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Introduction
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Many of us have first found our way into the Realm of Romance, properly so called, through the pages of a little crimson1 clad volume of the Bibliotheque Elzevirienne. 1 Its last pages contain the charming Cante-Fable of Aucassin et Nicolete, which Mr. Walter Pater’s praises and Mr. Andrew Lang’s brilliant version have made familiar to all lovers of letters. But the same volume contains four other tales, equally charming in their way, which Mr. William Morris has now made part of English literature by writing them out again for us in English, reproducing, as his alone can do of living men’s, the tone, the colour, the charm of the Middle Ages. His versions have appeared in three successive issues of the Kelmscott Press, which have been eagerly snapped up by the lovers of good books. It seemed a pity that these cameos of romance should suffer the same fate as Mr. Lang’s version of Aucassin et Nicolete, which has been swept off the face of the earth by the Charge of the Six Hundred, who were lucky enough to obtain copies of the only edition of that little masterpiece of translation. Mr. Morris has, therefore, consented to allow his versions of the Romances to be combined into one volume in a form not unworthy of their excellence3 but more accessible to those lovers of books whose purses have a habit of varying in inverse4 proportion to the amount of their love. He has honoured me by asking me to introduce them to that wider public to which they now make their appeal.
1 Nouvelles francaises en prose du xiii ieme siecle, par2 MM. L. Moland et C. D’Hericault. (Paris: Janet, 1856.)
I.
Almost all literary roads lead back to Greece. Obscure as still remains5 the origin of that genre6 of romance to which the tales before us belong, there is little doubt that their models, if not their originals, were once extant at Constantinople. Though in no single instance has the Greek original been discovered of any of these romances, the mere7 name of their heroes would be in most cases sufficient to prove their Hellenic or Byzantine origin. Heracles, Athis, Porphirias, Parthenopeus, Hippomedon, Protesilaus, Cliges, Cleomades, Clarus, Berinus — names such as these can come but from one quarter of Europe, and it is as easy to guess how and when they came as whence. The first two crusades brought the flower of European
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crimson
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| n./adj.深(绯)红色(的);vi.脸变绯红色 | |
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par
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| n.标准,票面价值,平均数量;adj.票面的,平常的,标准的 | |
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excellence
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| n.优秀,杰出,(pl.)优点,美德 | |
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inverse
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| adj.相反的,倒转的,反转的;n.相反之物;v.倒转 | |
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remains
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| n.剩余物,残留物;遗体,遗迹 | |
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genre
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| n.(文学、艺术等的)类型,体裁,风格 | |
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mere
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| adj.纯粹的;仅仅,只不过 | |
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chivalry
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| n.骑士气概,侠义;(男人)对女人彬彬有礼,献殷勤 | |
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schism
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| n.分派,派系,分裂 | |
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culminated
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| v.达到极点( culminate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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rev
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| v.发动机旋转,加快速度 | |
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garb
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| n.服装,装束 | |
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spoke
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| n.(车轮的)辐条;轮辐;破坏某人的计划;阻挠某人的行动 v.讲,谈(speak的过去式);说;演说;从某种观点来说 | |
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illustrates
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| 给…加插图( illustrate的第三人称单数 ); 说明; 表明; (用示例、图画等)说明 | |
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etymology
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| n.语源;字源学 | |
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remarkable
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| adj.显著的,异常的,非凡的,值得注意的 | |
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predecessor
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| n.前辈,前任 | |
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fables
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| n.寓言( fable的名词复数 );神话,传说 | |
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solace
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| n.安慰;v.使快乐;vt.安慰(物),缓和 | |
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sufficiently
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| adv.足够地,充分地 | |
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curiously
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| adv.有求知欲地;好问地;奇特地 | |
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folklore
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| n.民间信仰,民间传说,民俗 | |
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knight
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| n.骑士,武士;爵士 | |
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consultation
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| n.咨询;商量;商议;会议 | |
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destined
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| adj.命中注定的;(for)以…为目的地的 | |
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baron
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| n.男爵;(商业界等)巨头,大王 | |
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immediate
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| adj.立即的;直接的,最接近的;紧靠的 | |
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ballad
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| n.歌谣,民谣,流行爱情歌曲 | |
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evade
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| vt.逃避,回避;避开,躲避 | |
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persecution
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| n. 迫害,烦扰 | |
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ERECTED
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| adj. 直立的,竖立的,笔直的 vt. 使 ... 直立,建立 | |
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dame
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| n.女士 | |
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blazoned
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| v.广布( blazon的过去式和过去分词 );宣布;夸示;装饰 | |
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blazon
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| n.纹章,装饰;精确描绘;v.广布;宣布 | |
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heralds
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| n.使者( herald的名词复数 );预报者;预兆;传令官v.预示( herald的第三人称单数 );宣布(好或重要) | |
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impaling
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| 钉在尖桩上( impale的现在分词 ) | |
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wavy
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| adj.有波浪的,多浪的,波浪状的,波动的,不稳定的 | |
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impalement
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| 刺穿,刺刑,围住 | |
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variant
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| adj.不同的,变异的;n.变体,异体 | |
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indirectly
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| adv.间接地,不直接了当地 | |
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tempted
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| v.怂恿(某人)干不正当的事;冒…的险(tempt的过去分词) | |
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appreciable
