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Book V
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On Matrimony and Philosophy
(SOCRATES, GLAUCON, ADEIMANTUS.)
SUCH is the good and true City or State, and the good and true man is of the same pattern; and if this is right every other is wrong; and the evil is one which affects not only the ordering of the State, but also the regulation of the individual soul, and is exhibited in four forms.
What are they? he said.
I was proceeding1 to tell the order in which the four evil forms appeared to me to succeed one another, when Polemarchus, who was sitting a little way off, just beyond Adeimantus, began to whisper to him: stretching forth2 his hand, he took hold of the upper part of his coat by the shoulder, and drew him toward him, leaning forward himself so as to be quite close and saying something in his ear, of which I only caught the words, "Shall we let him off, or what shall we do?"
Certainly not, said Adeimantus, raising his voice.
Who is it, I said, whom you are refusing to let off?
You, he said.
I repeated, Why am I especially not to be let off?
Why, he said, we think that you are lazy, and mean to cheat us out of a whole chapter which is a very important part of the story; and you fancy that we shall not notice your airy way of proceeding; as if it were self-evident to everybody, that in the matter of women and children "friends have all things in common."
And was I not right, Adeimantus?
Yes, he said; but what is right in this particular case, like everything else, requires to be explained; for community may be of many kinds. Please, therefore, to say what sort of community you mean. We have been long expecting that you would tell us something about the family life of your citizens — how they will bring children into the world, and rear them when they have arrived, and, in general, what is the nature of this community of women and children — for we are of opinion that the right or wrong management of such matters will have a great and paramount5 influence on the State for good or for evil. And now, since the question is still undetermined, and you are taking in hand another State, we have resolved, as you heard, not to let you go until you give an account of all this.
To that resolution, said Glaucon, you may regard me as saying: Agreed.
And without more ado, said Thrasymachus, you may consider us all to be equally agreed.
I said, You know not what you are doing in thus
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1
proceeding
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| n.行动,进行,(pl.)会议录,学报 | |
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forth
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| adv.向前;向外,往外 | |
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specially
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| adv.特定地;特殊地;明确地 | |
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unity
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| n.团结,联合,统一;和睦,协调 | |
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paramount
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| a.最重要的,最高权力的 | |
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determined
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| adj.坚定的;有决心的 | |
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assailing
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| v.攻击( assail的现在分词 );困扰;质问;毅然应对 | |
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gathering
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| n.集会,聚会,聚集 | |
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discourse
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| n.论文,演说;谈话;话语;vi.讲述,著述 | |
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discourses
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| 论文( discourse的名词复数 ); 演说; 讲道; 话语 | |
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guardian
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| n.监护人;守卫者,保护者 | |
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guardians
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| 监护人( guardian的名词复数 ); 保护者,维护者 | |
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reluctance
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| n.厌恶,讨厌,勉强,不情愿 | |
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aspiration
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| n.志向,志趣抱负;渴望;(语)送气音;吸出 | |
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faltering
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| 犹豫的,支吾的,蹒跚的 | |
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nemesis
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| n.给以报应者,复仇者,难以对付的敌手 | |
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acquitted
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| 宣判…无罪( acquit的过去式和过去分词 ); 使(自己)作出某种表现 | |
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guilt
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| n.犯罪;内疚;过失,罪责 | |
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retrace
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| v.折回;追溯,探源 | |
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herd
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| n.兽群,牧群;vt.使集中,把…赶在一起 | |
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labor
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| n.劳动,努力,工作,劳工;分娩;vi.劳动,努力,苦干;vt.详细分析;麻烦 | |
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nurture
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| n.养育,照顾,教育;滋养,营养品;vt.养育,给与营养物,教养,扶持 | |
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attain
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| vt.达到,获得,完成 | |
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attainments
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| 成就,造诣; 获得( attainment的名词复数 ); 达到; 造诣; 成就 | |
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attainment
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| n.达到,到达;[常pl.]成就,造诣 | |
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barbarians
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| n.野蛮人( barbarian的名词复数 );外国人;粗野的人;无教养的人 | |
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improper
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| adj.不适当的,不合适的,不正确的,不合礼仪的 | |
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ridicule
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| v.讥讽,挖苦;n.嘲弄 | |
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ridiculed
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| v.嘲笑,嘲弄,奚落( ridicule的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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shafts
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| n.轴( shaft的名词复数 );(箭、高尔夫球棒等的)杆;通风井;一阵(疼痛、害怕等) | |
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folly
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| n.愚笨,愚蠢,蠢事,蠢行,傻话 | |
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vice
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| n.坏事;恶习;[pl.]台钳,老虎钳;adj.副的 | |
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partially
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| adv.部分地,从某些方面讲 | |
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inquiry
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| n.打听,询问,调查,查问 | |
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adversary
