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PART II AMONG THE MONUMENTS CHAPTER XIII PURITANS AND CAVALIERS IN THE ABBEY
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By a strange irony1 of fate, the royal chapel2 of the Tudors was destined3 to be, at least for awhile, the burying-place of many Parliamentary leaders, and perhaps stranger still it is to realise how Roundhead and Cavalier, disgraced minister and triumphant4 reformer, came at last to the old Abbey, which opened its arms to receive them, condemning5 no man, but committing all unto the care of Him who judgeth with righteous judgment6. The Duke of Buckingham and Pym, Cromwell and Prince Rupert, Admiral Blake, Clarendon the historian of the great rebellion, Essex and General Monk7, all were buried within a few feet of each other, and their names are still engraved8 on Abbey stones, though some of them sleep there no more.
These men, in their different ways, stood in the forefront of that hard-fought Revolution, and as I want Westminster to be something more to you than a place of names and monuments, I will try to tell you enough of each one for you to be able to fit them into their proper places in the history of those stormy days.
We will begin with Buckingham, who, as young George Villiers, was brought up to be a courtier, and taught only such accomplishments9 as would fit him for that part. He was an apt pupil, graceful10, witty11, versatile12, full of charm, and from the moment he entered the service of James I. as cupbearer, his upward career began. He leapt from step to step with dazzling rapidity, and the king became a
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1
irony
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n.反语,冷嘲;具有讽刺意味的事,嘲弄 | |
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chapel
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n.小教堂,殡仪馆 | |
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destined
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adj.命中注定的;(for)以…为目的地的 | |
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4
triumphant
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adj.胜利的,成功的;狂欢的,喜悦的 | |
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5
condemning
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v.(通常因道义上的原因而)谴责( condemn的现在分词 );宣判;宣布…不能使用;迫使…陷于不幸的境地 | |
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judgment
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n.审判;判断力,识别力,看法,意见 | |
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monk
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n.和尚,僧侣,修道士 | |
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8
engraved
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v.在(硬物)上雕刻(字,画等)( engrave的过去式和过去分词 );将某事物深深印在(记忆或头脑中) | |
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accomplishments
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n.造诣;完成( accomplishment的名词复数 );技能;成绩;成就 | |
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10
graceful
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adj.优美的,优雅的;得体的 | |
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witty
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adj.机智的,风趣的 | |
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versatile
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adj.通用的,万用的;多才多艺的,多方面的 | |
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mere
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adj.纯粹的;仅仅,只不过 | |
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whatsoever
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adv.(用于否定句中以加强语气)任何;pron.无论什么 | |
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interfere
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v.(in)干涉,干预;(with)妨碍,打扰 | |
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drawn
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v.拖,拉,拔出;adj.憔悴的,紧张的 | |
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undoing
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n.毁灭的原因,祸根;破坏,毁灭 | |
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collapsed
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adj.倒塌的 | |
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disastrous
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adj.灾难性的,造成灾害的;极坏的,很糟的 | |
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undertakings
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企业( undertaking的名词复数 ); 保证; 殡仪业; 任务 | |
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implicitly
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adv. 含蓄地, 暗中地, 毫不保留地 | |
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exorbitant
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adj.过分的;过度的 | |
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reign
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n.统治时期,统治,支配,盛行;v.占优势 | |
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gathering
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n.集会,聚会,聚集 | |
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fully
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adv.完全地,全部地,彻底地;充分地 | |
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melancholy
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n.忧郁,愁思;adj.令人感伤(沮丧)的,忧郁的 | |
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malcontented
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a.不满的 | |
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tyrant
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n.暴君,专制的君主,残暴的人 | |
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gallant
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adj.英勇的,豪侠的;(向女人)献殷勤的 | |
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standing
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n.持续,地位;adj.永久的,不动的,直立的,不流动的 | |
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victorious
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adj.胜利的,得胜的 | |
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compensate
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vt.补偿,赔偿;酬报 vi.弥补;补偿;抵消 | |
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besieged
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包围,围困,围攻( besiege的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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entrusted
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v.委托,托付( entrust的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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determined
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adj.坚定的;有决心的 | |
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entirely
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ad.全部地,完整地;完全地,彻底地 | |
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negotiations
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协商( negotiation的名词复数 ); 谈判; 完成(难事); 通过 | |
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pendulum
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n.摆,钟摆 | |
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commonwealth
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n.共和国,联邦,共同体 | |
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forsook
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forsake的过去式 | |
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faltered
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(嗓音)颤抖( falter的过去式和过去分词 ); 支吾其词; 蹒跚; 摇晃 | |
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bishop
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n.主教,(国际象棋)象 | |
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straightforward
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adj.正直的,坦率的;易懂的,简单的 | |
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chamber
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n.房间,寝室;会议厅;议院;会所 | |
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frankly
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adv.坦白地,直率地;坦率地说 | |
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erecting
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v.使直立,竖起( erect的现在分词 );建立 | |
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gratitude
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adj.感激,感谢 | |
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vault
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n.拱形圆顶,地窖,地下室 | |
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vessel
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n.船舶;容器,器皿;管,导管,血管 | |
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devoted
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adj.忠诚的,忠实的,热心的,献身于...的 | |
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imminent
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adj.即将发生的,临近的,逼近的 | |
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mettle
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n.勇气,精神 | |
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entreat
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v.恳求,恳请 | |
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affected
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adj.不自然的,假装的 | |
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Mediterranean
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adj.地中海的;地中海沿岸的 | |
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conjure
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v.恳求,祈求;变魔术,变戏法 | |
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despatch
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n./v.(dispatch)派遣;发送;n.急件;新闻报道 | |
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worthy
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adj.(of)值得的,配得上的;有价值的 | |
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lasting
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adj.永久的,永恒的;vbl.持续,维持 | |
