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Chapter I. Parasitism.
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In that clamour which has arisen in the modern world, where now this, and then that, is demanded for and by large bodies of modern women, he who listens carefully may detect as a keynote, beneath all the clamour, a demand which may be embodied2 in such a cry as this: Give us labour and the training which fits for labour! We demand this, not for ourselves alone, but for the race.
If this demand be logically expanded, it will take such form as this: Give us labour! For countless3 ages, for thousands, millions it may be, we have laboured. When first man wandered, the naked, newly-erected savage4, and hunted and fought, we wandered with him: each step of his was ours. Within our bodies we bore the race, on our shoulders we carried it; we sought the roots and plants for its food; and, when man’s barbed arrow or hook brought the game, our hands dressed it. Side by side, the savage man and the savage woman, we wandered free together and laboured free together. And we were contented5!
Then a change came.
We ceased from our wanderings, and, camping upon one spot of earth, again the labours of life were divided between us. While man went forth6 to hunt, or to battle with the foe7 who would have dispossessed us of all, we laboured on the land. We hoed the earth, we reaped the grain, we shaped the dwellings9, we wove the clothing, we modelled the earthen vessels10 and drew the lines upon them, which were humanity’s first attempt at domestic art; we studied the properties and uses of plants, and our old women were the first physicians of the race, as, often, its first priests and prophets.
We fed the race at our breast, we bore it on our shoulders; through us it was shaped, fed, and clothed. Labour more toilsome and unending than that of man was ours; yet did we never cry out that it was too heavy for us. While savage man lay in the sunshine on his skins, resting, that he might be fitted for war or the chase, or while he shaped his weapons of death, he ate and drank that which our hands had provided for him; and while we knelt over our grindstone, or hoed in the fields, with one child in our womb, perhaps, and one on our back,
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1
fully
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| adv.完全地,全部地,彻底地;充分地 | |
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embodied
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| v.表现( embody的过去式和过去分词 );象征;包括;包含 | |
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countless
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| adj.无数的,多得不计其数的 | |
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savage
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| adj.野蛮的;凶恶的,残暴的;n.未开化的人 | |
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contented
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| adj.满意的,安心的,知足的 | |
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forth
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| adv.向前;向外,往外 | |
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foe
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| n.敌人,仇敌 | |
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possessed
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| adj.疯狂的;拥有的,占有的 | |
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dwellings
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| n.住处,处所( dwelling的名词复数 ) | |
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vessels
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| n.血管( vessel的名词复数 );船;容器;(具有特殊品质或接受特殊品质的)人 | |
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toil
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| vi.辛劳工作,艰难地行动;n.苦工,难事 | |
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toiling
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| 长时间或辛苦地工作( toil的现在分词 ); 艰难缓慢地移动,跋涉 | |
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allotted
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| 分配,拨给,摊派( allot的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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traitor
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| n.叛徒,卖国贼 | |
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nurtured
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| 养育( nurture的过去式和过去分词 ); 培育; 滋长; 助长 | |
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well-being
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| n.安康,安乐,幸福 | |
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hemp
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| n.大麻;纤维 | |
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tapestries
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| n.挂毯( tapestry的名词复数 );绣帷,织锦v.用挂毯(或绣帷)装饰( tapestry的第三人称单数 ) | |
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brew
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| v.酿造,调制 | |
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brewed
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| 调制( brew的过去式和过去分词 ); 酝酿; 沏(茶); 煮(咖啡) | |
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distilled
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| adj.由蒸馏得来的v.蒸馏( distil的过去式和过去分词 );从…提取精华 | |
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dame
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| n.女士 | |
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dispense
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| vt.分配,分发;配(药),发(药);实施 | |
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maidens
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| 处女( maiden的名词复数 ); 少女; 未婚女子; (板球运动)未得分的一轮投球 | |
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maiden
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| n.少女,处女;adj.未婚的,纯洁的,无经验的 | |
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forefathers
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| n.祖先,先人;祖先,祖宗( forefather的名词复数 );列祖列宗;前人 | |
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followers
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| 追随者( follower的名词复数 ); 用户; 契据的附面; 从动件 | |
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bereft
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| adj.被剥夺的 | |
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forsake
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| vt.遗弃,抛弃;舍弃,放弃 | |
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reign
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| n.统治时期,统治,支配,盛行;v.占优势 | |
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vats
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| varieties 变化,多样性,种类 | |
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gad
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| n.闲逛;v.闲逛 | |
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belly
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| n.肚子,腹部;(像肚子一样)鼓起的部分,膛 | |
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linen
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| n.亚麻布,亚麻线,亚麻制品;adj.亚麻布制的,亚麻的 | |
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entirely
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| ad.全部地,完整地;完全地,彻底地 | |
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accomplished
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| adj.有才艺的;有造诣的;达到了的 | |
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toiled
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| 长时间或辛苦地工作( toil的过去式和过去分词 ); 艰难缓慢地移动,跋涉 | |
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reaper
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| n.收割者,收割机 | |
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binds
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| v.约束( bind的第三人称单数 );装订;捆绑;(用长布条)缠绕 | |
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garner
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| v.收藏;取得 | |
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exertion
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| n.尽力,努力 | |
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machinery
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| n.(总称)机械,机器;机构 | |
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determined
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| adj.坚定的;有决心的 | |
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puniest
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| adj.小于一般尺寸的( puny的最高级 );微不足道的;弱小的;微弱的 | |
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maxim
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| n.格言,箴言 | |
