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Introduction.
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It is necessary to say a few words to explain this book. The original title of the book was “Musings on Woman and Labour.”
It is, what its name implies, a collection of musings on some of the points connected with woman’s work.
In my early youth I began a book on Woman. I continued the work till ten years ago. It necessarily touched on most matters in which sex has a part, however incompletely.
It began by tracing the differences of sex function to their earliest appearances in life on the globe; not only as when in the animal world, two amoeboid globules coalesce1, and the process of sexual generation almost unconsciously begins; but to its yet more primitive2 manifestations3 in plant life. In the first three chapters I traced, as far as I was able, the evolution of sex in different branches of non-human life. Many large facts surprised me in following this line of thought by their bearing on the whole modern sex problem. Such facts as this; that, in the great majority of species on the earth the female form exceeds the male in size and strength and often in predatory instinct; and that sex relationships may assume almost any form on earth as the conditions of life vary; and that, even in their sexual relations towards offspring, those differences which we, conventionally, are apt to suppose are inherent in the paternal4 or the maternal5 sex form, are not inherent — as when one studies the lives of certain toads6, where the female deposits her eggs in cavities on the back of the male, where the eggs are preserved and hatched; or, of certain sea animals, in which the male carries the young about with him and rears them in a pouch7 formed of his own substance; and countless8 other such. And above all, this important fact, which had first impressed me when as a child I wandered alone in the African bush and watched cock-o-veets singing their inter-knit love-songs, and small singing birds building their nests together, and caring for and watching over, not only their young, but each other, and which has powerfully influenced all I have thought and felt on sex matters since; — the fact that, along the line of bird life and among certain of its species sex has
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1
coalesce
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| v.联合,结合,合并 | |
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primitive
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| adj.原始的;简单的;n.原(始)人,原始事物 | |
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manifestations
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| n.表示,显示(manifestation的复数形式) | |
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paternal
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| adj.父亲的,像父亲的,父系的,父方的 | |
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maternal
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| adj.母亲的,母亲般的,母系的,母方的 | |
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toads
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| n.蟾蜍,癞蛤蟆( toad的名词复数 ) | |
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pouch
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| n.小袋,小包,囊状袋;vt.装...入袋中,用袋运输;vi.用袋送信件 | |
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countless
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| adj.无数的,多得不计其数的 | |
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fully
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| adv.完全地,全部地,彻底地;充分地 | |
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attain
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| vt.达到,获得,完成 | |
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attained
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| (通常经过努力)实现( attain的过去式和过去分词 ); 达到; 获得; 达到(某年龄、水平、状况) | |
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aesthetic
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| adj.美学的,审美的,有美感 | |
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savage
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| adj.野蛮的;凶恶的,残暴的;n.未开化的人 | |
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eloquent
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| adj.雄辩的,口才流利的;明白显示出的 | |
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anguish
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| n.(尤指心灵上的)极度痛苦,烦恼 | |
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intensity
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| n.强烈,剧烈;强度;烈度 | |
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majestic
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| adj.雄伟的,壮丽的,庄严的,威严的,崇高的 | |
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inevitable
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| adj.不可避免的,必然发生的 | |
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axiomatic
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| adj.不需证明的,不言自明的 | |
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persistence
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| n.坚持,持续,存留 | |
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submission
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| n.服从,投降;温顺,谦虚;提出 | |
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acquiescence
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| n.默许;顺从 | |
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erect
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| n./v.树立,建立,使竖立;adj.直立的,垂直的 | |
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physiological
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| adj.生理学的,生理学上的 | |
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procuring
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| v.(努力)取得, (设法)获得( procure的现在分词 );拉皮条 | |
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entirely
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| ad.全部地,完整地;完全地,彻底地 | |
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dealing
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| n.经商方法,待人态度 | |
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awaken
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| vi.醒,觉醒;vt.唤醒,使觉醒,唤起,激起 | |
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illustrate
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| v.举例说明,阐明;图解,加插图 | |
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lust
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| n.性(淫)欲;渴(欲)望;vi.对…有强烈的欲望 | |
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stimulate
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| vt.刺激,使兴奋;激励,使…振奋 | |
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situated
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| adj.坐落在...的,处于某种境地的 | |
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martial
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| adj.战争的,军事的,尚武的,威武的 | |
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thither
