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Appendix IX
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Pseudo-Critics
A certain set of individuals calling themselves critics have attacked ‘Lavengro’ with much virulence1 and malice2. If what they call criticism had been founded on truth, the author would have had nothing to say. The book contains plenty of blemishes3, some of them, by-the-by, wilful4 ones, as the writer will presently show; not one of these, however, has been detected and pointed5 out; but the best passages in the book, indeed, whatever was calculated to make the book valuable, have been assailed7 with abuse and misrepresentation. The duty of the true critic is to play the part of a leech8, and not of a viper9. Upon true and upon malignant10 criticism there is an excellent fable11 by the Spaniard Iriarte. The viper says to the leech, ‘Why do people invite your bite, and flee from mine?’ ‘Because,’ says the leech, ‘people receive health from my bite, and poison from yours.’ ‘There is as much difference,’ says the clever Spaniard, ‘between true and malignant criticism as between poison and medicine.’ Certainly a great many meritorious12 writers have allowed themselves to be poisoned by malignant criticism; the writer, however, is not one of those who allow themselves to be poisoned by pseudo-critics; no! no! he will rather hold them up by their tails, and show the creatures
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1
virulence
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| n.毒力,毒性;病毒性;致病力 | |
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malice
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| n.恶意,怨恨,蓄意;[律]预谋 | |
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blemishes
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| n.(身体的)瘢点( blemish的名词复数 );伤疤;瑕疵;污点 | |
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wilful
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| adj.任性的,故意的 | |
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pointed
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| adj.尖的,直截了当的 | |
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assail
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| v.猛烈攻击,抨击,痛斥 | |
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assailed
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| v.攻击( assail的过去式和过去分词 );困扰;质问;毅然应对 | |
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leech
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| n.水蛭,吸血鬼,榨取他人利益的人;vt.以水蛭吸血;vi.依附于别人 | |
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viper
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| n.毒蛇;危险的人 | |
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malignant
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| adj.恶性的,致命的;恶意的,恶毒的 | |
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fable
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| n.寓言;童话;神话 | |
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meritorious
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| adj.值得赞赏的 | |
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wriggling
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| v.扭动,蠕动,蜿蜒行进( wriggle的现在分词 );(使身体某一部位)扭动;耍滑不做,逃避(应做的事等);蠕蠕 | |
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foam
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| v./n.泡沫,起泡沫 | |
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jaws
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| n.口部;嘴 | |
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humbug
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| n.花招,谎话,欺骗 | |
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dressings
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| n.敷料剂;穿衣( dressing的名词复数 );穿戴;(拌制色拉的)调料;(保护伤口的)敷料 | |
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besetting
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| adj.不断攻击的v.困扰( beset的现在分词 );不断围攻;镶;嵌 | |
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folly
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| n.愚笨,愚蠢,蠢事,蠢行,傻话 | |
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guardians
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| 监护人( guardian的名词复数 ); 保护者,维护者 | |
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abide
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| vi.遵守;坚持;vt.忍受 | |
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enraptured
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| v.使狂喜( enrapture的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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proceedings
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| n.进程,过程,议程;诉讼(程序);公报 | |
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autobiography
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| n.自传 | |
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profess
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| v.声称,冒称,以...为业,正式接受入教,表明信仰 | |
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profligate
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| adj.行为不检的;n.放荡的人,浪子,肆意挥霍者 | |
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authorized
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| a.委任的,许可的 | |
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curry
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| n.咖哩粉,咖哩饭菜;v.用咖哩粉调味,用马栉梳,制革 | |
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calumny
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| n.诽谤,污蔑,中伤 | |
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condescending
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| adj.谦逊的,故意屈尊的 | |
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unwilling
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| adj.不情愿的 | |
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vipers
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| n.蝰蛇( viper的名词复数 );毒蛇;阴险恶毒的人;奸诈者 | |
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perfectly
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| adv.完美地,无可非议地,彻底地 | |
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stratagem
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| n.诡计,计谋 | |
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philological
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| adj.语言学的,文献学的 | |
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vilify
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| v.诽谤,中伤 | |
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philology
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| n.语言学;语文学 | |
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urchins
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| n.顽童( urchin的名词复数 );淘气鬼;猬;海胆 | |
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philologist
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| n.语言学者,文献学者 | |
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wilfully
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| adv.任性固执地;蓄意地 | |
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taunts
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| 嘲弄的言语,嘲笑,奚落( taunt的名词复数 ) | |
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taunting
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| 嘲讽( taunt的现在分词 ); 嘲弄; 辱骂; 奚落 | |
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rave
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| vi.胡言乱语;热衷谈论;n.热情赞扬 | |
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ravening
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| a.贪婪而饥饿的 | |
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fables
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| n.寓言( fable的名词复数 );神话,传说 | |
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bullying
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| v.恐吓,威逼( bully的现在分词 );豪;跋扈 | |
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currying
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| 加脂操作 | |
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disapprove
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| v.不赞成,不同意,不批准 | |
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horrid
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| adj.可怕的;令人惊恐的;恐怖的;极讨厌的 | |
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sycophantic
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| adj.阿谀奉承的 | |
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sycophant
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| n.马屁精 | |
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galling
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| adj.难堪的,使烦恼的,使焦躁的 | |
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gall
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| v.使烦恼,使焦躁,难堪;n.磨难 | |
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mighty
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| adj.强有力的;巨大的 | |