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mow
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| v.割(草、麦等),扫射,皱眉;n.草堆,谷物堆 | |
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virility
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| n.雄劲,丈夫气 | |
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verge
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| n.边,边缘;v.接近,濒临 | |
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attainment
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| n.达到,到达;[常pl.]成就,造诣 | |
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diffused
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| 散布的,普及的,扩散的 | |
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civilisation
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| n.文明,文化,开化,教化 | |
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expenditure
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| n.(时间、劳力、金钱等)支出;使用,消耗 | |
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mere
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| adj.纯粹的;仅仅,只不过 | |
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physically
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| adj.物质上,体格上,身体上,按自然规律 | |
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accomplishment
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| n.完成,成就,(pl.)造诣,技能 | |
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dominant
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| adj.支配的,统治的;占优势的;显性的;n.主因,要素,主要的人(或物);显性基因 | |
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warriors
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| 武士,勇士,战士( warrior的名词复数 ) | |
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warrior
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| n.勇士,武士,斗士 | |
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invaluable
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| adj.无价的,非常宝贵的,极为贵重的 | |
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primitive
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| adj.原始的;简单的;n.原(始)人,原始事物 | |
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unemployed
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| adj.失业的,没有工作的;未动用的,闲置的 | |
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sustenance
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| n.食物,粮食;生活资料;生计 | |
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humanitarian
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| n.人道主义者,博爱者,基督凡人论者 | |
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sever
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| v.切开,割开;断绝,中断 | |
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faculties
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| n.能力( faculty的名词复数 );全体教职员;技巧;院 | |
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remunerative
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| adj.有报酬的 | |
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steamship
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| n.汽船,轮船 | |
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hydraulic
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| adj.水力的;水压的,液压的;水力学的 | |
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torpedo
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| n.水雷,地雷;v.用鱼雷破坏 | |
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domain
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| n.(活动等)领域,范围;领地,势力范围 | |
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domains
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| n.范围( domain的名词复数 );领域;版图;地产 | |
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ornament
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| v.装饰,美化;n.装饰,装饰物 | |
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mighty
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| adj.强有力的;巨大的 | |
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adorn
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| vt.使美化,装饰 | |
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solitary
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| adj.孤独的,独立的,荒凉的;n.隐士 | |
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interrogating
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| n.询问技术v.询问( interrogate的现在分词 );审问;(在计算机或其他机器上)查询 | |
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unravel
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| v.弄清楚(秘密);拆开,解开,松开 | |
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astronomer
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| n.天文学家 | |
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mathematician
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| n.数学家 | |
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isolated
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| adj.与世隔绝的 | |
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bard
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| n.吟游诗人 | |
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transcribed
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| (用不同的录音手段)转录( transcribe的过去式和过去分词 ); 改编(乐曲)(以适应他种乐器或声部); 抄写; 用音标标出(声音) | |
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swarm
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| n.(昆虫)等一大群;vi.成群飞舞;蜂拥而入 | |
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locusts
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| n.蝗虫( locust的名词复数 );贪吃的人;破坏者;槐树 | |
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brutal
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| adj.残忍的,野蛮的,不讲理的 | |
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expends
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| v.花费( expend的第三人称单数 );使用(钱等)做某事;用光;耗尽 | |
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diffusion
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| n.流布;普及;散漫 | |
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wrought
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| v.引起;以…原料制作;运转;adj.制造的 | |
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inflict
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| vt.(on)把…强加给,使遭受,使承担 | |
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strenuously
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| adv.奋发地,费力地 | |
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unduly
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| adv.过度地,不适当地 | |
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morbid
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| adj.病的;致病的;病态的;可怕的 | |
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parasitic
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| adj.寄生的 | |
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compendious
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| adj.简要的,精简的 | |
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looms
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| n.织布机( loom的名词复数 )v.隐约出现,阴森地逼近( loom的第三人称单数 );隐约出现,阴森地逼近 | |
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miller
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| n.磨坊主 | |
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viands
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| n.食品,食物 | |
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standing
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| n.持续,地位;adj.永久的,不动的,直立的,不流动的 | |
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morsels
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| n.一口( morsel的名词复数 );(尤指食物)小块,碎屑 | |
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rosy
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| adj.美好的,乐观的,玫瑰色的 | |
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antiquated
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| adj.陈旧的,过时的 | |
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minor
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| adj.较小(少)的,较次要的;n.辅修学科;vi.辅修 | |
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supplanted
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| 把…排挤掉,取代( supplant的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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helping
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| n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的,辅助的 | |
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contraction
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| n.缩略词,缩写式,害病 | |
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confirmation
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| n.证实,确认,批准 | |
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joint
