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Chapter V. Sex Differences.
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If we examine the physical phenomenon of sex as it manifests itself in the human creature, we find, in the first stages of the individual’s existence, no difference discernible, by any means we have at present at our command, between those germs which are ultimately to become male or female. Later, in the foetal life, at birth, and through infancy1 though the organs of sex serve to distinguish the male from the female, there is in the general structure and working of the organism little or nothing to divide the sexes.
Even when puberty is reached, with its enormous development of sexual and reproductive activity modifying those parts of the organism with which it is concerned, and producing certain secondary sexual characteristics, there yet remains2 the major extent of the human body and of physical function little, or not at all, affected3 by sex modification4. The eye, the ear, the sense of touch, the general organs of nutrition and respiration5 and volition6 are in the main identical, and often differ far more in persons of the same sex than in those of opposite sexes; and even on the dissecting-table the tissues of the male and female are often wholly indistinguishable.
It is when we consider the reproductive organs themselves and their forms of activity, and such parts of the organism modified directly in relation to them, that a real and important difference is found to exist, radical7 though absolutely complemental8. It is exactly as we approach the reproductive functions that the male and female bodies differ; exactly as we recede9 from them that they become more and more similar, and even absolutely identical. Taking the eye, perhaps the most highly developed, complex organ in the body, and, if of an organ the term may be allowed, the most intellectual organ of sense, we find it remains the same in male and female in structure, in appearance, and in function throughout life; while the breast, closely connected with reproduction, though absolutely identical in both forms in infancy, assumes a widely different
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1
infancy
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| n.婴儿期;幼年期;初期 | |
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remains
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| n.剩余物,残留物;遗体,遗迹 | |
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affected
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| adj.不自然的,假装的 | |
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modification
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| n.修改,改进,缓和,减轻 | |
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respiration
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| n.呼吸作用;一次呼吸;植物光合作用 | |
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volition
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| n.意志;决意 | |
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radical
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| n.激进份子,原子团,根号;adj.根本的,激进的,彻底的 | |
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complemental
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| 补足的,补充的 | |
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recede
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| vi.退(去),渐渐远去;向后倾斜,缩进 | |
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organisation
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| n.组织,安排,团体,有机休 | |
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psychic
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| n.对超自然力敏感的人;adj.有超自然力的 | |
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analogous
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| adj.相似的;类似的 | |
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undoubtedly
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| adv.确实地,无疑地 | |
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interdicted
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| v.禁止(行动)( interdict的过去式和过去分词 );禁用;限制 | |
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fully
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| adv.完全地,全部地,彻底地;充分地 | |
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illustrated
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| adj. 有插图的,列举的 动词illustrate的过去式和过去分词 | |
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rigid
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| adj.严格的,死板的;刚硬的,僵硬的 | |
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purely
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| adv.纯粹地,完全地 | |
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ornaments
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| n.装饰( ornament的名词复数 );点缀;装饰品;首饰v.装饰,点缀,美化( ornament的第三人称单数 ) | |
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attiring
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| v.使穿上衣服,使穿上盛装( attire的现在分词 ) | |
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adorning
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| 修饰,装饰物 | |
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savage
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| adj.野蛮的;凶恶的,残暴的;n.未开化的人 | |
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savages
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| 未开化的人,野蛮人( savage的名词复数 ) | |
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prerogative
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| n.特权 | |
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attired
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| adj.穿着整齐的v.使穿上衣服,使穿上盛装( attire的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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attire
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| v.穿衣,装扮[同]array;n.衣着;盛装 | |
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ornamented
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| adj.花式字体的v.装饰,点缀,美化( ornament的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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imposing
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| adj.使人难忘的,壮丽的,堂皇的,雄伟的 | |
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beads
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| n.(空心)小珠子( bead的名词复数 );水珠;珠子项链 | |
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wigs
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| n.假发,法官帽( wig的名词复数 ) | |
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ruffles
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| 褶裥花边( ruffle的名词复数 ) | |
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cuffs
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| n.袖口( cuff的名词复数 )v.掌打,拳打( cuff的第三人称单数 ) | |
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buckles
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| 搭扣,扣环( buckle的名词复数 ) | |
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adornment
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| n.装饰;装饰品 | |
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parasitic
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| adj.寄生的 | |
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meretricious
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| adj.华而不实的,俗艳的 | |
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parasitism
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| n.寄生状态,寄生病;寄生性 | |
