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CHAPTER III SAXONS AND NORMANS AT WESTMINSTER
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"Cynge Harold lytel stilnesse gehed."
King Harold, like King Edward, spent much more time in London, and consequently at Westminster, than any of his predecessors1 had done, though not for the same reason. Edward was reluctant to leave the building in which he took so deep an interest; Harold, knowing full well the unsettled state of the kingdom he had to defend, held that London, "guarded alike by strong walls and the strong hearts of its citizens," was the best starting-point for any expedition he might be called on to undertake. So instead of spending the Easter Feast at Winchester, as had been a long-established custom, he came to Westminster and there assembled the Witan Gemot. He had faithfully carried out every request made to him by the dying King Edward. In every way his position was stronger than it had been three months before, and this Easter festival saw him at the zenith of his power. Suddenly a sign appeared from Heaven, which brought terror and desolation to the hearts of men. The Easter hymns2 were still being sung in the Abbey, when "the sky became ablaze3 with a mighty4 mass of flame, which some called a comet." This appearance brought about a state of panic in those days of superstition5. First one interpreter and then another stood up to declare what it might portend6, and to prophesy7 of terrible events about to be accomplished8. One and all said the same, the sword of the Lord was drawn9 by this token, and who should tell where it was destined10 to fall?
Over the seas in Normandy, William had heard in simple but sufficient language of all that had taken place at Westminster in those first days of the year 1066. A messenger, who had come on an English ship, brought the news, "King Edward has ended his days, and Earl Harold is raised to the kindom."
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1
predecessors
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n.前任( predecessor的名词复数 );前辈;(被取代的)原有事物;前身 | |
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2
hymns
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n.赞美诗,圣歌,颂歌( hymn的名词复数 ) | |
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3
ablaze
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adj.着火的,燃烧的;闪耀的,灯火辉煌的 | |
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4
mighty
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adj.强有力的;巨大的 | |
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5
superstition
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n.迷信,迷信行为 | |
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6
portend
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v.预兆,预示;给…以警告 | |
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7
prophesy
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v.预言;预示 | |
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8
accomplished
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adj.有才艺的;有造诣的;达到了的 | |
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9
drawn
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v.拖,拉,拔出;adj.憔悴的,紧张的 | |
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10
destined
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adj.命中注定的;(for)以…为目的地的 | |
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11
wrath
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n.愤怒,愤慨,暴怒 | |
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12
mantle
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n.斗篷,覆罩之物,罩子;v.罩住,覆盖,脸红 | |
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13
decided
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adj.决定了的,坚决的;明显的,明确的 | |
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14
adventurous
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adj.爱冒险的;惊心动魄的,惊险的,刺激的 | |
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15
blessing
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n.祈神赐福;祷告;祝福,祝愿 | |
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16
undertaking
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n.保证,许诺,事业 | |
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17
restiveness
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n.倔强,难以驾御 | |
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18
foe
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n.敌人,仇敌 | |
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19
enlisted
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adj.应募入伍的v.(使)入伍, (使)参军( enlist的过去式和过去分词 );获得(帮助或支持) | |
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20
warrior
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n.勇士,武士,斗士 | |
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21
victoriously
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adv.获胜地,胜利地 | |
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22
traitors
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卖国贼( traitor的名词复数 ); 叛徒; 背叛者; 背信弃义的人 | |
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23
courageous
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adj.勇敢的,有胆量的 | |
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24
utterly
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adv.完全地,绝对地 | |
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25
vanquished
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v.征服( vanquish的过去式和过去分词 );战胜;克服;抑制 | |
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26
wont
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adj.习惯于;v.习惯;n.习惯 | |
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27
generosity
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n.大度,慷慨,慷慨的行为 | |
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28
impelled
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v.推动、推进或敦促某人做某事( impel的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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29
passionate
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adj.热情的,热烈的,激昂的,易动情的,易怒的,性情暴躁的 | |
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30
patriotism
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n.爱国精神,爱国心,爱国主义 | |
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31
cloisters
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n.(学院、修道院、教堂等建筑的)走廊( cloister的名词复数 );回廊;修道院的生活;隐居v.隐退,使与世隔绝( cloister的第三人称单数 ) | |
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32
cloister
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n.修道院;v.隐退,使与世隔绝 | |
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33
monk
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n.和尚,僧侣,修道士 | |
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34
monks
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n.修道士,僧侣( monk的名词复数 ) | |
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chapel
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n.小教堂,殡仪馆 | |
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submission
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n.服从,投降;温顺,谦虚;提出 | |
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37
besought
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v.恳求,乞求(某事物)( beseech的过去式和过去分词 );(beseech的过去式与过去分词) | |
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38
scour
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v.搜索;擦,洗,腹泻,冲刷 | |
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39
subsist
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vi.生存,存在,供养 | |
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40
chamber
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n.房间,寝室;会议厅;议院;会所 | |
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41
harried
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v.使苦恼( harry的过去式和过去分词 );不断烦扰;一再袭击;侵扰 | |
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harass
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vt.使烦恼,折磨,骚扰 | |
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43
invaders
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入侵者,侵略者,侵入物( invader的名词复数 ) | |