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| adj.敌手,对手 | |
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consistency
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| n.一贯性,前后一致,稳定性;(液体的)浓度 | |
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entirely
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| ad.全部地,完整地;完全地,彻底地 | |
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miraculous
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| adj.像奇迹一样的,不可思议的 | |
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precisely
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| adv.恰好,正好,精确地,细致地 | |
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mere
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| adj.纯粹的;仅仅,只不过 | |
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opposition
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| n.反对,敌对 | |
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contention
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| n.争论,争辩,论战;论点,主张 | |
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valiantly
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| adv.勇敢地,英勇地;雄赳赳 | |
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pugnaciously
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distinguished
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| adj.卓越的,杰出的,著名的 | |
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lust
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| n.性(淫)欲;渴(欲)望;vi.对…有强烈的欲望 | |
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affected
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| adj.不自然的,假装的 | |
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beget
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| v.引起;产生 | |
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begetting
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| v.为…之生父( beget的现在分词 );产生,引起 | |
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civic
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| adj.城市的,都市的,市民的,公民的 | |
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peculiar
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| adj.古怪的,异常的;特殊的,特有的 | |
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spoke
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| n.(车轮的)辐条;轮辐;破坏某人的计划;阻挠某人的行动 v.讲,谈(speak的过去式);说;演说;从某种观点来说 | |
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faculty
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| n.才能;学院,系;(学院或系的)全体教学人员 | |
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virtue
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| n.德行,美德;贞操;优点;功效,效力 | |
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diffused
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| 散布的,普及的,扩散的 | |
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enactment
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| n.演出,担任…角色;制订,通过 | |
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enact
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| vt.制定(法律);上演,扮演 | |
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enactments
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| n.演出( enactment的名词复数 );展现;规定;通过 | |
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unnatural
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| adj.不自然的;反常的 | |
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enacted
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| 制定(法律),通过(法案)( enact的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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violation
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| n.违反(行为),违背(行为),侵犯 | |
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secondly
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| adv.第二,其次 | |
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excellence
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| n.优秀,杰出,(pl.)优点,美德 | |
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commonwealth
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| n.共和国,联邦,共同体 | |
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toils
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| 网 | |
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labors
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| v.努力争取(for)( labor的第三人称单数 );苦干;详细分析;(指引擎)缓慢而困难地运转 | |
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lighter
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| n.打火机,点火器;驳船;v.用驳船运送;light的比较级 | |
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motives
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| n.动机,目的( motive的名词复数 ) | |
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unripe
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| adj.未成熟的;n.未成熟 | |
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enacting
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| 制定(法律),通过(法案)( enact的现在分词 ) | |
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mighty
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| adj.强有力的;巨大的 | |
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questionable
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| adj.可疑的,有问题的 | |
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auxiliaries
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| n.助动词 ( auxiliary的名词复数 );辅助工,辅助人员 | |
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worthy
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| adj.(of)值得的,配得上的;有价值的 | |
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drawn
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| v.拖,拉,拔出;adj.憔悴的,紧张的 | |
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intercourse
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| n.性交;交流,交往,交际 | |
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constraining
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| 强迫( constrain的现在分词 ); 强使; 限制; 约束 | |
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licentiousness
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| n.放肆,无法无天 | |
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beseech
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| v.祈求,恳求 | |
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deteriorate
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| v.变坏;恶化;退化 | |
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undoubtedly
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| adv.确实地,无疑地 | |
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consummate
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| adj.完美的;v.成婚;使完美 [反]baffle | |
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corporate
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| adj.共同的,全体的;公司的,企业的 | |
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practitioner
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| n.实践者,从事者;(医生或律师等)开业者 | |
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alluding
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| 提及,暗指( allude的现在分词 ) | |
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lawful
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| adj.法律许可的,守法的,合法的 | |
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discretion
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| n.谨慎;随意处理 | |
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deformed
