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Book V.
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I was going to enumerate1 the four forms of vice2 or decline in states, when Polemarchus — he was sitting a little farther from me than Adeimantus — taking him by the coat and leaning towards him, said something in an undertone, of which I only caught the words, ‘Shall we let him off?’ ‘Certainly not,’ said Adeimantus, raising his voice. Whom, I said, are you not going to let off? ‘You,’ he said. Why? ‘Because we think that you are not dealing3 fairly with us in omitting women and children, of whom you have slily disposed under the general formula that friends have all things in common.’ And was I not right? ‘Yes,’ he replied, ‘but there are many sorts of communism or community, and we want to know which of them is right. The company, as you have just heard, are resolved to have a further explanation.’ Thrasymachus said, ‘Do you think that we have come hither to dig for gold, or to hear you discourse5?’ Yes, I said; but the discourse should be of a reasonable length. Glaucon added, ‘Yes, Socrates, and there is reason in spending the whole of life in such discussions; but pray, without more ado, tell us how this community is to be carried out, and how the interval6 between birth and education is to be filled up.’ Well, I said, the subject has several difficulties — What is possible? is the first question. What is desirable? is the second. ‘Fear not,’ he replied, ‘for you are speaking among friends.’ That, I replied, is a sorry consolation7; I shall destroy my friends as well as myself. Not that I mind a little innocent laughter; but he who kills the truth is a murderer. ‘Then,’ said Glaucon, laughing, ‘in case you should murder us we will acquit8 you beforehand, and you shall be held free from the guilt9
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1
enumerate
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| v.列举,计算,枚举,数 | |
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vice
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| n.坏事;恶习;[pl.]台钳,老虎钳;adj.副的 | |
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dealing
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| n.经商方法,待人态度 | |
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unity
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| n.团结,联合,统一;和睦,协调 | |
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discourse
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| n.论文,演说;谈话;话语;vi.讲述,著述 | |
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interval
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| n.间隔,间距;幕间休息,中场休息 | |
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consolation
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| n.安慰,慰问 | |
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acquit
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| vt.宣判无罪;(oneself)使(自己)表现出 | |
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guilt
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| n.犯罪;内疚;过失,罪责 | |
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guardians
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| 监护人( guardian的名词复数 ); 保护者,维护者 | |
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guardian
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| n.监护人;守卫者,保护者 | |
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gender
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| n.(生理上的)性,(名词、代词等的)性 | |
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agility
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| n.敏捷,活泼 | |
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concealment
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| n.隐藏, 掩盖,隐瞒 | |
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ridicule
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| v.讥讽,挖苦;n.嘲弄 | |
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partially
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| adv.部分地,从某些方面讲 | |
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nay
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| adv.不;n.反对票,投反对票者 | |
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unwilling
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| adj.不情愿的 | |
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opposition
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| n.反对,敌对 | |
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purely
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| adv.纯粹地,完全地 | |
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nominal
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| adj.名义上的;(金额、租金)微不足道的 | |
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err
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| vi.犯错误,出差错 | |
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beget
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| v.引起;产生 | |
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scattered
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| adj.分散的,稀疏的;散步的;疏疏落落的 | |
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peculiar
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| adj.古怪的,异常的;特殊的,特有的 | |
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aptitude
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| n.(学习方面的)才能,资质,天资 | |
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unnatural
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| adj.不自然的;反常的 | |
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advantageous
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| adj.有利的;有帮助的 | |
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toils
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| 网 | |
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expedient
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| adj.有用的,有利的;n.紧急的办法,权宜之计 | |
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expediency
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| n.适宜;方便;合算;利己 | |
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stratagem
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| n.诡计,计谋 | |
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solitary
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| adj.孤独的,独立的,荒凉的;n.隐士 | |
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licentiousness
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| n.放肆,无法无天 | |
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determined
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| adj.坚定的;有决心的 | |
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skilful
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| (=skillful)adj.灵巧的,熟练的 | |
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celebrated
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| adj.有名的,声誉卓著的 | |
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fixed
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| adj.固定的,不变的,准备好的;(计算机)固定的 | |
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contrive
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| vt.谋划,策划;设法做到;设计,想出 | |
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impiety
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| n.不敬;不孝 | |
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specified
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| adj.特定的 | |
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procured
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| v.(努力)取得, (设法)获得( procure的过去式和过去分词 );拉皮条 | |
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affinity
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| n.亲和力,密切关系 | |
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espoused
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| v.(决定)支持,拥护(目标、主张等)( espouse的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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discord
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| n.不和,意见不合,争论,(音乐)不和谐 | |
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distraction
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| n.精神涣散,精神不集中,消遣,娱乐 | |
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affected
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| adj.不自然的,假装的 | |
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saviours
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| n.救助者( saviour的名词复数 );救星;救世主;耶稣基督 | |
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49
infancy
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| n.婴儿期;幼年期;初期 | |
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mere
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| adj.纯粹的;仅仅,只不过 | |
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51
strife
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| n.争吵,冲突,倾轧,竞争 | |
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52
contention
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| n.争论,争辩,论战;论点,主张 | |
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53