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44
gallantly
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adv. 漂亮地,勇敢地,献殷勤地 | |
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45
subdued
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adj. 屈服的,柔和的,减弱的 动词subdue的过去式和过去分词 | |
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46
harrying
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v.使苦恼( harry的现在分词 );不断烦扰;一再袭击;侵扰 | |
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48
quailed
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害怕,发抖,畏缩( quail的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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49
conqueror
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n.征服者,胜利者 | |
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50
shameful
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adj.可耻的,不道德的 | |
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51
professed
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公开声称的,伪称的,已立誓信教的 | |
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52
peculiar
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adj.古怪的,异常的;特殊的,特有的 | |
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53
dart
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v.猛冲,投掷;n.飞镖,猛冲 | |
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54
pretence
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n.假装,作假;借口,口实;虚伪;虚饰 | |
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55
reverence
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n.敬畏,尊敬,尊严;Reverence:对某些基督教神职人员的尊称;v.尊敬,敬畏,崇敬 | |
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56
gathering
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n.集会,聚会,聚集 | |
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57
mingled
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混合,混入( mingle的过去式和过去分词 ); 混进,与…交往[联系] | |
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58
bishop
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n.主教,(国际象棋)象 | |
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59
disturbance
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n.动乱,骚动;打扰,干扰;(身心)失调 | |
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60
upwards
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adv.向上,在更高处...以上 | |
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61
solitude
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n. 孤独; 独居,荒僻之地,幽静的地方 | |
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62
deserted
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adj.荒芜的,荒废的,无人的,被遗弃的 | |
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63
gems
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growth; economy; management; and customer satisfaction 增长 | |
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64
diadem
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n.王冠,冕 | |
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65
vows
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誓言( vow的名词复数 ); 郑重宣布,许愿 | |
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66
specially
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adv.特定地;特殊地;明确地 | |
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67
tumult
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n.喧哗;激动,混乱;吵闹 | |
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68
choir
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n.唱诗班,唱诗班的席位,合唱团,舞蹈团;v.合唱 | |
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69
discreet
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adj.(言行)谨慎的;慎重的;有判断力的 | |
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70
steadily
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adv.稳定地;不变地;持续地 | |
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71
gracefully
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ad.大大方方地;优美地 | |
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72
retirement
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n.退休,退职 | |
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73
pall
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v.覆盖,使平淡无味;n.柩衣,棺罩;棺材;帷幕 | |
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74
diligently
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ad.industriously;carefully | |
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75
monastery
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n.修道院,僧院,寺院 | |
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76
transcribed
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(用不同的录音手段)转录( transcribe的过去式和过去分词 ); 改编(乐曲)(以适应他种乐器或声部); 抄写; 用音标标出(声音) | |
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77
novices
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n.新手( novice的名词复数 );初学修士(或修女);(修会等的)初学生;尚未赢过大赛的赛马 | |
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78
admonished
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v.劝告( admonish的过去式和过去分词 );训诫;(温和地)责备;轻责 | |
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79
amending
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改良,修改,修订( amend的现在分词 ); 改良,修改,修订( amend的第三人称单数 )( amends的现在分词 ) | |
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80
eke
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v.勉强度日,节约使用 | |
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81
stark
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adj.荒凉的;严酷的;完全的;adv.完全地 | |
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82
metes
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v.(对某人)施以,给予(处罚等)( mete的第三人称单数 ) | |
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83
clergy
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n.[总称]牧师,神职人员 | |
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84
crave
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vt.渴望得到,迫切需要,恳求,请求 | |
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85
deference
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n.尊重,顺从;敬意 | |
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86
judgment
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n.审判;判断力,识别力,看法,意见 | |
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87
entrust
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v.信赖,信托,交托 | |
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88
behold
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v.看,注视,看到 | |
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89
erect
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n./v.树立,建立,使竖立;adj.直立的,垂直的 | |
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90
entreated
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恳求,乞求( entreat的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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91
meek
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adj.温顺的,逆来顺受的 | |
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92
humble
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adj.谦卑的,恭顺的;地位低下的;v.降低,贬低 | |
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93
gulf
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n.海湾;深渊,鸿沟;分歧,隔阂 | |
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fixed
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adj.固定的,不变的,准备好的;(计算机)固定的 | |
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shrine
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n.圣地,神龛,庙;v.将...置于神龛内,把...奉为神圣 | |
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96
plunged
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v.颠簸( plunge的过去式和过去分词 );暴跌;骤降;突降 | |
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97
bosom
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n.胸,胸部;胸怀;内心;adj.亲密的 | |
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98
almighty
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adj.全能的,万能的;很大的,很强的 | |
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99
kindly
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adj.和蔼的,温和的,爽快的;adv.温和地,亲切地 | |
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