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CHAPTER IV THROUGH SEVEN REIGNS
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I am going to take you along very quickly through the reigns1 of the Norman kings—William Rufus, Henry I, Stephen, Henry II., Richard Coeur de Lion, and John, and not make a long pause till we come to the year 1216, when Henry III., the royal builder of the Abbey as we know it, came to the throne. The Church of Westminster, from the days of the Norman Conquest onwards, became, as if by right, the coronation church, "the head, crown, and diadem3 of the kingdom;" and Oxford4, Winchester, and St. Paul's, which had witnessed so many coronations in the time of the Saxon kings, were no more thought of for this purpose. But rather curiously5 none of the Norman kings were buried here. Of a foreign race they were, and some among them rested in foreign tombs—the Conqueror6 at Caen, Henry II. and Coeur de Lion at Fontrevault, while Rufus, killed in the New Forest, was carried to Winchester, Henry I. to Reading, Stephen to Faversham, and John to Worcester, this last-named king having left instructions that he should be dressed like a monk7 and laid next good Bishop8 Wulstan, hoping by this subterfuge9 to take in the devil!
The fact, however, of the Abbey being the recognised place of coronation gave the Abbot a somewhat unique position, for he it was who had to prepare the king for the great ceremonial, though the actual crowning became the right of the Archbishop of Canterbury. All the regalia, too, such as the crown of Alfred, the sceptre, the ring of Edward the Confessor, were kept at Westminster till the seventeenth century, when all that remained of them after the destructive days of the Commonwealth10 found a safer resting-place in the Tower of London. Yet still are they carried to the Abbey the night before a coronation and placed for the night in the Jerusalem
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reigns
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n.君主的统治( reign的名词复数 );君主统治时期;任期;当政期 | |
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reign
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n.统治时期,统治,支配,盛行;v.占优势 | |
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diadem
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n.王冠,冕 | |
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4
Oxford
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n.牛津(英国城市) | |
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curiously
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adv.有求知欲地;好问地;奇特地 | |
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conqueror
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n.征服者,胜利者 | |
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monk
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n.和尚,僧侣,修道士 | |
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bishop
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n.主教,(国际象棋)象 | |
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subterfuge
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n.诡计;藉口 | |
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commonwealth
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n.共和国,联邦,共同体 | |
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chamber
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n.房间,寝室;会议厅;议院;会所 | |
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standing
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n.持续,地位;adj.永久的,不动的,直立的,不流动的 | |
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accomplished
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adj.有才艺的;有造诣的;达到了的 | |
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tapestry
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n.挂毯,丰富多采的画面 | |
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sanctuary
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n.圣所,圣堂,寺庙;禁猎区,保护区 | |
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monastery
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n.修道院,僧院,寺院 | |
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groaned
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v.呻吟( groan的过去式和过去分词 );发牢骚;抱怨;受苦 | |
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steadily
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adv.稳定地;不变地;持续地 | |
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veneration
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n.尊敬,崇拜 | |
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bishops
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(基督教某些教派管辖大教区的)主教( bishop的名词复数 ); (国际象棋的)象 | |
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eldest
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adj.最年长的,最年老的 | |
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costly
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adj.昂贵的,价值高的,豪华的 | |
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goodwill
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n.善意,亲善,信誉,声誉 | |
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determined
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adj.坚定的;有决心的 | |
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nun
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n.修女,尼姑 | |
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trample
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vt.踩,践踏;无视,伤害,侵犯 | |
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vow
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n.誓(言),誓约;v.起誓,立誓 | |
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binding
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有约束力的,有效的,应遵守的 | |
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decided
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adj.决定了的,坚决的;明显的,明确的 | |
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resounded
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v.(指声音等)回荡于某处( resound的过去式和过去分词 );产生回响;(指某处)回荡着声音 | |
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piety
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n.虔诚,虔敬 | |
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prodigious
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adj.惊人的,奇妙的;异常的;巨大的;庞大的 | |
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rosy
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adj.美好的,乐观的,玫瑰色的 | |
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crimson
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n./adj.深(绯)红色(的);vi.脸变绯红色 | |
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redeemed
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adj. 可赎回的,可救赎的 动词redeem的过去式和过去分词形式 | |
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entirely
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ad.全部地,完整地;完全地,彻底地 | |
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thither
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adv.向那里;adj.在那边的,对岸的 | |
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monks
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n.修道士,僧侣( monk的名词复数 ) | |
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misery
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n.痛苦,苦恼,苦难;悲惨的境遇,贫苦 | |
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lavish
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adj.无节制的;浪费的;vt.慷慨地给予,挥霍 | |
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warfare
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n.战争(状态);斗争;冲突 | |
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lamented
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adj.被哀悼的,令人遗憾的v.(为…)哀悼,痛哭,悲伤( lament的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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barons
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男爵( baron的名词复数 ); 巨头; 大王; 大亨 | |
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tact
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n.机敏,圆滑,得体 | |
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longing
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n.(for)渴望 | |
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peal
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n.钟声;v.鸣响 | |
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pious
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adj.虔诚的;道貌岸然的 | |
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glorified
