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CHAPTER XV
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ROXBURGHSHIRE
MELROSE: KELSO: JEDBURGH
MELROSE (Cistercian)
635, Monastery1 founded—839, Destroyed by Kenneth MacAlpine—1136, Re-founded by David I.—1322, Stormed by 300 men sent by Edward II.—The prior slain—Part of the building set on fire by Richard II.—1322-1505, The abbey slowly rebuilt—1544, Sir B. Layton, Sir R. Eure, and the Earl of Hertford injure this religious house—1545, The abbey again sacked and burnt by these men—1618, Nave2 rudely vaulted3 afresh—1649, Attacked by a Presbyterian mob—1822, Restored by Duke of Buccleuch.
BY moonlight or starless dark, by dusk or full daylight, Melrose Abbey is a thing of beauty and romance. Built on the site of an ancient Columban monastery, the abbey, colonised by monks4 from Lindisfarne, flourished until the Reformers, instigated5 by John Knox, demolished6 it with many other religious houses.
The remains7 of this most beautiful structure of the Scottish Middle Ages are considerable, and demonstrate the former architectural beauties of the abbey. They consist of parts of the church and cloister8. Of the former three bays of the nave, eight small chapels10, with elegant traceried windows to the south of the south aisle11, a portion of the central tower, and the transepts of the choir12 remain. Many architectural styles are shown, and a curious
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1
monastery
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| n.修道院,僧院,寺院 | |
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nave
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| n.教堂的中部;本堂 | |
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vaulted
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| adj.拱状的 | |
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monks
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| n.修道士,僧侣( monk的名词复数 ) | |
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instigated
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| v.使(某事物)开始或发生,鼓动( instigate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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demolished
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| v.摧毁( demolish的过去式和过去分词 );推翻;拆毁(尤指大建筑物);吃光 | |
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remains
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| n.剩余物,残留物;遗体,遗迹 | |
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cloister
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| n.修道院;v.隐退,使与世隔绝 | |
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chapel
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| n.小教堂,殡仪馆 | |
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chapels
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| n.小教堂, (医院、监狱等的)附属礼拜堂( chapel的名词复数 );(在小教堂和附属礼拜堂举行的)礼拜仪式 | |
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aisle
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| n.(教堂、教室、戏院等里的)过道,通道 | |
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choir
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| n.唱诗班,唱诗班的席位,合唱团,舞蹈团;v.合唱 | |
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mingling
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| adj.混合的 | |
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aisles
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| n. (席位间的)通道, 侧廊 | |
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remarkably
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| ad.不同寻常地,相当地 | |
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perpendicular
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| adj.垂直的,直立的;n.垂直线,垂直的位置 | |
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vaulting
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| n.(天花板或屋顶的)拱形结构 | |
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edifice
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| n.宏伟的建筑物(如宫殿,教室) | |
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interred
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| v.埋,葬( inter的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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carving
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| n.雕刻品,雕花 | |
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exquisite
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| adj.精美的;敏锐的;剧烈的,感觉强烈的 | |
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bishop
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| n.主教,(国际象棋)象 | |
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brotherhood
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| n.兄弟般的关系,手中情谊 | |
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persuasion
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| n.劝说;说服;持有某种信仰的宗派 | |
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countenance
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| n.脸色,面容;面部表情;vt.支持,赞同 | |
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concealed
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| a.隐藏的,隐蔽的 | |
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atoned
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| v.补偿,赎(罪)( atone的过去式和过去分词 );补偿,弥补,赎回 | |
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penance
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| n.(赎罪的)惩罪 | |
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enjoined
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| v.命令( enjoin的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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retired
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| adj.隐退的,退休的,退役的 | |
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recluse
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| n.隐居者 | |
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shroud
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| n.裹尸布,寿衣;罩,幕;vt.覆盖,隐藏 | |
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relic
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| n.神圣的遗物,遗迹,纪念物 | |
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relics
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| [pl.]n.遗物,遗迹,遗产;遗体,尸骸 | |
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humble
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| adj.谦卑的,恭顺的;地位低下的;v.降低,贬低 | |
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citadel
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| n.城堡;堡垒;避难所 | |
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prospered
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| 成功,兴旺( prosper的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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desolate
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| adj.荒凉的,荒芜的;孤独的,凄凉的;v.使荒芜,使孤寂 | |
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dire
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| adj.可怕的,悲惨的,阴惨的,极端的 | |
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mighty
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| adj.强有力的;巨大的 | |
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edifices
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| n.大建筑物( edifice的名词复数 ) | |
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prey
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| n.被掠食者,牺牲者,掠食;v.捕食,掠夺,折磨 | |
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thrifty
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| adj.节俭的;兴旺的;健壮的 | |
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proximity
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| n.接近,邻近 | |
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dwellings
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| n.住处,处所( dwelling的名词复数 ) | |
