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INTRODUCTION.
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The origin of Menageries dates from the most remote antiquity1. Their existence may be traced even in the obscure traditions of the fabulous2 ages, when the contests of the barbarian3 leader with his fellow-men were relieved by exploits in the chase scarcely less adventurous4, and when the monster-queller was held in equal estimation with the warrior-chief. The spoils of the chase were treasured up in common with the trophies5 of the fight; and the captive brute6 occupied his station by the side of the vanquished7 hero. It was soon discovered that the den8 and the dungeon9 were not the only places in which this link of connexion might be advantageously preserved, and the strength and ferocity of the forest beast were found to be available as useful auxiliaries10 even in the battle-field. The only difficulty to be surmounted11 in the application of this new species of brute force to the rude conflicts of the times consisted in giving to it the wished-for direction; and for this purpose it was necessary that the animals to be so employed should be confined in what may be considered as a kind of Menagerie, there to be rendered subservient12 to the control, and obedient to the commands, of their masters.
In the theology too of these dark ages many animals occupied a
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1
antiquity
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| n.古老;高龄;古物,古迹 | |
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fabulous
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| adj.极好的;极为巨大的;寓言中的,传说中的 | |
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barbarian
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| n.野蛮人;adj.野蛮(人)的;未开化的 | |
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adventurous
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| adj.爱冒险的;惊心动魄的,惊险的,刺激的 | |
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trophies
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| n.(为竞赛获胜者颁发的)奖品( trophy的名词复数 );奖杯;(尤指狩猎或战争中获得的)纪念品;(用于比赛或赛跑名称)奖 | |
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brute
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| n.野兽,兽性 | |
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vanquished
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| v.征服( vanquish的过去式和过去分词 );战胜;克服;抑制 | |
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den
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| n.兽穴;秘密地方;安静的小房间,私室 | |
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dungeon
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| n.地牢,土牢 | |
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auxiliaries
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| n.助动词 ( auxiliary的名词复数 );辅助工,辅助人员 | |
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surmounted
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| 战胜( surmount的过去式和过去分词 ); 克服(困难); 居于…之上; 在…顶上 | |
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subservient
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| adj.卑屈的,阿谀的 | |
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distinguished
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| adj.卓越的,杰出的,著名的 | |
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venerated
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| 敬重(某人或某事物),崇敬( venerate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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uncouth
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| adj.无教养的,粗鲁的 | |
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devoted
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| adj.忠诚的,忠实的,热心的,献身于...的 | |
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peculiarities
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| n. 特质, 特性, 怪癖, 古怪 | |
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corrupt
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| v.贿赂,收买;adj.腐败的,贪污的 | |
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perversions
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| n.歪曲( perversion的名词复数 );变坏;变态心理 | |
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fables
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| n.寓言( fable的名词复数 );神话,传说 | |
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herds
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| 兽群( herd的名词复数 ); 牧群; 人群; 群众 | |
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toils
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| 网 | |
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immediate
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| adj.立即的;直接的,最接近的;紧靠的 | |
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awakened
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| v.(使)醒( awaken的过去式和过去分词 );(使)觉醒;弄醒;(使)意识到 | |
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dormant
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| adj.暂停活动的;休眠的;潜伏的 | |
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mere
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| adj.纯粹的;仅仅,只不过 | |
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astonishment
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| n.惊奇,惊异 | |
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investigation
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| n.调查,调查研究 | |
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philosophic
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| adj.哲学的,贤明的 | |
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meditation
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| n.熟虑,(尤指宗教的)默想,沉思,(pl.)冥想录 | |
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civilized
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| a.有教养的,文雅的 | |
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conqueror
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| n.征服者,胜利者 | |
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victorious
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| adj.胜利的,得胜的 | |
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penetrated
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| adj. 击穿的,鞭辟入里的 动词penetrate的过去式和过去分词形式 | |
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entirely
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| ad.全部地,完整地;完全地,彻底地 | |
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cape
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| n.海角,岬;披肩,短披风 | |
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zoology
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| n.动物学,生态 | |
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disdain
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| n.鄙视,轻视;v.轻视,鄙视,不屑 | |
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remains
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| n.剩余物,残留物;遗体,遗迹 | |
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gloss
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| n.光泽,光滑;虚饰;注释;vt.加光泽于;掩饰 | |
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leopard
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| n.豹 | |
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leopards
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| n.豹( leopard的名词复数 );本性难移 | |
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motives
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| n.动机,目的( motive的名词复数 ) | |
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ascertain
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| vt.发现,确定,查明,弄清 | |
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ferocious
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| adj.凶猛的,残暴的,极度的,十分强烈的 | |
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condemned
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| adj. 被责难的, 被宣告有罪的 动词condemn的过去式和过去分词 | |
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consul
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| n.领事;执政官 | |
