctqz7m     
adj.进化的；演化的，演变的；[生]进化论的
参考例句：
  • Life has its own evolutionary process.生命有其自身的进化过程。
  • These are fascinating questions to be resolved by the evolutionary studies of plants.这些十分吸引人的问题将在研究植物进化过程中得以解决。
37 applied Tz2zXA     
adj.应用的；v.应用，适用
参考例句：
  • She plans to take a course in applied linguistics.她打算学习应用语言学课程。
  • This cream is best applied to the face at night.这种乳霜最好晚上擦脸用。
38 entitative 0683c54f974d2c6fbad2fcdd5fda9e61     
实体的，本质的
参考例句：
39 perfectly 8Mzxb     
adv.完美地，无可非议地，彻底地
参考例句：
  • The witnesses were each perfectly certain of what they said.证人们个个对自己所说的话十分肯定。
  • Everything that we're doing is all perfectly above board.我们做的每件事情都是光明正大的。
40 entities 07214c6750d983a32e0a33da225c4efd     
实体对像； 实体，独立存在体，实际存在物( entity的名词复数 )
参考例句：
  • Our newspaper and our printing business form separate corporate entities. 我们的报纸和印刷业形成相对独立的企业实体。
  • The North American continent is made up of three great structural entities. 北美大陆是由三个构造单元组成的。
41 interval 85kxY     
n.间隔，间距；幕间休息，中场休息
参考例句：
  • The interval between the two trees measures 40 feet.这两棵树的间隔是40英尺。
  • There was a long interval before he anwsered the telephone.隔了好久他才回了电话。
42 cognitive Uqwz0     
adj.认知的，认识的，有感知的
参考例句：
  • As children grow older,their cognitive processes become sharper.孩子们越长越大，他们的认知过程变得更为敏锐。
  • The cognitive psychologist is like the tinker who wants to know how a clock works.认知心理学者倒很像一个需要通晓钟表如何运转的钟表修理匠。
43 coalescing b795440b9ade4378fef3486b241378bc     
v.联合，合并( coalesce的现在分词 )
参考例句：
  • A mental model begins coalescing in their minds. 一个意识模型开始结合到他们的脑子里。 来自互联网
  • On the basis of coalescing this kind of element can separate oil from compressed air. 采用凝聚原理，分离压缩空气中的油份。 来自互联网
44 conjectured c62e90c2992df1143af0d33094f0d580     
推测，猜测，猜想( conjecture的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句：
  • The old peasant conjectured that it would be an unusually cold winter. 那老汉推测冬天将会异常地寒冷。
  • The general conjectured that the enemy only had about five days' supply of food left. 将军推测敌人只剩下五天的粮食给养。
45 attain HvYzX     
vt.达到，获得，完成
参考例句：
  • I used the scientific method to attain this end. 我用科学的方法来达到这一目的。
  • His painstaking to attain his goal in life is praiseworthy. 他为实现人生目标所下的苦功是值得称赞的。
46 habitually 4rKzgk     
ad.习惯地，通常地
参考例句：
  • The pain of the disease caused him habitually to furrow his brow. 病痛使他习惯性地紧皱眉头。
  • Habitually obedient to John, I came up to his chair. 我已经习惯于服从约翰，我来到他的椅子跟前。
47 confluence PnbyL     
n.汇合，聚集
参考例句：
  • They built the city at the confluence of two rivers.他们建造了城市的汇合两条河流。
  • The whole DV movements actually was a confluence of several trends.整个当时的DV运动，实际上是几股潮流的同谋。
48 breach 2sgzw     
n.违反，不履行；破裂；vt.冲破，攻破
参考例句：
  • We won't have any breach of discipline.我们不允许任何破坏纪律的现象。
  • He was sued for breach of contract.他因不履行合同而被起诉。
49 muster i6czT     
v.集合，收集，鼓起，激起；n.集合，检阅，集合人员，点名册
参考例句：
  • Go and muster all the men you can find.去集合所有你能找到的人。
  • I had to muster my courage up to ask him that question.我必须鼓起勇气向他问那个问题。
50 fabric 3hezG     
n.织物，织品，布；构造，结构，组织
参考例句：
  • The fabric will spot easily.这种织品很容易玷污。
  • I don't like the pattern on the fabric.我不喜欢那块布料上的图案。
51 constituent bpxzK     
n.选民；成分，组分；adj.组成的，构成的
参考例句：
  • Sugar is the main constituent of candy.食糖是糖果的主要成分。
  • Fibre is a natural constituent of a healthy diet.纤维是健康饮食的天然组成部分。
52 superseded 382fa69b4a5ff1a290d502df1ee98010     
[医]被代替的，废弃的
参考例句：
  • The theory has been superseded by more recent research. 这一理论已为新近的研究所取代。
  • The use of machinery has superseded manual labour. 机器的使用已经取代了手工劳动。
53 harmoniously 6d3506f359ad591f490ad1ca8a719241     
和谐地，调和地
参考例句：
  • The president and Stevenson had worked harmoniously over the last eighteen months. 在过去一年半里，总统和史蒂文森一起工作是融洽的。
  • China and India cannot really deal with each other harmoniously. 中国和印度这两只猛兽不可能真心实意地和谐相处。
54 endorse rpxxK     
vt.(支票、汇票等)背书，背署；批注；同意
参考例句：
  • No one is foolish enough to endorse it.没有哪个人会傻得赞成它。
  • I fully endorse your opinions on this subject.我完全拥护你对此课题的主张。

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