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XIV UNITY OF MASS
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What has been said about unity1 of line applies obviously to the outlines bounding the masses, so that we need not say anything further on that subject. The particular quality of which something should be said, is the unity that is given to a picture by means of a well-arranged and rhythmically2 considered scheme of tone values.
The modifications4 in the relative tone values of objects seen under different aspects of light and atmosphere are infinite and ever varying; and this is quite a special study in itself. Nature is the great teacher here, her tone arrangements always possessing unity. How kind to the eye is her attempt to cover the ugliness of our great towns in an envelope of atmosphere, giving the most wonderful tone symphonies; thus using man's desecration5 of her air by smoke to cover up his other desecration of her country-side, a manufacturing town. This study of values is a distinguishing feature of modern art.
But schemes taken from nature are not the only harmonious6 ones. The older masters were content with one or two well-tried arrangements of tone in their pictures, which were often not at all true to natural appearances but nevertheless harmonious. The chief instance of this is the low-toned sky. The painting of flesh higher in tone than the sky was 201almost universal at many periods of art, and in portraits is still often seen. Yet it is only in strong sunlight that this is ever so in nature, as you can easily see by holding your hand up against a sky background. The possible exception to this rule is a dark storm-cloud, in which case your hand would have to be strongly lit by some bright light in another part of the sky to appear light against it.
This high tone of the sky is a considerable difficulty when one wishes the interest centred on the figures. The eye instinctively7 goes to the light masses in a picture, and if these masses are sky, the figures lose some importance. The fashion of lowering its tone has much to be said for it on the score of the added interest it gives to the figures. But it is apt to bring a heavy
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1
unity
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n.团结,联合,统一;和睦,协调 | |
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2
rhythmically
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adv.有节奏地 | |
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rhythmic
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adj.有节奏的,有韵律的 | |
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modifications
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n.缓和( modification的名词复数 );限制;更改;改变 | |
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desecration
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n. 亵渎神圣, 污辱 | |
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harmonious
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adj.和睦的,调和的,和谐的,协调的 | |
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instinctively
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adv.本能地 | |
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stuffy
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adj.不透气的,闷热的 | |
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frankly
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adv.坦白地,直率地;坦率地说 | |
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implicit
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a.暗示的,含蓄的,不明晰的,绝对的 | |
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twilight
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n.暮光,黄昏;暮年,晚期,衰落时期 | |
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diligently
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ad.industriously;carefully | |
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accurately
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adv.准确地,精确地 | |
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gamut
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n.全音阶,(一领域的)全部知识 | |
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lighting
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n.照明,光线的明暗,舞台灯光 | |
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relatively
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adv.比较...地,相对地 | |
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proceeding
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n.行动,进行,(pl.)会议录,学报 | |
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accentuated
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v.重读( accentuate的过去式和过去分词 );使突出;使恶化;加重音符号于 | |
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dispelled
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v.驱散,赶跑( dispel的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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streaks
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n.(与周围有所不同的)条纹( streak的名词复数 );(通常指不好的)特征(倾向);(不断经历成功或失败的)一段时期v.快速移动( streak的第三人称单数 );使布满条纹 | |
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lurid
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adj.可怕的;血红的;苍白的 | |
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rendering
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n.表现,描写 | |
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contemplating
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深思,细想,仔细考虑( contemplate的现在分词 ); 注视,凝视; 考虑接受(发生某事的可能性); 深思熟虑,沉思,苦思冥想 | |
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dilate
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vt.使膨胀,使扩大 | |
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entirely
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ad.全部地,完整地;完全地,彻底地 | |
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simplicity
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n.简单,简易;朴素;直率,单纯 | |
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derive
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v.取得;导出;引申;来自;源自;出自 | |
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insistence
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n.坚持;强调;坚决主张 | |
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vertical
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adj.垂直的,顶点的,纵向的;n.垂直物,垂直的位置 | |
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mar
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vt.破坏,毁坏,弄糟 | |
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expenditure
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n.(时间、劳力、金钱等)支出;使用,消耗 | |
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permissible
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adj.可允许的,许可的 | |
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interfered
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v.干预( interfere的过去式和过去分词 );调停;妨碍;干涉 | |
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complexity
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n.复杂(性),复杂的事物 | |
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expressive
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adj.表现的,表达…的,富于表情的 | |
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illustrated
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adj. 有插图的,列举的 动词illustrate的过去式和过去分词 | |
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elimination
