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CHAPTER IX THE WARS OF THE ROSES AND THE THIRD
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THE WARS OF THE ROSES AND THE THIRD
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Little Henry VI. was not crowned till he was nine years old, and one old writer says that "so small was he, he could not wear the crown, and a bracelet1 of his mother's was placed on his head." He was a dreamy, gentle boy, and, far from being excited or happy on his coronation day, we hear how "very sadly and gravely he beheld2 all the people round about him, at the sight of which he showed great humility3." His mother, Katherine, had married a Welshman named Owen Tudor, much to the anger of those about the court and the nobles, who considered that by so doing she had demeaned herself, and after this she was allowed to see very little of her son, who was therefore left entirely4 to his uncles, the Duke of Bedford and the Duke of Gloucester. Like Edward the Confessor, Henry was fit for a cloister5 but not for a crown, and he was called to reign6 in troublous times, when strength of will and purpose were more needed in a king than saintliness or simplicity7 of life. His uncles, who realised his weakness, arranged that he should marry Margaret of Anjou, a woman who was brave, ambitious, and masterful; but the fact that she soon got Henry completely under her control only brought about in the end his destruction and hers. In France the English lose all that they had won, for a deliverer of France had arisen in the girl Joan of Arc, who gave fresh courage and hope to her fellow-countrymen and led them on to victory as though she had been a saint sent by God. Then back to England came those many thousands of soldiers who had been fighting abroad all these years, and they were not inclined to settle down to a peaceful life; they wanted adventure, excitement, and plunder8, and they were ready to flock round any leader who could promise them the chance of a fight. You will remember how, when you looked at Edward III.'s tomb, with the figures of his sons kneeling round, I told you that the descendants of those sons brought civil war upon England; and it was in the reign of Henry VI. that this terrible war broke out. Henry, as you know, was
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1
bracelet
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n.手镯,臂镯 | |
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2
beheld
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v.看,注视( behold的过去式和过去分词 );瞧;看呀;(叙述中用于引出某人意外的出现)哎哟 | |
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3
humility
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n.谦逊,谦恭 | |
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entirely
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ad.全部地,完整地;完全地,彻底地 | |
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cloister
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n.修道院;v.隐退,使与世隔绝 | |
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reign
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n.统治时期,统治,支配,盛行;v.占优势 | |
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simplicity
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n.简单,简易;朴素;直率,单纯 | |
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plunder
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vt.劫掠财物,掠夺;n.劫掠物,赃物;劫掠 | |
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descended
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a.为...后裔的,出身于...的 | |
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jealousies
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n.妒忌( jealousy的名词复数 );妒羡 | |
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warfare
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n.战争(状态);斗争;冲突 | |
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inevitable
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adj.不可避免的,必然发生的 | |
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slain
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杀死,宰杀,杀戮( slay的过去分词 ); (slay的过去分词) | |
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divers
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adj.不同的;种种的 | |
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ascended
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v.上升,攀登( ascend的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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barge
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n.平底载货船,驳船 | |
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humble
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adj.谦卑的,恭顺的;地位低下的;v.降低,贬低 | |
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relics
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[pl.]n.遗物,遗迹,遗产;遗体,尸骸 | |
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reigned
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vi.当政,统治(reign的过去式形式) | |
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distress
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n.苦恼,痛苦,不舒适;不幸;vt.使悲痛 | |
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sanctuary
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n.圣所,圣堂,寺庙;禁猎区,保护区 | |
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privy
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adj.私用的;隐密的 | |
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bishop
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n.主教,(国际象棋)象 | |
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kindly
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adj.和蔼的,温和的,爽快的;adv.温和地,亲切地 | |
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eldest
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adj.最年长的,最年老的 | |
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behold
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v.看,注视,看到 | |
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woe
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n.悲哀,苦痛,不幸,困难;int.用来表达悲伤或惊慌 | |
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entrusted
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v.委托,托付( entrust的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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desolate
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adj.荒凉的,荒芜的;孤独的,凄凉的;v.使荒芜,使孤寂 | |
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rumble
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n.隆隆声;吵嚷;v.隆隆响;低沉地说 | |
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conveyance
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n.(不动产等的)转让,让与;转让证书;传送;运送;表达;(正)运输工具 | |
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apparently
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adv.显然地;表面上,似乎 | |
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mighty
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adj.强有力的;巨大的 | |
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melancholy
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n.忧郁,愁思;adj.令人感伤(沮丧)的,忧郁的 | |
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reposed
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v.将(手臂等)靠在某人(某物)上( repose的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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sobbed
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哭泣,啜泣( sob的过去式和过去分词 ); 哭诉,呜咽地说 | |
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lodgings
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n. 出租的房舍, 寄宿舍 | |
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harry
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vt.掠夺,蹂躏,使苦恼 | |
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hatred
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n.憎恶,憎恨,仇恨 | |
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haven
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n.安全的地方,避难所,庇护所 | |
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joyfully
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adv. 喜悦地, 高兴地 | |
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grafted
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移植( graft的过去式和过去分词 ); 嫁接; 使(思想、制度等)成为(…的一部份); 植根 | |
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celebrated
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adj.有名的,声誉卓著的 | |
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cardinal
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n.(天主教的)红衣主教;adj.首要的,基本的 | |
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prettily
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adv.优美地;可爱地 | |
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stainless
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adj.无瑕疵的,不锈的 | |
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drawn
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v.拖,拉,拔出;adj.憔悴的,紧张的 | |
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decided
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adj.决定了的,坚决的;明显的,明确的 | |
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chapel
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n.小教堂,殡仪馆 | |
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virgin
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n.处女,未婚女子;adj.未经使用的;未经开发的 | |
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costly
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adj.昂贵的,价值高的,豪华的 | |
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extravagant
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adj.奢侈的;过分的;(言行等)放肆的 | |
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judgment