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arrogance
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| n.傲慢,自大 | |
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omniscient
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| adj.无所不知的;博识的 | |
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versed
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| adj. 精通,熟练 | |
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pretension
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| n.要求;自命,自称;自负 | |
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profanely
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| adv.渎神地,凡俗地 | |
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profane
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| adj.亵神的,亵渎的;vt.亵渎,玷污 | |
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conceit
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| n.自负,自高自大 | |
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fawning
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| adj.乞怜的,奉承的v.(尤指狗等)跳过来往人身上蹭以示亲热( fawn的现在分词 );巴结;讨好 | |
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sycophancy
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| n.拍马屁,奉承,谄媚;吮痈舐痔 | |
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remains
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| n.剩余物,残留物;遗体,遗迹 | |
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replete
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| adj.饱满的,塞满的;n.贮蜜蚁 | |
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physiology
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| n.生理学,生理机能 | |
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previously
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| adv.以前,先前(地) | |
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touching
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| adj.动人的,使人感伤的 | |
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miserable
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| adj.悲惨的,痛苦的;可怜的,糟糕的 | |
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dissected
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| adj.切开的,分割的,(叶子)多裂的v.解剖(动物等)( dissect的过去式和过去分词 );仔细分析或研究 | |
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remarkable
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| adj.显著的,异常的,非凡的,值得注意的 | |
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physiological
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| adj.生理学的,生理学上的 | |
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candid
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| adj.公正的,正直的;坦率的 | |
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triumphantly
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| ad.得意洋洋地;得胜地;成功地 | |
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metaphors
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| 隐喻( metaphor的名词复数 ) | |
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cliques
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| n.小集团,小圈子,派系( clique的名词复数 ) | |
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virulent
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| adj.有毒的,有恶意的,充满敌意的 | |
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mortification
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| n.耻辱,屈辱 | |
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whit
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| n.一点,丝毫 | |
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dabble
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| v.涉足,浅赏 | |
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coxcomb
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| n.花花公子 | |
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procure
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| vt.获得,取得,促成;vi.拉皮条 | |
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scurrilous
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| adj.下流的,恶意诽谤的 | |
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mule
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| n.骡子,杂种,执拗的人 | |
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envious
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| adj.嫉妒的,羡慕的 | |
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enraged
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| 使暴怒( enrage的过去式和过去分词 ); 歜; 激愤 | |
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scotch
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| n.伤口,刻痕;苏格兰威士忌酒;v.粉碎,消灭,阻止;adj.苏格兰(人)的 | |
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sarcasms
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| n.讥讽,讽刺,挖苦( sarcasm的名词复数 ) | |
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nauseated
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| adj.作呕的,厌恶的v.使恶心,作呕( nauseate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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jargon
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| n.术语,行话 | |
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immediate
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| adj.立即的;直接的,最接近的;紧靠的 | |
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sneak
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| vt.潜行(隐藏,填石缝);偷偷摸摸做;n.潜行;adj.暗中进行 | |
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gilt
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| adj.镀金的;n.金边证券 | |
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witty
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| adj.机智的,风趣的 | |
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distinguished
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| adj.卓越的,杰出的,著名的 | |
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ridicule
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| v.讥讽,挖苦;n.嘲弄 | |
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trumpery
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| n.无价值的杂物;adj.(物品)中看不中用的 | |
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descended
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| a.为...后裔的,出身于...的 | |
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ridicules
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| n.嘲笑( ridicule的名词复数 );奚落;嘲弄;戏弄v.嘲笑,嘲弄,奚落( ridicule的第三人称单数 ) | |
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ancestry
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| n.祖先,家世 | |
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apocryphal
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| adj.假冒的,虚假的 | |
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mightily
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| ad.强烈地;非常地 | |
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103
contrive
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| vt.谋划,策划;设法做到;设计,想出 | |
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renowned
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| adj.著名的,有名望的,声誉鹊起的 | |
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warrior
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| n.勇士,武士,斗士 | |
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106
patriot
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| n.爱国者,爱国主义者 | |
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107
scurvy
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| adj.下流的,卑鄙的,无礼的;n.坏血病 | |
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108
kennel
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| n.狗舍,狗窝 | |
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forefathers
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| n.祖先,先人;祖先,祖宗( forefather的名词复数 );列祖列宗;前人 | |
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patriotic
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| adj.爱国的,有爱国心的 | |
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obelisks
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| n.方尖石塔,短剑号,疑问记号( obelisk的名词复数 ) | |
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112
misery
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| n.痛苦,苦恼,苦难;悲惨的境遇,贫苦 | |
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dastard
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| n.卑怯之人,懦夫;adj.怯懦的,畏缩的 | |
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prodigal
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| adj.浪费的,挥霍的,放荡的 | |
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115
defamation
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| n.诽谤;中伤 | |
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radicals
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| n.激进分子( radical的名词复数 );根基;基本原理;[数学]根数 | |
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Appendix VIII
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Appendix X
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