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Appendix Scepticism of the Instrument
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A Portion of a Paper read to the Oxford1 Philosophical2 Society, November 8, 1903, and reprinted, with some Revision, from the Version given in Mind, vol. xiii. (N.S.), No. 51.
(See also Chapter I., Section 6, and Chapter X., Sections 1 and 2.)
It seems to me that I may most propitiously3 attempt to interest you this evening by describing very briefly4 the particular metaphysical and philosophical system in which I do my thinking, and more particularly by setting out for your consideration one or two points in which I seem to myself to differ most widely from current accepted philosophy.
You must be prepared for things that will strike you as crude, for a certain difference of accent and dialect that you may not like, and you must be prepared too to hear what may strike you as the clumsy statement of my ignorant rediscovery of things already beautifully thought out and said. But in the end you may incline to forgive me some of this first offence. . . . It is quite unavoidable that, in setting out these intellectual foundations of mine, I should lapse5 for a moment or so towards autobiography6.
A convergence of circumstances led to my having my knowledge of concrete things quite extensively developed before I came to philosophical examination at all. I have heard someone say that a savage7 or an animal is mentally a purely8 objective being, and in that respect I was like a savage or an animal until I was well over twenty. I was extremely unaware9 of the subjective10 or introverted element in my being. I was a Positivist without knowing it. My early education was a feeble one; it was one in which my private observation,
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1
Oxford
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n.牛津(英国城市) | |
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philosophical
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adj.哲学家的,哲学上的,达观的 | |
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propitiously
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briefly
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adv.简单地,简短地 | |
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lapse
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n.过失,流逝,失效,抛弃信仰,间隔;vi.堕落,停止,失效,流逝;vt.使失效 | |
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6
autobiography
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n.自传 | |
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7
savage
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adj.野蛮的;凶恶的,残暴的;n.未开化的人 | |
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purely
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adv.纯粹地,完全地 | |
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unaware
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a.不知道的,未意识到的 | |
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subjective
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a.主观(上)的,个人的 | |
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inquiry
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n.打听,询问,调查,查问 | |
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logic
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n.逻辑(学);逻辑性 | |
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speculative
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adj.思索性的,暝想性的,推理的 | |
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deliberately
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adv.审慎地;蓄意地;故意地 | |
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illuminating
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a.富于启发性的,有助阐明的 | |
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anatomy
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n.解剖学,解剖;功能,结构,组织 | |
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nucleus
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n.核,核心,原子核 | |
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spacious
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adj.广阔的,宽敞的 | |
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incurably
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ad.治不好地 | |
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slit
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n.狭长的切口;裂缝;vt.切开,撕裂 | |
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reptile
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n.爬行动物;两栖动物 | |
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jaw
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n.颚,颌,说教,流言蜚语;v.喋喋不休,教训 | |
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eke
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v.勉强度日,节约使用 | |
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extraordinarily
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adv.格外地;极端地 | |
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gestation
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n.怀孕;酝酿 | |
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dissection
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n.分析;解剖 | |
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astronomical
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adj.天文学的,(数字)极大的 | |
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elucidation
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n.说明,阐明 | |
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psychology
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n.心理,心理学,心理状态 | |
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bracing
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adj.令人振奋的 | |
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marrow
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n.骨髓;精华;活力 | |
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elimination
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n.排除,消除,消灭 | |
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disposition
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n.性情,性格;意向,倾向;排列,部署 | |
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apparatus
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n.装置,器械;器具,设备 | |
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variance
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n.矛盾,不同 | |
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pervades
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v.遍及,弥漫( pervade的第三人称单数 ) | |
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remarkably
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ad.不同寻常地,相当地 | |
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oversights
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n.疏忽( oversight的名词复数 );忽略;失察;负责 | |
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antagonism
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n.对抗,敌对,对立 | |
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underlying
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adj.在下面的,含蓄的,潜在的 | |
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essentially
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adv.本质上,实质上,基本上 | |
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hesitation
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n.犹豫,踌躇 | |
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implement
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n.(pl.)工具,器具;vt.实行,实施,执行 | |
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vice
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n.坏事;恶习;[pl.]台钳,老虎钳;adj.副的 | |
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penetrations
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渗透( penetration的名词复数 ); 穿透; 突破; (男人阴茎的)插入 | |
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arrogant
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adj.傲慢的,自大的 | |
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peculiarities
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n. 特质, 特性, 怪癖, 古怪 | |
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derive
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v.取得;导出;引申;来自;源自;出自 | |
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permeated
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弥漫( permeate的过去式和过去分词 ); 遍布; 渗入; 渗透 | |
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inaccessible
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adj.达不到的,难接近的 | |
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distinguished
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adj.卓越的,杰出的,著名的 | |
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specimens
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n.样品( specimen的名词复数 );范例;(化验的)抽样;某种类型的人 | |
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crimson
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n./adj.深(绯)红色(的);vi.脸变绯红色 | |
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mere
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adj.纯粹的;仅仅,只不过 | |
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vaguely
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adv.含糊地,暖昧地 | |
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miraculous
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adj.像奇迹一样的,不可思议的 | |
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cumber
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v.拖累,妨碍;n.妨害;拖累 | |
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straightforward
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adj.正直的,坦率的;易懂的,简单的 | |
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unlimited
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adj.无限的,不受控制的,无条件的 | |
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delude
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vt.欺骗;哄骗 | |
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distinctive
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adj.特别的,有特色的,与众不同的 | |
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physiological
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adj.生理学的,生理学上的 | |
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modification
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n.修改,改进,缓和,减轻 | |
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aberration
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n.离开正路,脱离常规,色差 | |