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n.审判;判断力,识别力,看法,意见 | |
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hoard
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n./v.窖藏,贮存,囤积 | |
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lavish
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adj.无节制的;浪费的;vt.慷慨地给予,挥霍 | |
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frustrated
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adj.挫败的,失意的,泄气的v.使不成功( frustrate的过去式和过去分词 );挫败;使受挫折;令人沮丧 | |
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longings
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渴望,盼望( longing的名词复数 ) | |
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monk
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n.和尚,僧侣,修道士 | |
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monks
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n.修道士,僧侣( monk的名词复数 ) | |
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shrine
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n.圣地,神龛,庙;v.将...置于神龛内,把...奉为神圣 | |
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vigour
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(=vigor)n.智力,体力,精力 | |
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doorway
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n.门口,(喻)入门;门路,途径 | |
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carving
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n.雕刻品,雕花 | |
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ornamented
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adj.花式字体的v.装饰,点缀,美化( ornament的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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embroidery
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n.绣花,刺绣;绣制品 | |
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perishable
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adj.(尤指食物)易腐的,易坏的 | |
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dedicated
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adj.一心一意的;献身的;热诚的 | |
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feverishly
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adv. 兴奋地 | |
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doorways
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n.门口,门道( doorway的名词复数 ) | |
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glazed
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adj.光滑的,像玻璃的;上过釉的;呆滞无神的v.装玻璃( glaze的过去式);上釉于,上光;(目光)变得呆滞无神 | |
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vaults
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n.拱顶( vault的名词复数 );地下室;撑物跳高;墓穴 | |
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garnished
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v.给(上餐桌的食物)加装饰( garnish的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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adorned
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[计]被修饰的 | |
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chalices
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n.高脚酒杯( chalice的名词复数 );圣餐杯;金杯毒酒;看似诱人实则令人讨厌的事物 | |
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ornaments
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n.装饰( ornament的名词复数 );点缀;装饰品;首饰v.装饰,点缀,美化( ornament的第三人称单数 ) | |
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mid
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adj.中央的,中间的 | |
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inscription
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n.(尤指石块上的)刻印文字,铭文,碑文 | |
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copper
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n.铜;铜币;铜器;adj.铜(制)的;(紫)铜色的 | |
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gilt
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adj.镀金的;n.金边证券 | |
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worthy
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adj.(of)值得的,配得上的;有价值的 | |
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exquisite
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adj.精美的;敏锐的;剧烈的,感觉强烈的 | |
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monastery
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n.修道院,僧院,寺院 | |
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eyebrows
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眉毛( eyebrow的名词复数 ) | |
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feats
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功绩,伟业,技艺( feat的名词复数 ) | |
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gratitude
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adj.感激,感谢 | |
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poised
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a.摆好姿势不动的 | |
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carvings
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n.雕刻( carving的名词复数 );雕刻术;雕刻品;雕刻物 | |
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guardians
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监护人( guardian的名词复数 ); 保护者,维护者 | |
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standing
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n.持续,地位;adj.永久的,不动的,直立的,不流动的 | |
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vanquished
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v.征服( vanquish的过去式和过去分词 );战胜;克服;抑制 | |
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ointment
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n.药膏,油膏,软膏 | |
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gilded
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a.镀金的,富有的 | |
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wrecked
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adj.失事的,遇难的 | |
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fanatic
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n.狂热者,入迷者;adj.狂热入迷的 | |
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commonwealth
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n.共和国,联邦,共同体 | |
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zeal
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n.热心,热情,热忱 | |
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vaulted
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adj.拱状的 | |
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vaulting
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n.(天花板或屋顶的)拱形结构 | |
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martyrs
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n.martyr的复数形式;烈士( martyr的名词复数 );殉道者;殉教者;乞怜者(向人诉苦以博取同情) | |
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niches
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壁龛( niche的名词复数 ); 合适的位置[工作等]; (产品的)商机; 生态位(一个生物所占据的生境的最小单位) | |
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hues
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色彩( hue的名词复数 ); 色调; 信仰; 观点 | |
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remains
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n.剩余物,残留物;遗体,遗迹 | |
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quaint
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adj.古雅的,离奇有趣的,奇怪的 | |
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winnowing
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v.扬( winnow的现在分词 );辨别;选择;除去 | |
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armour
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(=armor)n.盔甲;装甲部队 | |
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miser
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n.守财奴,吝啬鬼 (adj.miserly) | |
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bagpipes
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n.风笛;风笛( bagpipe的名词复数 ) | |
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knight
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n.骑士,武士;爵士 | |
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knights
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骑士; (中古时代的)武士( knight的名词复数 ); 骑士; 爵士; (国际象棋中)马 | |
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serried
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adj.拥挤的;密集的 | |
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crimson
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n./adj.深(绯)红色(的);vi.脸变绯红色 | |
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vessels
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n.血管( vessel的名词复数 );船;容器;(具有特殊品质或接受特殊品质的)人 | |
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brass
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n.黄铜;黄铜器,铜管乐器 | |
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tapers
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(长形物体的)逐渐变窄( taper的名词复数 ); 微弱的光; 极细的蜡烛 | |
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gem
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n.宝石,珠宝;受爱戴的人 [同]jewel | |
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steward
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n.乘务员,服务员;看管人;膳食管理员 | |
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motive
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n.动机,目的;adv.发动的,运动的 | |
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eloquence
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n.雄辩;口才,修辞 | |
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attain
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vt.达到,获得,完成 | |
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mansion
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n.大厦,大楼;宅第 | |
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