lawsuits
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| n.诉讼( lawsuit的名词复数 ) | |
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disturbances
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| n.骚乱( disturbance的名词复数 );打扰;困扰;障碍 | |
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55
reverence
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| n.敬畏,尊敬,尊严;Reverence:对某些基督教神职人员的尊称;v.尊敬,敬畏,崇敬 | |
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56
retaliate
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| v.报复,反击 | |
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57
lesser
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| adj.次要的,较小的;adv.较小地,较少地 | |
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sordid
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| adj.肮脏的,不干净的,卑鄙的,暗淡的 | |
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59
blessings
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| n.(上帝的)祝福( blessing的名词复数 );好事;福分;因祸得福 | |
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60
honourable
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| adj.可敬的;荣誉的,光荣的 | |
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conceited
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| adj.自负的,骄傲自满的 | |
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incentive
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| n.刺激;动力;鼓励;诱因;动机 | |
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warriors
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| 武士,勇士,战士( warrior的名词复数 ) | |
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incurring
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| 遭受,招致,引起( incur的现在分词 ) | |
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tractable
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| adj.易驾驭的;温顺的 | |
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secondly
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| adv.第二,其次 | |
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67
oracle
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| n.神谕,神谕处,预言 | |
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benefactors
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| n.捐助者,施主( benefactor的名词复数 );恩人 | |
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69
yoke
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| n.轭;支配;v.给...上轭,连接,使成配偶 | |
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barbarians
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| n.野蛮人( barbarian的名词复数 );外国人;粗野的人;无教养的人 | |
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despoiled
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| v.掠夺,抢劫( despoil的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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72
skulking
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| v.潜伏,偷偷摸摸地走动,鬼鬼祟祟地活动( skulk的现在分词 ) | |
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73
malice
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| n.恶意,怨恨,蓄意;[律]预谋 | |
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devastation
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| n.毁坏;荒废;极度震惊或悲伤 | |
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prosecuted
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| a.被起诉的 | |
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76
reconciliation
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| n.和解,和谐,一致 | |
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utterly
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| adv.完全地,绝对地 | |
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ascertain
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| vt.发现,确定,查明,弄清 | |
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crest
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| n.顶点;饰章;羽冠;vt.达到顶点;vi.形成浪尖 | |
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80
whit
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| n.一点,丝毫 | |
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81
perfectly
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| adv.完美地,无可非议地,彻底地 | |
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82
fully
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| adv.完全地,全部地,彻底地;充分地 | |
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83
attachments
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| n.(用电子邮件发送的)附件( attachment的名词复数 );附着;连接;附属物 | |
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84
blemishes
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| n.(身体的)瘢点( blemish的名词复数 );伤疤;瑕疵;污点 | |
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85
beak
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| n.鸟嘴,茶壶嘴,钩形鼻 | |
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86
manly
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| adj.有男子气概的;adv.男子般地,果断地 | |
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87
endearment
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| n.表示亲爱的行为 | |
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88
attain
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| vt.达到,获得,完成 | |
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89
pacify
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| vt.使(某人)平静(或息怒);抚慰 | |
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90
disorder
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| n.紊乱,混乱;骚动,骚乱;疾病,失调 | |
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91
faculties
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| n.能力( faculty的名词复数 );全体教职员;技巧;院 | |
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92
erring
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| 做错事的,错误的 | |
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93
mightiest
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| adj.趾高气扬( mighty的最高级 );巨大的;强有力的;浩瀚的 | |
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contingent
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| adj.视条件而定的;n.一组,代表团,分遣队 | |
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pious
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| adj.虔诚的;道貌岸然的 | |
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96
riddle
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| n.谜,谜语,粗筛;vt.解谜,给…出谜,筛,检查,鉴定,非难,充满于;vi.出谜 | |
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97
immutable
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| adj.不可改变的,永恒的 | |
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98
grovels
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| v.卑躬屈节,奴颜婢膝( grovel的第三人称单数 );趴 | |
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briefly
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| adv.简单地,简短地 | |
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100
hesitation
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| n.犹豫,踌躇 | |
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101
sublime
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| adj.崇高的,伟大的;极度的,不顾后果的 | |
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102
noted
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| adj.著名的,知名的 | |
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103
affinities
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| n.密切关系( affinity的名词复数 );亲近;(生性)喜爱;类同 | |
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104
delineation
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| n.记述;描写 | |
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105
derived
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| vi.起源;由来;衍生;导出v.得到( derive的过去式和过去分词 );(从…中)得到获得;源于;(从…中)提取 | |
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106
apprehension
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| n.理解,领悟;逮捕,拘捕;忧虑 | |
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107
facetious
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| adj.轻浮的,好开玩笑的 | |
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108
remains
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| n.剩余物,残留物;遗体,遗迹 | |
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109
ethics
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| n.伦理学;伦理观,道德标准 | |
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110
simplicity
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| n.简单,简易;朴素;直率,单纯 | |
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111
apparition
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| n.幽灵,神奇的现象 | |
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112
entirely
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| ad.全部地,完整地;完全地,彻底地 | |
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113
ambiguity
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| n.模棱两可;意义不明确 | |
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114
chaos
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| n.混乱,无秩序 | |
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Book IV.
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Book VI.
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