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| adj.明显的,可见的,可估量的,可觉察的 | |
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pointed
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| adj.尖的,直截了当的 | |
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illuminated
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| adj.被照明的;受启迪的 | |
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provenance
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| n.出处;起源 | |
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thereby
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| adv.因此,从而 | |
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Christian
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| adj.基督教徒的;n.基督教徒 | |
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poetical
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| adj.似诗人的;诗一般的;韵文的;富有诗意的 | |
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investigator
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| n.研究者,调查者,审查者 | |
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derived
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| vi.起源;由来;衍生;导出v.得到( derive的过去式和过去分词 );(从…中)得到获得;源于;(从…中)提取 | |
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ingenuity
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| n.别出心裁;善于发明创造 | |
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enumerates
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| v.列举,枚举,数( enumerate的第三人称单数 ) | |
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martyrs
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| n.martyr的复数形式;烈士( martyr的名词复数 );殉道者;殉教者;乞怜者(向人诉苦以博取同情) | |
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affiliated
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| adj. 附属的, 有关连的 | |
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epic
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| n.史诗,叙事诗;adj.史诗般的,壮丽的 | |
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conjecture
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| n./v.推测,猜测 | |
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pundits
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| n.某一学科的权威,专家( pundit的名词复数 ) | |
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antiquity
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| n.古老;高龄;古物,古迹 | |
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passionate
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| adj.热情的,热烈的,激昂的,易动情的,易怒的,性情暴躁的 | |
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symbolic
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| adj.象征性的,符号的,象征主义的 | |
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literally
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| adv.照字面意义,逐字地;确实 | |
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dread
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| vt.担忧,忧虑;惧怕,不敢;n.担忧,畏惧 | |
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deterred
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| v.阻止,制止( deter的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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dreaded
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| adj.令人畏惧的;害怕的v.害怕,恐惧,担心( dread的过去式和过去分词) | |
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rattle
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| v.飞奔,碰响;激怒;n.碰撞声;拨浪鼓 | |
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dependence
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| n.依靠,依赖;信任,信赖;隶属 | |
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vice
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| n.坏事;恶习;[pl.]台钳,老虎钳;adj.副的 | |
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resuscitation
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| n.复活 | |
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tellers
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| n.(银行)出纳员( teller的名词复数 );(投票时的)计票员;讲故事等的人;讲述者 | |
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proceedings
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| n.进程,过程,议程;诉讼(程序);公报 | |
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applied
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| adj.应用的;v.应用,适用 | |
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modification
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| n.修改,改进,缓和,减轻 | |
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considerably
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| adv.极大地;相当大地;在很大程度上 | |
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attenuated
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| v.(使)变细( attenuate的过去式和过去分词 );(使)变薄;(使)变小;减弱 | |
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emanates
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| v.从…处传出,传出( emanate的第三人称单数 );产生,表现,显示 | |
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sagas
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| n.萨迦(尤指古代挪威或冰岛讲述冒险经历和英雄业绩的长篇故事)( saga的名词复数 );(讲述许多年间发生的事情的)长篇故事;一连串的事件(或经历);一连串经历的讲述(或记述) | |
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treatise
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| n.专著;(专题)论文 | |
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gem
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| n.宝石,珠宝;受爱戴的人 [同]jewel | |
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virtue
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| n.德行,美德;贞操;优点;功效,效力 | |
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derives
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| v.得到( derive的第三人称单数 );(从…中)得到获得;源于;(从…中)提取 | |
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motive
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| n.动机,目的;adv.发动的,运动的 | |
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purely
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| adv.纯粹地,完全地 | |
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ascend
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| vi.渐渐上升,升高;vt.攀登,登上 | |
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Moslem
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| n.回教徒,穆罕默德信徒;adj.回教徒的,回教的 | |
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cardinal
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| n.(天主教的)红衣主教;adj.首要的,基本的 | |
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democrats
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| n.民主主义者,民主人士( democrat的名词复数 ) | |
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adventurous
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| adj.爱冒险的;惊心动魄的,惊险的,刺激的 | |
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wondrous
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| adj.令人惊奇的,奇妙的;adv.惊人地;异乎寻常地;令人惊叹地 | |
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forth
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| adv.向前;向外,往外 | |
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renaissance
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| n.复活,复兴,文艺复兴 | |
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peculiar
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| adj.古怪的,异常的;特殊的,特有的 | |
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piety
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| n.虔诚,虔敬 | |
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immutability
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| n.不变(性) | |
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frankly
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| adv.坦白地,直率地;坦率地说 | |
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fully
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| adv.完全地,全部地,彻底地;充分地 | |
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reverence
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| n.敬畏,尊敬,尊严;Reverence:对某些基督教神职人员的尊称;v.尊敬,敬畏,崇敬 | |
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sublime
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| adj.崇高的,伟大的;极度的,不顾后果的 | |
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tapestry
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| n.挂毯,丰富多采的画面 | |
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fabric
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| n.织物,织品,布;构造,结构,组织 | |
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