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| adj.畸形的;变形的;丑的,破相了的 | |
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protracted
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| adj.拖延的;延长的v.拖延“protract”的过去式和过去分词 | |
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vigor
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| n.活力,精力,元气 | |
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auspices
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| n.资助,赞助 | |
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bastard
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| n.坏蛋,混蛋;私生子 | |
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specified
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| adj.特定的 | |
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embryo
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| n.胚胎,萌芽的事物 | |
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afterward
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| adv.后来;以后 | |
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begotten
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| v.为…之生父( beget的过去分词 );产生,引起 | |
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prohibition
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| n.禁止;禁令,禁律 | |
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oracle
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| n.神谕,神谕处,预言 | |
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discord
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| n.不和,意见不合,争论,(音乐)不和谐 | |
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distraction
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| n.精神涣散,精神不集中,消遣,娱乐 | |
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reign
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| n.统治时期,统治,支配,盛行;v.占优势 | |
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plunged
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| v.颠簸( plunge的过去式和过去分词 );暴跌;骤降;突降 | |
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alleviation
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| n. 减轻,缓和,解痛物 | |
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saviours
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| n.救助者( saviour的名词复数 );救星;救世主;耶稣基督 | |
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reverence
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| n.敬畏,尊敬,尊严;Reverence:对某些基督教神职人员的尊称;v.尊敬,敬畏,崇敬 | |
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obedience
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| n.服从,顺从 | |
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concord
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| n.和谐;协调 | |
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resentment
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| n.怨愤,忿恨 | |
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chastising
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| v.严惩(某人)(尤指责打)( chastise的现在分词 ) | |
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magistrates
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| 地方法官,治安官( magistrate的名词复数 ) | |
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succored
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| v.给予帮助( succor的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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pang
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| n.剧痛,悲痛,苦闷 | |
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pangs
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| 突然的剧痛( pang的名词复数 ); 悲痛 | |
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repudiating
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| v.(正式地)否认( repudiate的现在分词 );拒绝接受;拒绝与…往来;拒不履行(法律义务) | |
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salvation
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| n.(尤指基督)救世,超度,拯救,解困 | |
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possessed
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| adj.疯狂的;拥有的,占有的 | |
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harmonious
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| adj.和睦的,调和的,和谐的,协调的 | |
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judgment
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| n.审判;判断力,识别力,看法,意见 | |
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conceit
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| n.自负,自高自大 | |
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abiding
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| adj.永久的,持久的,不变的 | |
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incentive
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| n.刺激;动力;鼓励;诱因;动机 | |
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valor
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| n.勇气,英勇 | |
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incurred
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| [医]招致的,遭受的; incur的过去式 | |
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contrive
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| vt.谋划,策划;设法做到;设计,想出 | |
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foresight
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| n.先见之明,深谋远虑 | |
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tractable
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| adj.易驾驭的;温顺的 | |
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cowardice
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| n.胆小,怯懦 | |
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prey
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| n.被掠食者,牺牲者,掠食;v.捕食,掠夺,折磨 | |
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maiden
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| n.少女,处女;adj.未婚的,纯洁的,无经验的 | |
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130
hymns
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| n.赞美诗,圣歌,颂歌( hymn的名词复数 ) | |
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131
nay
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| adv.不;n.反对票,投反对票者 | |
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132
yoke
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| n.轭;支配;v.给...上轭,连接,使成配偶 | |
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infinitely
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| adv.无限地,无穷地 | |
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134
slain
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| 杀死,宰杀,杀戮( slay的过去分词 ); (slay的过去分词) | |
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135
conquerors
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| 征服者,占领者( conqueror的名词复数 ) | |
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136
conqueror
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| n.征服者,胜利者 | |
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137
despoiling
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| v.掠夺,抢劫( despoil的现在分词 ) | |
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138
skulk
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| v.藏匿;潜行 | |
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139
plunder
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| vt.劫掠财物,掠夺;n.劫掠物,赃物;劫掠 | |
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140
illiberality
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| n.吝啬,小气 | |
