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Chapter 11. Churches and Pictures.
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One day in the gallery of the Venetian Academy a family party of the English, whom we had often seen from our balcony in their gondolas1, were kind enough to pause before Titian’s John the Baptist. It was attention that the picture could scarcely demand in strict justice, for it hangs at the end of a suite2 of smaller rooms through which visitors usually return from the great halls, spent with looking at much larger paintings. As these people stood gazing at the sublime3 figure of the Baptist,—one of the most impressive, if not the most religious, that the master has painted,—and the wild and singular beauty of the landscape made itself felt through the infinite depths of their respectability, the father of the family and the head of the group uttered approval of the painter’s conception: “Quite my idea of the party’s character,” he said; and then silently and awfully4 led his domestic train away.
I am so far from deriding7 the criticism of this honest gentleman that I would wish to have equal sincerity8 and boldness in saying what I thought—if I really thought any thing at all—concerning the art which I spent so great a share of my time at Venice in looking at. But I fear I should fall short of the terseness9 as well as the candor10 I applaud, and should presently find myself tediously rehearsing criticisms which I neither respect for their honesty, nor regard for their justice. It is the sad fortune of him who desires to arrive at full perception of the true and beautiful in art, to find that critics have no agreement except upon a few loose general principles; and that among the artists, to whom he turns in his despair, no two think alike concerning the same master, while his own little learning has made him distrust his natural likings and mislikings. Ruskin is
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1
gondolas
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| n.狭长小船( gondola的名词复数 );货架(一般指商店,例如化妆品店);吊船工作台 | |
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suite
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| n.一套(家具);套房;随从人员 | |
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3
sublime
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| adj.崇高的,伟大的;极度的,不顾后果的 | |
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awfully
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| adv.可怕地,非常地,极端地 | |
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dome
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| n.圆屋顶,拱顶 | |
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domes
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| n.圆屋顶( dome的名词复数 );像圆屋顶一样的东西;圆顶体育场 | |
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deriding
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| v.取笑,嘲笑( deride的现在分词 ) | |
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sincerity
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| n.真诚,诚意;真实 | |
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terseness
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| 简洁,精练 | |
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candor
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| n.坦白,率真 | |
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undoubtedly
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| adv.确实地,无疑地 | |
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chastised
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| v.严惩(某人)(尤指责打)( chastise的过去式 ) | |
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humility
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| n.谦逊,谦恭 | |
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Christian
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| adj.基督教徒的;n.基督教徒 | |
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subdued
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| adj. 屈服的,柔和的,减弱的 动词subdue的过去式和过去分词 | |
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aesthetic
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| adj.美学的,审美的,有美感 | |
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disdains
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| 鄙视,轻蔑( disdain的名词复数 ) | |
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postulates
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| v.假定,假设( postulate的第三人称单数 ) | |
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vividly
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| adv.清楚地,鲜明地,生动地 | |
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likeness
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| n.相像,相似(之处) | |
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intelligibly
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| adv.可理解地,明了地,清晰地 | |
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lumber
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| n.木材,木料;v.以破旧东西堆满;伐木;笨重移动 | |
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speculations
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| n.投机买卖( speculation的名词复数 );思考;投机活动;推断 | |
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analogous
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| adj.相似的;类似的 | |
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edifices
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| n.大建筑物( edifice的名词复数 ) | |
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edifice
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| n.宏伟的建筑物(如宫殿,教室) | |
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ingratitude
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| n.忘恩负义 | |
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gratitude
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| adj.感激,感谢 | |
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beguiled
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| v.欺骗( beguile的过去式和过去分词 );使陶醉;使高兴;消磨(时间等) | |
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transmute
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| vt.使变化,使改变 | |
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reluctance
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| n.厌恶,讨厌,勉强,不情愿 | |
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veneration
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| n.尊敬,崇拜 | |
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friendliness
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| n.友谊,亲切,亲密 | |
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lures
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| 吸引力,魅力(lure的复数形式) | |
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caresses
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| 爱抚,抚摸( caress的名词复数 ) | |
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awes
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| n.敬畏,惊惧( awe的名词复数 )v.使敬畏,使惊惧( awe的第三人称单数 ) | |
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awe
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| n.敬畏,惊惧;vt.使敬畏,使惊惧 | |
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meekest
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| adj.温顺的,驯服的( meek的最高级 ) | |
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anguish
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| n.(尤指心灵上的)极度痛苦,烦恼 | |
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repentance
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| n.懊悔 | |
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recesses
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| n.壁凹( recess的名词复数 );(工作或业务活动的)中止或暂停期间;学校的课间休息;某物内部的凹形空间v.把某物放在墙壁的凹处( recess的第三人称单数 );将(墙)做成凹形,在(墙)上做壁龛;休息,休会,休庭 | |
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mosaic
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| n./adj.镶嵌细工的,镶嵌工艺品的,嵌花式的 | |
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twilight
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| n.暮光,黄昏;暮年,晚期,衰落时期 | |
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wink
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| n.眨眼,使眼色,瞬间;v.眨眼,使眼色,闪烁 | |
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mere
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| adj.纯粹的;仅仅,只不过 | |
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opulence
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| n.财富,富裕 | |
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unity