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| adv.向那里;adj.在那边的,对岸的 | |
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outskirts
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| n.郊外,郊区 | |
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intervals
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| n.[军事]间隔( interval的名词复数 );间隔时间;[数学]区间;(戏剧、电影或音乐会的)幕间休息 | |
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resolutely
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| adj.坚决地,果断地 | |
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drawn
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| v.拖,拉,拔出;adj.憔悴的,紧张的 | |
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standing
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| n.持续,地位;adj.永久的,不动的,直立的,不流动的 | |
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shutters
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| 百叶窗( shutter的名词复数 ); (照相机的)快门 | |
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scorched
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| 烧焦,烤焦( scorch的过去式和过去分词 ); 使(植物)枯萎,把…晒枯; 高速行驶; 枯焦 | |
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phenomena
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| n.现象 | |
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parasitism
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| n.寄生状态,寄生病;寄生性 | |
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devoted
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| adj.忠诚的,忠实的,热心的,献身于...的 | |
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insistence
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| n.坚持;强调;坚决主张 | |
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lighter
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| n.打火机,点火器;驳船;v.用驳船运送;light的比较级 | |
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indirectly
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| adv.间接地,不直接了当地 | |
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marital
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| adj.婚姻的,夫妻的 | |
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earnings
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| n.工资收人;利润,利益,所得 | |
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partnership
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| n.合作关系,伙伴关系 | |
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sufficiently
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| adv.足够地,充分地 | |
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perfectly
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| adv.完美地,无可非议地,彻底地 | |
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illustrating
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| 给…加插图( illustrate的现在分词 ); 说明; 表明; (用示例、图画等)说明 | |
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ramifications
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| n.结果,后果( ramification的名词复数 ) | |
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afflict
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| vt.使身体或精神受痛苦,折磨 | |
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ordained
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| v.任命(某人)为牧师( ordain的过去式和过去分词 );授予(某人)圣职;(上帝、法律等)命令;判定 | |
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wilful
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| adj.任性的,故意的 | |
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equity
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| n.公正,公平,(无固定利息的)股票 | |
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impartiality
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| n. 公平, 无私, 不偏 | |
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promiscuity
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| n.混杂,混乱;(男女的)乱交 | |
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appreciation
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| n.评价;欣赏;感谢;领会,理解;价格上涨 | |
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mechanism
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| n.机械装置;机构,结构 | |
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onward
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| adj.向前的,前进的;adv.向前,前进,在先 | |
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noted
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| adj.著名的,知名的 | |
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petals
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| n.花瓣( petal的名词复数 ) | |
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petal
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| n.花瓣 | |
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destined
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| adj.命中注定的;(for)以…为目的地的 | |
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mires
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| n.泥潭( mire的名词复数 ) | |
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mire
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| n.泥沼,泥泞;v.使...陷于泥泞,使...陷入困境 | |
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injustice
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| n.非正义,不公正,不公平,侵犯(别人的)权利 | |
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exterminate
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| v.扑灭,消灭,根绝 | |
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upwards
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| adv.向上,在更高处...以上 | |
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essentially
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| adv.本质上,实质上,基本上 | |
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inscribed
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| v.写,刻( inscribe的过去式和过去分词 );内接 | |
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worthy
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| adj.(of)值得的,配得上的;有价值的 | |
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embodied
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| v.表现( embody的过去式和过去分词 );象征;包括;包含 | |
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astonishment
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| n.惊奇,惊异 | |
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passionate
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| adj.热情的,热烈的,激昂的,易动情的,易怒的,性情暴躁的 | |
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accomplished
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| adj.有才艺的;有造诣的;达到了的 | |
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marvel
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| vi.(at)惊叹vt.感到惊异;n.令人惊异的事 | |
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consolation
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| n.安慰,慰问 | |
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aspired
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| v.渴望,追求( aspire的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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