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美其名的,变荣耀的 | |
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coffin
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n.棺材,灵柩 | |
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celebrated
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adj.有名的,声誉卓著的 | |
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relic
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n.神圣的遗物,遗迹,纪念物 | |
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tapers
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(长形物体的)逐渐变窄( taper的名词复数 ); 微弱的光; 极细的蜡烛 | |
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reverence
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n.敬畏,尊敬,尊严;Reverence:对某些基督教神职人员的尊称;v.尊敬,敬畏,崇敬 | |
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prudence
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n.谨慎,精明,节俭 | |
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massacres
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大屠杀( massacre的名词复数 ); 惨败 | |
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devoted
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adj.忠诚的,忠实的,热心的,献身于...的 | |
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lawful
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adj.法律许可的,守法的,合法的 | |
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jeered
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v.嘲笑( jeer的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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defiled
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v.玷污( defile的过去式和过去分词 );污染;弄脏;纵列行进 | |
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abide
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vi.遵守;坚持;vt.忍受 | |
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followers
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追随者( follower的名词复数 ); 用户; 契据的附面; 从动件 | |
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adviser
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n.劝告者,顾问 | |
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chapel
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n.小教堂,殡仪馆 | |
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dedicated
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adj.一心一意的;献身的;热诚的 | |
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virgin
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n.处女,未婚女子;adj.未经使用的;未经开发的 | |
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pointed
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adj.尖的,直截了当的 | |
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graceful
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adj.优美的,优雅的;得体的 | |
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simplicity
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n.简单,简易;朴素;直率,单纯 | |
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shrine
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n.圣地,神龛,庙;v.将...置于神龛内,把...奉为神圣 | |
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gratitude
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adj.感激,感谢 | |
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extorted
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v.敲诈( extort的过去式和过去分词 );曲解 | |
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pawning
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v.典当,抵押( pawn的现在分词 );以(某事物)担保 | |
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patriotic
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adj.爱国的,有爱国心的 | |
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impulsive
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adj.冲动的,刺激的;有推动力的 | |
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extravagant
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adj.奢侈的;过分的;(言行等)放肆的 | |
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severely
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adv.严格地;严厉地;非常恶劣地 | |
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folly
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n.愚笨,愚蠢,蠢事,蠢行,傻话 | |
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taxation
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n.征税,税收,税金 | |
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knights
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骑士; (中古时代的)武士( knight的名词复数 ); 骑士; 爵士; (国际象棋中)马 | |
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wondrous
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adj.令人惊奇的,奇妙的;adv.惊人地;异乎寻常地;令人惊叹地 | |
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amazement
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n.惊奇,惊讶 | |
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exquisite
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adj.精美的;敏锐的;剧烈的,感觉强烈的 | |
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carvings
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n.雕刻( carving的名词复数 );雕刻术;雕刻品;雕刻物 | |
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marvelled
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v.惊奇,对…感到惊奇( marvel的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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mosaic
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n./adj.镶嵌细工的,镶嵌工艺品的,嵌花式的 | |
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chapels
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n.小教堂, (医院、监狱等的)附属礼拜堂( chapel的名词复数 );(在小教堂和附属礼拜堂举行的)礼拜仪式 | |
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aisles
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n. (席位间的)通道, 侧廊 | |
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cloisters
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n.(学院、修道院、教堂等建筑的)走廊( cloister的名词复数 );回廊;修道院的生活;隐居v.隐退,使与世隔绝( cloister的第三人称单数 ) | |
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mound
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n.土墩,堤,小山;v.筑堤,用土堆防卫 | |
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choir
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n.唱诗班,唱诗班的席位,合唱团,舞蹈团;v.合唱 | |
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clergy
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n.[总称]牧师,神职人员 | |
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wrought
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v.引起;以…原料制作;运转;adj.制造的 | |
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inscription
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n.(尤指石块上的)刻印文字,铭文,碑文 | |
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fabric
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n.织物,织品,布;构造,结构,组织 | |
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plumbers
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n.管子工,水暖工( plumber的名词复数 );[美][口](防止泄密的)堵漏人员 | |
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divers
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adj.不同的;种种的 | |
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niches
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壁龛( niche的名词复数 ); 合适的位置[工作等]; (产品的)商机; 生态位(一个生物所占据的生境的最小单位) | |
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gems
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growth; economy; management; and customer satisfaction 增长 | |
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sapphires
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n.蓝宝石,钢玉宝石( sapphire的名词复数 );蔚蓝色 | |
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rubies
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红宝石( ruby的名词复数 ); 红宝石色,深红色 | |
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guardian
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n.监护人;守卫者,保护者 | |
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ravages
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劫掠后的残迹,破坏的结果,毁坏后的残迹 | |
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covetous
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adj.贪婪的,贪心的 | |
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idol
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n.偶像,红人,宠儿 | |
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mellow
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adj.柔和的;熟透的;v.变柔和;(使)成熟 | |
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lessened
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减少的,减弱的 | |
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