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| n.团结,联合,统一;和睦,协调 | |
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splendor
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| n.光彩;壮丽,华丽;显赫,辉煌 | |
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costly
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| adj.昂贵的,价值高的,豪华的 | |
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gems
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| growth; economy; management; and customer satisfaction 增长 | |
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pecuniary
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| adj.金钱的;金钱上的 | |
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marvel
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| vi.(at)惊叹vt.感到惊异;n.令人惊异的事 | |
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conspicuous
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| adj.明眼的,惹人注目的;炫耀的,摆阔气的 | |
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labor
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| n.劳动,努力,工作,劳工;分娩;vi.劳动,努力,苦干;vt.详细分析;麻烦 | |
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subdues
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| 征服( subdue的第三人称单数 ); 克制; 制服 | |
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adornment
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| n.装饰;装饰品 | |
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grandeur
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| n.伟大,崇高,宏伟,庄严,豪华 | |
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shrines
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| 圣地,圣坛,神圣场所( shrine的名词复数 ) | |
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shrine
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| n.圣地,神龛,庙;v.将...置于神龛内,把...奉为神圣 | |
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ablaze
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| adj.着火的,燃烧的;闪耀的,灯火辉煌的 | |
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vault
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| n.拱形圆顶,地窖,地下室 | |
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choir
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| n.唱诗班,唱诗班的席位,合唱团,舞蹈团;v.合唱 | |
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splendors
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| n.华丽( splendor的名词复数 );壮丽;光辉;显赫 | |
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incense
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| v.激怒;n.香,焚香时的烟,香气 | |
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banish
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| vt.放逐,驱逐;消除,排除 | |
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poetic
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| adj.富有诗意的,有诗人气质的,善于抒情的 | |
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fumes
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| n.(强烈而刺激的)气味,气体 | |
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mitigated
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| v.减轻,缓和( mitigate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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nostrils
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| 鼻孔( nostril的名词复数 ) | |
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contrives
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| (不顾困难地)促成某事( contrive的第三人称单数 ); 巧妙地策划,精巧地制造(如机器); 设法做到 | |
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odious
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| adj.可憎的,讨厌的 | |
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baton
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| n.乐队用指挥杖 | |
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enjoyment
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| n.乐趣;享有;享用 | |
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repose
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| v.(使)休息;n.安息 | |
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possessed
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| adj.疯狂的;拥有的,占有的 | |
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annually
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| adv.一年一次,每年 | |
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numb
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| adj.麻木的,失去感觉的;v.使麻木 | |
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costliest
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| adj.昂贵的( costly的最高级 );代价高的;引起困难的;造成损失的 | |
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bequest
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| n.遗赠;遗产,遗物 | |
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strictly
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| adv.严厉地,严格地;严密地 | |
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paltry
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| adj.无价值的,微不足道的 | |
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exalted
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| adj.(地位等)高的,崇高的;尊贵的,高尚的 | |
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sublimity
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| 崇高,庄严,气质高尚 | |
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superstition
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| n.迷信,迷信行为 | |
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renaissance
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| n.复活,复兴,文艺复兴 | |
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hatred
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| n.憎恶,憎恨,仇恨 | |
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idols
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| 偶像( idol的名词复数 ); 受崇拜的人或物; 受到热爱和崇拜的人或物; 神像 | |
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hideous
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| adj.丑陋的,可憎的,可怕的,恐怖的 | |
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abominable
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| adj.可厌的,令人憎恶的 | |
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hoop
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| n.(篮球)篮圈,篮 | |
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wig
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| n.假发 | |
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virgin
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| n.处女,未婚女子;adj.未经使用的;未经开发的 | |
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behold
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| v.看,注视,看到 | |
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ragged
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| adj.衣衫褴褛的,粗糙的,刺耳的 | |
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frantic
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| adj.狂乱的,错乱的,激昂的 | |
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havoc
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| n.大破坏,浩劫,大混乱,大杂乱 | |
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panes
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| 窗玻璃( pane的名词复数 ) | |
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miraculously
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| ad.奇迹般地 | |
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cession
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| n.割让,转让 | |
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purged
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| 清除(政敌等)( purge的过去式和过去分词 ); 涤除(罪恶等); 净化(心灵、风气等); 消除(错事等)的不良影响 | |
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salute
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| vi.行礼,致意,问候,放礼炮;vt.向…致意,迎接,赞扬;n.招呼,敬礼,礼炮 | |
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cholera
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| n.霍乱 | |
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majestic
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| adj.雄伟的,壮丽的,庄严的,威严的,崇高的 | |
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theatrical
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| adj.剧场的,演戏的;做戏似的,做作的 | |
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decided
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| adj.决定了的,坚决的;明显的,明确的 | |
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shaft
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| n.(工具的)柄,杆状物 | |
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vile
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| adj.卑鄙的,可耻的,邪恶的;坏透的 | |
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debauch