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n.排除,消除,消灭 | |
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repose
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v.(使)休息;n.安息 | |
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touching
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adj.动人的,使人感伤的 | |
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infinity
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n.无限,无穷,大量 | |
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waning
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adj.(月亮)渐亏的,逐渐减弱或变小的n.月亏v.衰落( wane的现在分词 );(月)亏;变小;变暗淡 | |
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graceful
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adj.优美的,优雅的;得体的 | |
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alluring
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adj.吸引人的,迷人的 | |
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delightful
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adj.令人高兴的,使人快乐的 | |
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crescendo
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n.(音乐)渐强,高潮 | |
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primitive
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adj.原始的;简单的;n.原(始)人,原始事物 | |
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austere
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adj.艰苦的;朴素的,朴实无华的;严峻的 | |
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accomplishment
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n.完成,成就,(pl.)造诣,技能 | |
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degenerating
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衰退,堕落,退化( degenerate的现在分词 ) | |
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drawn
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v.拖,拉,拔出;adj.憔悴的,紧张的 | |
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bent
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n.爱好,癖好;adj.弯的;决心的,一心的 | |
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incessant
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adj.不停的,连续的 | |
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followers
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追随者( follower的名词复数 ); 用户; 契据的附面; 从动件 | |
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motive
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n.动机,目的;adv.发动的,运动的 | |
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clatter
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v./n.(使)发出连续而清脆的撞击声 | |
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lighter
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n.打火机,点火器;驳船;v.用驳船运送;light的比较级 | |
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flux
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n.流动;不断的改变 | |
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charcoal
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n.炭,木炭,生物炭 | |
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scribble
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v.潦草地书写,乱写,滥写;n.潦草的写法,潦草写成的东西,杂文 | |
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illustrating
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给…加插图( illustrate的现在分词 ); 说明; 表明; (用示例、图画等)说明 | |
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deriding
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v.取笑,嘲笑( deride的现在分词 ) | |
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attained
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(通常经过努力)实现( attain的过去式和过去分词 ); 达到; 获得; 达到(某年龄、水平、状况) | |
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prows
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n.船首( prow的名词复数 ) | |
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merge
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v.(使)结合,(使)合并,(使)合为一体 | |
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oars
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n.桨,橹( oar的名词复数 );划手v.划(行)( oar的第三人称单数 ) | |
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silhouetted
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显出轮廓的,显示影像的 | |
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disposition
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n.性情,性格;意向,倾向;排列,部署 | |
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tabulated
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把(数字、事实)列成表( tabulate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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pictorial
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adj.绘画的;图片的;n.画报 | |
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mere
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adj.纯粹的;仅仅,只不过 | |
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fumbled
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(笨拙地)摸索或处理(某事物)( fumble的过去式和过去分词 ); 乱摸,笨拙地弄; 使落下 | |
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sufficiently
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adv.足够地,充分地 | |
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justify
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vt.证明…正当(或有理),为…辩护 | |
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germination
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n.萌芽,发生;萌发;生芽;催芽 | |
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artistic
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adj.艺术(家)的,美术(家)的;善于艺术创作的 | |
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transgressing
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v.超越( transgress的现在分词 );越过;违反;违背 | |
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systematic
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adj.有系统的,有计划的,有方法的 | |
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faculties
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n.能力( faculty的名词复数 );全体教职员;技巧;院 | |
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artifice
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n.妙计,高明的手段;狡诈,诡计 | |
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concealed
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a.隐藏的,隐蔽的 | |
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vitality
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n.活力,生命力,效力 | |
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renderings
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n.(戏剧或乐曲的)演奏( rendering的名词复数 );扮演;表演;翻译作品 | |
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concealment
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n.隐藏, 掩盖,隐瞒 | |
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futile
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adj.无效的,无用的,无希望的 | |
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quenched
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解(渴)( quench的过去式和过去分词 ); 终止(某事物); (用水)扑灭(火焰等); 将(热物体)放入水中急速冷却 | |
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enervating
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v.使衰弱,使失去活力( enervate的现在分词 ) | |
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stifle
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vt.使窒息;闷死;扼杀;抑止,阻止 | |
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XIII VARIETY OF MASS
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XV BALANCE
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