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hideous
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| adj.丑陋的,可憎的,可怕的,恐怖的 | |
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spouse
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| n.配偶(指夫或妻) | |
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loomed
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| v.隐约出现,阴森地逼近( loom的过去式和过去分词 );隐约出现,阴森地逼近 | |
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adorned
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| [计]被修饰的 | |
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buttress
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| n.支撑物;v.支持 | |
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pinnacle
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| n.尖塔,尖顶,山峰;(喻)顶峰 | |
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inscriptions
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| (作者)题词( inscription的名词复数 ); 献词; 碑文; 证劵持有人的登记 | |
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abbreviated
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| adj. 简短的,省略的 动词abbreviate的过去式和过去分词 | |
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scrolls
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| n.(常用于录写正式文件的)纸卷( scroll的名词复数 );卷轴;涡卷形(装饰);卷形花纹v.(电脑屏幕上)从上到下移动(资料等),卷页( scroll的第三人称单数 );(似卷轴般)卷起;(像展开卷轴般地)将文字显示于屏幕 | |
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mediator
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| n.调解人,中介人 | |
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swell
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| vi.膨胀,肿胀;增长,增强 | |
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standing
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| n.持续,地位;adj.永久的,不动的,直立的,不流动的 | |
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picturesque
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| adj.美丽如画的,(语言)生动的,绘声绘色的 | |
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situated
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| adj.坐落在...的,处于某种境地的 | |
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confluence
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| n.汇合,聚集 | |
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pillage
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| v.抢劫;掠夺;n.抢劫,掠夺;掠夺物 | |
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buttresses
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| n.扶壁,扶垛( buttress的名词复数 )v.用扶壁支撑,加固( buttress的第三人称单数 ) | |
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turrets
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| (六角)转台( turret的名词复数 ); (战舰和坦克等上的)转动炮塔; (摄影机等上的)镜头转台; (旧时攻城用的)塔车 | |
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simplicity
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| n.简单,简易;朴素;直率,单纯 | |
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foliage
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| n.叶子,树叶,簇叶 | |
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warfare
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| n.战争(状态);斗争;冲突 | |
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repulsing
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| v.击退( repulse的现在分词 );驳斥;拒绝 | |
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defenders
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| n.防御者( defender的名词复数 );守卫者;保护者;辩护者 | |
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slaughtered
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| v.屠杀,杀戮,屠宰( slaughter的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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doughty
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| adj.勇猛的,坚强的 | |
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celebrated
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| adj.有名的,声誉卓著的 | |
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disperses
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| v.(使)分散( disperse的第三人称单数 );疏散;驱散;散布 | |
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scotch
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| n.伤口,刻痕;苏格兰威士忌酒;v.粉碎,消灭,阻止;adj.苏格兰(人)的 | |
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noted
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| adj.著名的,知名的 | |
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eminences
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| 卓越( eminence的名词复数 ); 著名; 高地; 山丘 | |
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contraband
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| n.违禁品,走私品 | |
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excise
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| n.(国产)货物税;vt.切除,删去 | |
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possessed
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| adj.疯狂的;拥有的,占有的 | |
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gaol
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| n.(jail)监狱;(不加冠词)监禁;vt.使…坐牢 | |
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fabric
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| n.织物,织品,布;构造,结构,组织 | |
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arcade
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| n.拱廊;(一侧或两侧有商店的)通道 | |
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doorways
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| n.门口,门道( doorway的名词复数 ) | |
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carvings
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| n.雕刻( carving的名词复数 );雕刻术;雕刻品;雕刻物 | |
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specimen
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| n.样本,标本 | |
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exquisitely
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| adv.精致地;强烈地;剧烈地;异常地 | |
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wrought
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| v.引起;以…原料制作;运转;adj.制造的 | |
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decorative
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| adj.装饰的,可作装饰的 | |
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technically
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| adv.专门地,技术上地 | |
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constable
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| n.(英国)警察,警官 | |
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ravager
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| 破坏者 | |
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acting
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| n.演戏,行为,假装;adj.代理的,临时的,演出用的 | |
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reign
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| n.统治时期,统治,支配,盛行;v.占优势 | |
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steadily
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| adv.稳定地;不变地;持续地 | |
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lawsuits
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| n.诉讼( lawsuit的名词复数 ) | |
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degradation
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| n.降级;低落;退化;陵削;降解;衰变 | |
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dignified
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| a.可敬的,高贵的 | |
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honourable
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| adj.可敬的;荣誉的,光荣的 | |
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custody
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| n.监护,照看,羁押,拘留 | |
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CHAPTER XVI
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