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141
avarice
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| n.贪婪;贪心 | |
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142
corpse
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| n.尸体,死尸 | |
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143
abstain
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| v.自制,戒绝,弃权,避免 | |
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144
kinsmen
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| n.家属,亲属( kinsman的名词复数 ) | |
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145
devastation
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| n.毁坏;荒废;极度震惊或悲伤 | |
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expressive
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| adj.表现的,表达…的,富于表情的 | |
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propriety
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| n.正当行为;正当;适当 | |
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148
antagonism
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| n.对抗,敌对,对立 | |
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149
disorder
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| n.紊乱,混乱;骚动,骚乱;疾病,失调 | |
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150
strife
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| n.争吵,冲突,倾轧,竞争 | |
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151
civilized
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| a.有教养的,文雅的 | |
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152
devastate
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| v.使荒芜,破坏,压倒 | |
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153
unwilling
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| adj.不情愿的 | |
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154
raze
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| vt.铲平,把(城市、房屋等)夷为平地,拆毁 | |
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warriors
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| 武士,勇士,战士( warrior的名词复数 ) | |
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156
invincible
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| adj.不可征服的,难以制服的 | |
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157
fully
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| adv.完全地,全部地,彻底地;充分地 | |
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158
hesitation
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| n.犹豫,踌躇 | |
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159
injustice
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| n.非正义,不公正,不公平,侵犯(别人的)权利 | |
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perfectly
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| adv.完美地,无可非议地,彻底地 | |
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contented
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| adj.满意的,安心的,知足的 | |
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162
exclusion
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| n.拒绝,排除,排斥,远足,远途旅行 | |
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behold
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| v.看,注视,看到 | |
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164
extravagant
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| adj.奢侈的;过分的;(言行等)放肆的 | |
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auxiliary
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| adj.辅助的,备用的 | |
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invaluable
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| adj.无价的,非常宝贵的,极为贵重的 | |
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167
followers
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| 追随者( follower的名词复数 ); 用户; 契据的附面; 从动件 | |
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168
regularity
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| n.规律性,规则性;匀称,整齐 | |
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169
manly
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| adj.有男子气概的;adv.男子般地,果断地 | |
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170
diminutives
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| n.微小( diminutive的名词复数 );昵称,爱称 | |
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171
averse
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| adj.厌恶的;反对的,不乐意的 | |
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172
assent
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| v.批准,认可;n.批准,认可 | |
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173
pretext
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| n.借口,托词 | |
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174
lesser
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| adj.次要的,较小的;adv.较小地,较少地 | |
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philosophical
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| adj.哲学家的,哲学上的,达观的 | |
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minor
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| adj.较小(少)的,较次要的;n.辅修学科;vi.辅修 | |
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177
incapable
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| adj.无能力的,不能做某事的 | |
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178
soothing
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| adj.慰藉的;使人宽心的;镇静的 | |
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179
utterly
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| adv.完全地,绝对地 | |
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180
negation
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| n.否定;否认 | |
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181
faculties
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| n.能力( faculty的名词复数 );全体教职员;技巧;院 | |
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182
mightiest
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| adj.趾高气扬( mighty的最高级 );巨大的;强有力的;浩瀚的 | |
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183
errs
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| 犯错误,做错事( err的第三人称单数 ) | |
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184
interval
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| n.间隔,间距;幕间休息,中场休息 | |
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185
remains
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| n.剩余物,残留物;遗体,遗迹 | |
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186
riddle
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| n.谜,谜语,粗筛;vt.解谜,给…出谜,筛,检查,鉴定,非难,充满于;vi.出谜 | |
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187
riddles
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| n.谜(语)( riddle的名词复数 );猜不透的难题,难解之谜 | |
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188
halfway
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| adj.中途的,不彻底的,部分的;adv.半路地,在中途,在半途 | |
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189
flux
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| n.流动;不断的改变 | |
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190
thither
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| adv.向那里;adj.在那边的,对岸的 | |
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191
immutable
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| adj.不可改变的,永恒的 | |
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Book IV
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Book VI
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