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parasite
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| n.寄生虫;寄生菌;食客 | |
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grotesque
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| adj.怪诞的,丑陋的;n.怪诞的图案,怪人(物) | |
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abstain
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| v.自制,戒绝,弃权,避免 | |
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impeding
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| a.(尤指坏事)即将发生的,临近的 | |
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pugnacious
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| adj.好斗的 | |
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allied
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| adj.协约国的;同盟国的 | |
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strictly
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| adv.严厉地,严格地;严密地 | |
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solicitude
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| n.焦虑 | |
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ostrich
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| n.鸵鸟 | |
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fixed
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| adj.固定的,不变的,准备好的;(计算机)固定的 | |
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passionate
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| adj.热情的,热烈的,激昂的,易动情的,易怒的,性情暴躁的 | |
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kapok
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| n.木棉 | |
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cape
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| n.海角,岬;披肩,短披风 | |
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fluffy
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| adj.有绒毛的,空洞的 | |
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manifestation
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| n.表现形式;表明;现象 | |
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manifestations
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| n.表示,显示(manifestation的复数形式) | |
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harmonious
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| adj.和睦的,调和的,和谐的,协调的 | |
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poetical
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| adj.似诗人的;诗一般的;韵文的;富有诗意的 | |
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tempting
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| a.诱人的, 吸引人的 | |
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morsel
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| n.一口,一点点 | |
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combative
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| adj.好战的;好斗的 | |
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pugnacity
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| n.好斗,好战 | |
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psychically
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| adv.精神上 | |
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intensity
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| n.强烈,剧烈;强度;烈度 | |
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anguished
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| adj.极其痛苦的v.使极度痛苦(anguish的过去式) | |
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aptitudes
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| (学习方面的)才能,资质,天资( aptitude的名词复数 ) | |
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begot
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| v.为…之生父( beget的过去式 );产生,引起 | |
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enjoyment
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| n.乐趣;享有;享用 | |
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begets
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| v.为…之生父( beget的第三人称单数 );产生,引起 | |
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beget
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| v.引起;产生 | |
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sensational
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| adj.使人感动的,非常好的,轰动的,耸人听闻的 | |
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primitive
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| adj.原始的;简单的;n.原(始)人,原始事物 | |
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phenomena
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| n.现象 | |
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incarnate
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| adj.化身的,人体化的,肉色的 | |
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attains
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| (通常经过努力)实现( attain的第三人称单数 ); 达到; 获得; 达到(某年龄、水平、状况) | |
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maturity
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| n.成熟;完成;(支票、债券等)到期 | |
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divergence
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| n.分歧,岔开 | |
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impersonal
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| adj.无个人感情的,与个人无关的,非人称的 | |
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injustice
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| n.非正义,不公正,不公平,侵犯(别人的)权利 | |
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radically
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| ad.根本地,本质地 | |
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dealing
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| n.经商方法,待人态度 | |
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legislative
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| n.立法机构,立法权;adj.立法的,有立法权的 | |
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exonerates
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| n.免罪,免除( exonerate的名词复数 )v.使免罪,免除( exonerate的第三人称单数 ) | |
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virtues
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| 美德( virtue的名词复数 ); 德行; 优点; 长处 | |
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lawful
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| adj.法律许可的,守法的,合法的 | |
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linens
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| n.亚麻布( linen的名词复数 );家庭日用织品 | |
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indifference
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| n.不感兴趣,不关心,冷淡,不在乎 | |
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licentious
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| adj.放纵的,淫乱的 | |
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binds
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| v.约束( bind的第三人称单数 );装订;捆绑;(用长布条)缠绕 | |
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solely
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| adv.仅仅,唯一地 | |
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toil
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| vi.辛劳工作,艰难地行动;n.苦工,难事 | |
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determined
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| adj.坚定的;有决心的 | |
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begetter
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| n.生产者,父 | |
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