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XVII PORTRAIT DRAWING
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There is something in every individual that is likely for a long time to defy the analysis of science. When you have summed up the total of atoms or electrons or whatever it is that goes to the making of the tissues and also the innumerable complex functions performed by the different parts, you have not yet got on the track of the individual that governs the whole performance. The effect of this personality on the outward form, and the influence it has in modifying the aspect of body and features, are the things that concern the portrait draughtsman: the seizing on and expressing forcefully the individual character of the sitter, as expressed by his outward appearance.
This character expression in form has been thought to be somewhat antagonistic1 to beauty, and many sitters are shy of the particular characteristics of their own features. The fashionable photographer, knowing this, carefully stipples2 out of his negative any striking characteristics in the form of his sitter the negative may show. But judging by the result, it is doubtful whether any beauty has been gained, and certain that interest and vitality3 have been lost in the process. Whatever may be the nature of beauty, it is obvious that what makes one object more beautiful than another 240is something that is characteristic of the appearance of the one and not of the other: so that some close study of individual characteristics must be the aim of the artist who would seek to express beauty, as well as the artist who seeks the expression of character and professes4 no interest in beauty.
Catching5 the likeness6, as it is called, is simply seizing on the essential things that belong only to a particular individual and differentiate7 that individual from others, and expressing them in a forceful manner. There are certain things that are common to the whole species, likeness to a common type; the individual likeness is not in this direction but at the opposite pole to it.
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1
antagonistic
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adj.敌对的 | |
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2
stipples
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v.加点、绘斑,加粒( stipple的第三人称单数 );(把油漆、水泥等的表面)弄粗糙 | |
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3
vitality
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n.活力,生命力,效力 | |
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4
professes
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声称( profess的第三人称单数 ); 宣称; 公开表明; 信奉 | |
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catching
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adj.易传染的,有魅力的,迷人的,接住 | |
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6
likeness
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n.相像,相似(之处) | |
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differentiate
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vi.(between)区分;vt.区别;使不同 | |
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8
remarkable
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adj.显著的,异常的,非凡的,值得注意的 | |
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mar
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vt.破坏,毁坏,弄糟 | |
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10
subtlety
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n.微妙,敏锐,精巧;微妙之处,细微的区别 | |
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appreciation
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n.评价;欣赏;感谢;领会,理解;价格上涨 | |
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12
possessed
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adj.疯狂的;拥有的,占有的 | |
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13
considerably
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adv.极大地;相当大地;在很大程度上 | |
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recollected
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adj.冷静的;镇定的;被回忆起的;沉思默想的v.记起,想起( recollect的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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component
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n.组成部分,成分,元件;adj.组成的,合成的 | |
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drawn
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v.拖,拉,拔出;adj.憔悴的,紧张的 | |
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solely
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adv.仅仅,唯一地 | |
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disposition
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n.性情,性格;意向,倾向;排列,部署 | |
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differentiation
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n.区别,区分 | |
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20
necessitate
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v.使成为必要,需要 | |
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21
skull
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n.头骨;颅骨 | |
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22
noted
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adj.著名的,知名的 | |
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relatively
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adv.比较...地,相对地 | |
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postpone
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v.延期,推迟 | |
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portraiture
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n.肖像画法 | |
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faculty
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n.才能;学院,系;(学院或系的)全体教学人员 | |
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beholder
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n.观看者,旁观者 | |
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thoroughly
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adv.完全地,彻底地,十足地 | |
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instinctively
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adv.本能地 | |
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expressive
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adj.表现的,表达…的,富于表情的 | |
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habitual
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adj.习惯性的;通常的,惯常的 | |
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bent
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n.爱好,癖好;adj.弯的;决心的,一心的 | |
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diplomacy
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n.外交;外交手腕,交际手腕 | |
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conversational
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adj.对话的,会话的 | |
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stimulated
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a.刺激的 | |
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portrayal
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n.饰演;描画 | |
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awakens
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v.(使)醒( awaken的第三人称单数 );(使)觉醒;弄醒;(使)意识到 | |
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repose
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v.(使)休息;n.安息 | |
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craftsman
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n.技工,精于一门工艺的匠人 | |
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virtuosity
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n.精湛技巧 | |
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mellowed
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(使)成熟( mellow的过去式和过去分词 ); 使色彩更加柔和,使酒更加醇香 | |
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vigour
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(=vigor)n.智力,体力,精力 | |
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smoothly
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adv.平滑地,顺利地,流利地,流畅地 | |
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exterior
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adj.外部的,外在的;表面的 | |
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judgments
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判断( judgment的名词复数 ); 鉴定; 评价; 审判 | |
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distinguished
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adj.卓越的,杰出的,著名的 | |
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subtleties
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细微( subtlety的名词复数 ); 精细; 巧妙; 细微的差别等 | |
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lesser
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adj.次要的,较小的;adv.较小地,较少地 | |
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elusive
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adj.难以表达(捉摸)的;令人困惑的;逃避的 | |
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artistic
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adj.艺术(家)的,美术(家)的;善于艺术创作的 | |
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rivet
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n.铆钉;vt.铆接,铆牢;集中(目光或注意力) | |
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stimulus
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n.刺激,刺激物,促进因素,引起兴奋的事物 | |
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wrought
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v.引起;以…原料制作;运转;adj.制造的 | |
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deliberately
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adv.审慎地;蓄意地;故意地 | |
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dictates
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n.命令,规定,要求( dictate的名词复数 )v.大声讲或读( dictate的第三人称单数 );口授;支配;摆布 | |
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56
severely
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adv.严格地;严厉地;非常恶劣地 | |
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watts
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(电力计量单位)瓦,瓦特( watt的名词复数 ) | |
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casually
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adv.漠不关心地,无动于衷地,不负责任地 | |
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fiery
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adj.燃烧着的,火红的;暴躁的;激烈的 | |
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zeal
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n.热心,热情,热忱 | |
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motive
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n.动机,目的;adv.发动的,运动的 | |
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obtrude
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v.闯入;侵入;打扰 | |
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decorative
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adj.装饰的,可作装饰的 | |
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symbolic
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adj.象征性的,符号的,象征主义的 | |
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permissible
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adj.可允许的,许可的 | |
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incompatible
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adj.不相容的,不协调的,不相配的 | |
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momentary
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adj.片刻的,瞬息的;短暂的 | |
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uncommon
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adj.罕见的,非凡的,不平常的 | |
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fixed
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adj.固定的,不变的,准备好的;(计算机)固定的 | |
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scribbled
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v.潦草的书写( scribble的过去式和过去分词 );乱画;草草地写;匆匆记下 | |
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consummate
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adj.完美的;v.成婚;使完美 [反]baffle | |
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disturbances
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n.骚乱( disturbance的名词复数 );打扰;困扰;障碍 | |
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pall
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v.覆盖,使平淡无味;n.柩衣,棺罩;棺材;帷幕 | |
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contraction
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n.缩略词,缩写式,害病 | |
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varied
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adj.多样的,多变化的 | |
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pictorial
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adj.绘画的;图片的;n.画报 | |
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piquant
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adj.辛辣的,开胃的,令人兴奋的 | |
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modish
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adj.流行的,时髦的 | |
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transmuting
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v.使变形,使变质,把…变成…( transmute的现在分词 ) | |
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justify
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vt.证明…正当(或有理),为…辩护 | |
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dressing
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n.(食物)调料;包扎伤口的用品,敷料 | |
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texture
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n.(织物)质地;(材料)构造;结构;肌理 | |
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eminent
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adj.显赫的,杰出的,有名的,优良的 | |
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sculptor
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n.雕刻家,雕刻家 | |
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