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| adj.联合的,共同的;n.关节,接合处;v.连接,贴合 | |
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quack
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| n.庸医;江湖医生;冒充内行的人;骗子 | |
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disport
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| v.嬉戏,玩 | |
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quacking
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| v.(鸭子)发出嘎嘎声( quack的现在分词 ) | |
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instructor
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| n.指导者,教员,教练 | |
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qualified
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| adj.合格的,有资格的,胜任的,有限制的 | |
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instructors
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| 指导者,教师( instructor的名词复数 ) | |
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maternal
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| adj.母亲的,母亲般的,母系的,母方的 | |
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incompetent
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| adj.无能力的,不能胜任的 | |
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radically
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| ad.根本地,本质地 | |
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persistent
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| adj.坚持不懈的,执意的;持续的 | |
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surgical
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| adj.外科的,外科医生的,手术上的 | |
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infancy
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| n.婴儿期;幼年期;初期 | |
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pestilence
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| n.瘟疫 | |
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recurrence
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| n.复发,反复,重现 | |
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dwindle
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| v.逐渐变小(或减少) | |
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goodwill
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| n.善意,亲善,信誉,声誉 | |
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prolific
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| adj.丰富的,大量的;多产的,富有创造力的 | |
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tribal
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| adj.部族的,种族的 | |
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outweighs
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| v.在重量上超过( outweigh的第三人称单数 );在重要性或价值方面超过 | |
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incessant
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| adj.不停的,连续的 | |
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esteemed
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| adj.受人尊敬的v.尊敬( esteem的过去式和过去分词 );敬重;认为;以为 | |
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savagery
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| n.野性 | |
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sanitary
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| adj.卫生方面的,卫生的,清洁的,卫生的 | |
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diminution
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| n.减少;变小 | |
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extinction
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| n.熄灭,消亡,消灭,灭绝,绝种 | |
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brute
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| n.野兽,兽性 | |
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imperative
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| n.命令,需要;规则;祈使语气;adj.强制的;紧急的 | |
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sanitation
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| n.公共卫生,环境卫生,卫生设备 | |
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desolating
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| 毁坏( desolate的现在分词 ); 极大地破坏; 使沮丧; 使痛苦 | |
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partially
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| adv.部分地,从某些方面讲 | |
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protract
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| v.延长,拖长 | |
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vitality
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| n.活力,生命力,效力 | |
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lessens
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| 变少( lessen的第三人称单数 ); 减少(某事物) | |
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draught
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| n.拉,牵引,拖;一网(饮,吸,阵);顿服药量,通风;v.起草,设计 | |
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complexities
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| 复杂性(complexity的名词复数); 复杂的事物 | |
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unlimited
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| adj.无限的,不受控制的,无条件的 | |
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fecundity
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| n.生产力;丰富 | |
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disastrous
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| adj.灾难性的,造成灾害的;极坏的,很糟的 | |
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nourishment
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| n.食物,营养品;营养情况 | |
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deterioration
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| n.退化;恶化;变坏 | |
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guardians
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| 监护人( guardian的名词复数 ); 保护者,维护者 | |
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honourable
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| adj.可敬的;荣誉的,光荣的 | |
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malediction
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| n.诅咒 | |
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blessing
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| n.祈神赐福;祷告;祝福,祝愿 | |
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permissible
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| adj.可允许的,许可的 | |
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quaintly
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| adv.古怪离奇地 | |
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illustrated
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| adj. 有插图的,列举的 动词illustrate的过去式和过去分词 | |
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inquiry
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| n.打听,询问,调查,查问 | |
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complacently
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| adv. 满足地, 自满地, 沾沾自喜地 | |
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magistrate
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| n.地方行政官,地方法官,治安官 | |
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inflicted
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| 把…强加给,使承受,遭受( inflict的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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undoubtedly
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| adv.确实地,无疑地 | |
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brutally
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| adv.残忍地,野蛮地,冷酷无情地 | |
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negate
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| vt.否定,否认;取消,使无效 | |
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precluded
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| v.阻止( preclude的过去式和过去分词 );排除;妨碍;使…行不通 | |
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impartiality
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| n. 公平, 无私, 不偏 | |
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vaguely
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| adv.含糊地,暖昧地 | |
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passionate
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| adj.热情的,热烈的,激昂的,易动情的,易怒的,性情暴躁的 | |
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resuscitated
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| v.使(某人或某物)恢复知觉,苏醒( resuscitate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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virile
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| adj.男性的;有男性生殖力的;有男子气概的;强有力的 | |
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上一章:
Introduction.
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