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| v.使堕落,放纵 | |
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stupor
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| v.昏迷;不省人事 | |
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vacancy
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| n.(旅馆的)空位,空房,(职务的)空缺 | |
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skull
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| n.头骨;颅骨 | |
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countenance
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| n.脸色,面容;面部表情;vt.支持,赞同 | |
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revels
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| n.作乐( revel的名词复数 );狂欢;着迷;陶醉v.作乐( revel的第三人称单数 );狂欢;着迷;陶醉 | |
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chapel
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| n.小教堂,殡仪馆 | |
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martyr
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| n.烈士,殉难者;vt.杀害,折磨,牺牲 | |
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hearty
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| adj.热情友好的;衷心的;尽情的,纵情的 | |
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monk
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| n.和尚,僧侣,修道士 | |
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monks
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| n.修道士,僧侣( monk的名词复数 ) | |
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snug
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| adj.温暖舒适的,合身的,安全的;v.使整洁干净,舒适地依靠,紧贴;n.(英)酒吧里的私房 | |
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corps
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| n.(通信等兵种的)部队;(同类作的)一组 | |
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colonnade
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| n.柱廊 | |
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remains
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| n.剩余物,残留物;遗体,遗迹 | |
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rivalry
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| n.竞争,竞赛,对抗 | |
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wrought
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| v.引起;以…原料制作;运转;adj.制造的 | |
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repel
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| v.击退,抵制,拒绝,排斥 | |
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divers
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| adj.不同的;种种的 | |
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relish
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| n.滋味,享受,爱好,调味品;vt.加调味料,享受,品味;vi.有滋味 | |
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cloister
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| n.修道院;v.隐退,使与世隔绝 | |
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fable
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| n.寓言;童话;神话 | |
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lodged
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| v.存放( lodge的过去式和过去分词 );暂住;埋入;(权利、权威等)归属 | |
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fervent
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| adj.热的,热烈的,热情的 | |
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graceful
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| adj.优美的,优雅的;得体的 | |
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133
eloquence
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| n.雄辩;口才,修辞 | |
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134
throng
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| n.人群,群众;v.拥挤,群集 | |
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135
sanctuaries
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| n.避难所( sanctuary的名词复数 );庇护;圣所;庇护所 | |
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136
scattered
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| adj.分散的,稀疏的;散步的;疏疏落落的 | |
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137
foul
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| adj.污秽的;邪恶的;v.弄脏;妨害;犯规;n.犯规 | |
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138
devout
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| adj.虔诚的,虔敬的,衷心的 (n.devoutness) | |
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139
dabbled
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| v.涉猎( dabble的过去式和过去分词 );涉足;浅尝;少量投资 | |
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140
consort
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| v.相伴;结交 | |
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141
perennial
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| adj.终年的;长久的 | |
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142
meekly
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| adv.温顺地,逆来顺受地 | |
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143
dodges
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| n.闪躲( dodge的名词复数 );躲避;伎俩;妙计v.闪躲( dodge的第三人称单数 );回避 | |
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144
tapers
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| (长形物体的)逐渐变窄( taper的名词复数 ); 微弱的光; 极细的蜡烛 | |
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145
patrician
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| adj.贵族的,显贵的;n.贵族;有教养的人;罗马帝国的地方官 | |
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146
cherubs
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| 小天使,胖娃娃( cherub的名词复数 ) | |
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sleek
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| adj.光滑的,井然有序的;v.使光滑,梳拢 | |
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148
standing
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| n.持续,地位;adj.永久的,不动的,直立的,不流动的 | |
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149
ecclesiastics
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| n.神职者,教会,牧师( ecclesiastic的名词复数 ) | |
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150
supplication
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| n.恳求,祈愿,哀求 | |
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151
coherence
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| n.紧凑;连贯;一致性 | |
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152
descend
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| vt./vi.传下来,下来,下降 | |
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153
perches
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| 栖息处( perch的名词复数 ); 栖枝; 高处; 鲈鱼 | |
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154
tawny
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| adj.茶色的,黄褐色的;n.黄褐色 | |
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155
crimsons
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| 变为深红色(crimson的第三人称单数形式) | |
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156
apparently
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| adv.显然地;表面上,似乎 | |
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157
amity
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| n.友好关系 | |
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158
deluded
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| v.欺骗,哄骗( delude的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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159
absurdity
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| n.荒谬,愚蠢;谬论 | |
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160
antipathy
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| n.憎恶;反感,引起反感的人或事物 | |
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161
hoops
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| n.箍( hoop的名词复数 );(篮球)篮圈;(旧时儿童玩的)大环子;(两端埋在地里的)小铁弓 | |
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162
punctuation
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| n.标点符号,标点法 | |
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163
deliberately
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| adv.审慎地;蓄意地;故意地 | |
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164
impiety
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| n.不敬;不孝 | |
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165
dangling
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| 悬吊着( dangle的现在分词 ); 摆动不定; 用某事物诱惑…; 吊胃口 | |
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166
cuffed
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| v.掌打,拳打( cuff的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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