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simplicity
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n.简单,简易;朴素;直率,单纯 | |
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syllogism
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n.演绎法,三段论法 | |
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valid
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adj.有确实根据的;有效的;正当的,合法的 | |
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insolence
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n.傲慢;无礼;厚颜;傲慢的态度 | |
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obsessed
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adj.心神不宁的,鬼迷心窍的,沉迷的 | |
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interpretation
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n.解释,说明,描述;艺术处理 | |
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relentless
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adj.残酷的,不留情的,无怜悯心的 | |
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inquiries
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n.调查( inquiry的名词复数 );疑问;探究;打听 | |
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defective
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adj.有毛病的,有问题的,有瑕疵的 | |
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cartridges
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子弹( cartridge的名词复数 ); (打印机的)墨盒; 录音带盒; (唱机的)唱头 | |
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sanity
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n.心智健全,神智正常,判断正确 | |
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superstitions
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迷信,迷信行为( superstition的名词复数 ) | |
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muddle
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n.困惑,混浊状态;vt.使混乱,使糊涂,使惊呆;vi.胡乱应付,混乱 | |
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beset
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v.镶嵌;困扰,包围 | |
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incurable
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adj.不能医治的,不能矫正的,无救的;n.不治的病人,无救的人 | |
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alluring
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adj.吸引人的,迷人的 | |
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guise
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n.外表,伪装的姿态 | |
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omniscience
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n.全知,全知者,上帝 | |
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thither
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adv.向那里;adj.在那边的,对岸的 | |
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merge
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v.(使)结合,(使)合并,(使)合为一体 | |
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logician
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n.逻辑学家 | |
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elusive
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adj.难以表达(捉摸)的;令人困惑的;逃避的 | |
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countless
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adj.无数的,多得不计其数的 | |
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apparently
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adv.显然地;表面上,似乎 | |
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omniscient
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adj.无所不知的;博识的 | |
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delusive
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adj.欺骗的,妄想的 | |
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omnipotent
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adj.全能的,万能的 | |
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intensify
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vt.加强;变强;加剧 | |
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secondly
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adv.第二,其次 | |
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analytical
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adj.分析的;用分析法的 | |
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conversant
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adj.亲近的,有交情的,熟悉的 | |
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killing
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n.巨额利润;突然赚大钱,发大财 | |
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molecules
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分子( molecule的名词复数 ) | |
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molecular
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adj.分子的;克分子的 | |
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physicist
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n.物理学家,研究物理学的人 | |
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descends
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v.下来( descend的第三人称单数 );下去;下降;下斜 | |
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vibration
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n.颤动,振动;摆动 | |
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obliquely
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adv.斜; 倾斜; 间接; 不光明正大 | |
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contortion
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n.扭弯,扭歪,曲解 | |
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incompatible
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adj.不相容的,不协调的,不相配的 | |
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dealing
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n.经商方法,待人态度 | |
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overlapping
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adj./n.交迭(的) | |
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bias
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n.偏见,偏心,偏袒;vt.使有偏见 | |
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deadlock
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n.僵局,僵持 | |
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deadlocking
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停顿(deadlock的现在分词形式) | |
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penetrating
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adj.(声音)响亮的,尖锐的adj.(气味)刺激的adj.(思想)敏锐的,有洞察力的 | |
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inevitable
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adj.不可避免的,必然发生的 | |
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rigid
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adj.严格的,死板的;刚硬的,僵硬的 | |
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contention
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n.争论,争辩,论战;论点,主张 | |
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vein
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n.血管,静脉;叶脉,纹理;情绪;vt.使成脉络 | |
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reconciliation
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n.和解,和谐,一致 | |
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projection
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n.发射,计划,突出部分 | |
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insistence
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n.坚持;强调;坚决主张 | |
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ethical
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adj.伦理的,道德的,合乎道德的 | |
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imperatives
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n.必要的事( imperative的名词复数 );祈使语气;必须履行的责任 | |
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imperative
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n.命令,需要;规则;祈使语气;adj.强制的;紧急的 | |
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proceedings
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n.进程,过程,议程;诉讼(程序);公报 | |
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primordial
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adj.原始的;最初的 | |
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aggression
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n.进攻,侵略,侵犯,侵害 | |
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persuasively
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adv.口才好地;令人信服地 | |
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contradictory
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adj.反驳的,反对的,抗辩的;n.正反对,矛盾对立 | |
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organisation
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n.组织,安排,团体,有机休 | |
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synthetic
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adj.合成的,人工的;综合的;n.人工制品 | |
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inorganic
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adj.无生物的;无机的 | |
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repudiation
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n.拒绝;否认;断绝关系;抛弃 | |
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demonstration
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n.表明,示范,论证,示威 | |
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immediate
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adj.立即的;直接的,最接近的;紧靠的 | |
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estrangement
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n.疏远,失和,不和 | |
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innate
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adj.天生的,固有的,天赋的 | |
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salvation
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n.(尤指基督)救世,超度,拯救,解困 | |
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frankly
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adv.坦白地,直率地;坦率地说 | |
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heartily
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adv.衷心地,诚恳地,十分,很 | |
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sketch
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n.草图;梗概;素描;v.素描;概述 | |
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crudity
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n.粗糙,生硬;adj.粗略的 | |
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systematic
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adj.有系统的,有计划的,有方法的 | |
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