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brutal
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| adj.残忍的,野蛮的,不讲理的 | |
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esteem
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| n.尊敬,尊重;vt.尊重,敬重;把…看作 | |
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derives
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| v.得到( derive的第三人称单数 );(从…中)得到获得;源于;(从…中)提取 | |
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monstrous
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| adj.巨大的;恐怖的;可耻的,丢脸的 | |
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compilation
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| n.编译,编辑 | |
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teems
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| v.充满( teem的第三人称单数 );到处都是;(指水、雨等)暴降;倾注 | |
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naturalists
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| n.博物学家( naturalist的名词复数 );(文学艺术的)自然主义者 | |
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stationary
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| adj.固定的,静止不动的 | |
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lapse
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| n.过失,流逝,失效,抛弃信仰,间隔;vi.堕落,停止,失效,流逝;vt.使失效 | |
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lamentable
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| adj.令人惋惜的,悔恨的 | |
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eloquent
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| adj.雄辩的,口才流利的;明白显示出的 | |
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worthy
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| adj.(of)值得的,配得上的;有价值的 | |
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follower
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| n.跟随者;随员;门徒;信徒 | |
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pretensions
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| 自称( pretension的名词复数 ); 自命不凡; 要求; 权力 | |
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prerogative
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| n.特权 | |
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zoologist
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| n.动物学家 | |
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reigns
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| n.君主的统治( reign的名词复数 );君主统治时期;任期;当政期 | |
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muzzle
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| n.鼻口部;口套;枪(炮)口;vt.使缄默 | |
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writ
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| n.命令状,书面命令 | |
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lieutenant
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| n.陆军中尉,海军上尉;代理官员,副职官员 | |
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constable
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| n.(英国)警察,警官 | |
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solely
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| adv.仅仅,唯一地 | |
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literally
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| adv.照字面意义,逐字地;确实 | |
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allusion
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| n.暗示,间接提示 | |
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owls
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| n.猫头鹰( owl的名词复数 ) | |
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grizzly
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| adj.略为灰色的,呈灰色的;n.灰色大熊 | |
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judicious
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| adj.明智的,明断的,能作出明智决定的 | |
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exertions
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| n.努力( exertion的名词复数 );费力;(能力、权力等的)运用;行使 | |
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dens
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| n.牙齿,齿状部分;兽窝( den的名词复数 );窝点;休息室;书斋 | |
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drawn
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| v.拖,拉,拔出;adj.憔悴的,紧张的 | |
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thither
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| adv.向那里;adj.在那边的,对岸的 | |
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anecdotes
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| n.掌故,趣闻,轶事( anecdote的名词复数 ) | |
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antelope
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| n.羚羊;羚羊皮 | |
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delightful
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| adj.令人高兴的,使人快乐的 | |
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enumerated
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| v.列举,枚举,数( enumerate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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fidelity
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| n.忠诚,忠实;精确 | |
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applied
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| adj.应用的;v.应用,适用 | |
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imperative
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| n.命令,需要;规则;祈使语气;adj.强制的;紧急的 | |
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scrupulous
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| adj.审慎的,小心翼翼的,完全的,纯粹的 | |
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undertaking
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| n.保证,许诺,事业 | |
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fully
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| adv.完全地,全部地,彻底地;充分地 | |
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gratitude
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| adj.感激,感谢 | |
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incessant
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| adj.不停的,连续的 | |
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strictly
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| adv.严厉地,严格地;严密地 | |
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determined
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| adj.坚定的;有决心的 | |
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deviation
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| n.背离,偏离;偏差,偏向;离题 | |
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truncated
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| adj.切去顶端的,缩短了的,被删节的v.截面的( truncate的过去式和过去分词 );截头的;缩短了的;截去顶端或末端 | |
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specimen
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| n.样本,标本 | |
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accurately
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| adv.准确地,精确地 | |
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authentic
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| a.真的,真正的;可靠的,可信的,有根据的 | |
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antiquities
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| n.古老( antiquity的名词复数 );古迹;古人们;古代的风俗习惯 | |
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meritorious
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| adj.值得赞赏的 | |
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adverted
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| 引起注意(advert的过去式与过去分词形式) | |
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zealous
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| adj.狂热的,热心的 | |
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diffusion
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| n.流布;普及;散漫 | |
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auspices
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| n.资助,赞助 | |
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countenance
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| n.脸色,面容;面部表情;vt.支持,赞同 | |
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