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remains
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n.剩余物,残留物;遗体,遗迹 | |
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supremacy
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n.至上;至高权力 | |
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wrested
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(用力)拧( wrest的过去式和过去分词 ); 费力取得; (从…)攫取; ( 从… ) 强行取去… | |
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cape
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n.海角,岬;披肩,短披风 | |
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eldest
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adj.最年长的,最年老的 | |
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idol
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n.偶像,红人,宠儿 | |
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regiment
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n.团,多数,管理;v.组织,编成团,统制 | |
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vigour
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(=vigor)n.智力,体力,精力 | |
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heartily
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adv.衷心地,诚恳地,十分,很 | |
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intensity
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n.强烈,剧烈;强度;烈度 | |
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grievances
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n.委屈( grievance的名词复数 );苦衷;不满;牢骚 | |
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traitors
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卖国贼( traitor的名词复数 ); 叛徒; 背叛者; 背信弃义的人 | |
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espoused
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v.(决定)支持,拥护(目标、主张等)( espouse的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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scarlet
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n.深红色,绯红色,红衣;adj.绯红色的 | |
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cavalry
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n.骑兵;轻装甲部队 | |
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75
scour
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v.搜索;擦,洗,腹泻,冲刷 | |
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audacity
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n.大胆,卤莽,无礼 | |
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refreshing
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adj.使精神振作的,使人清爽的,使人喜欢的 | |
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steer
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vt.驾驶,为…操舵;引导;vi.驾驶 | |
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frustrated
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adj.挫败的,失意的,泄气的v.使不成功( frustrate的过去式和过去分词 );挫败;使受挫折;令人沮丧 | |
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imperative
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n.命令,需要;规则;祈使语气;adj.强制的;紧急的 | |
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intercept
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vt.拦截,截住,截击 | |
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abhorred
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v.憎恶( abhor的过去式和过去分词 );(厌恶地)回避;拒绝;淘汰 | |
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vehemently
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adv. 热烈地 | |
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decided
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adj.决定了的,坚决的;明显的,明确的 | |
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infantry
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n.[总称]步兵(部队) | |
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justified
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a.正当的,有理的 | |
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backwards
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adv.往回地,向原处,倒,相反,前后倒置地 | |
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foes
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敌人,仇敌( foe的名词复数 ) | |
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foe
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n.敌人,仇敌 | |
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uncertainty
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n.易变,靠不住,不确知,不确定的事物 | |
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entreated
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恳求,乞求( entreat的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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Oxford
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n.牛津(英国城市) | |
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regiments
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(军队的)团( regiment的名词复数 ); 大量的人或物 | |
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impatience
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n.不耐烦,急躁 | |
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honourable
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adj.可敬的;荣誉的,光荣的 | |
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scoured
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走遍(某地)搜寻(人或物)( scour的过去式和过去分词 ); (用力)刷; 擦净; 擦亮 | |
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forage
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n.(牛马的)饲料,粮草;v.搜寻,翻寻 | |
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wont
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adj.习惯于;v.习惯;n.习惯 | |
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peremptory
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adj.紧急的,专横的,断然的 | |
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moor
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n.荒野,沼泽;vt.(使)停泊;vi.停泊 | |
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advisers
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顾问,劝告者( adviser的名词复数 ); (指导大学新生学科问题等的)指导教授 | |
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justification
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n.正当的理由;辩解的理由 | |
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revoking
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v.撤销,取消,废除( revoke的现在分词 ) | |
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bestowed
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赠给,授予( bestow的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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nettled
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v.拿荨麻打,拿荨麻刺(nettle的过去式与过去分词形式) | |
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chafing
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n.皮肤发炎v.擦热(尤指皮肤)( chafe的现在分词 );擦痛;发怒;惹怒 | |
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accusations
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n.指责( accusation的名词复数 );指控;控告;(被告发、控告的)罪名 | |
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jealousy
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n.妒忌,嫉妒,猜忌 | |
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applied
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adj.应用的;v.应用,适用 | |
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loyalty
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n.忠诚,忠心 | |
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adventurous
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adj.爱冒险的;惊心动魄的,惊险的,刺激的 | |
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liking
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n.爱好;嗜好;喜欢 | |
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intrigues
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n.密谋策划( intrigue的名词复数 );神秘气氛;引人入胜的复杂情节v.搞阴谋诡计( intrigue的第三人称单数 );激起…的好奇心 | |
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inconveniently
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ad.不方便地 | |
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resolute
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adj.坚决的,果敢的 | |
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lamented
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adj.被哀悼的,令人遗憾的v.(为…)哀悼,痛哭,悲伤( lament的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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toils
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网 | |
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vaulted
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adj.拱状的 | |
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effigy
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n.肖像 | |
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condemned
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adj. 被责难的, 被宣告有罪的 动词condemn的过去式和过去分词 | |
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immediate
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adj.立即的;直接的,最接近的;紧靠的 | |
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grandeur
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n.伟大,崇高,宏伟,庄严,豪华 | |
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musket
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n.滑膛枪 | |
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snare
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n.陷阱,诱惑,圈套;(去除息肉或者肿瘤的)勒除器;响弦,小军鼓;vt.以陷阱捕获,诱惑 | |
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sect
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n.派别,宗教,学派,派系 | |
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strife
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n.争吵,冲突,倾轧,竞争 | |
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meted
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v.(对某人)施以,给予(处罚等)( mete的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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patriot
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n.爱国者,爱国主义者 | |
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relentless
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adj.残酷的,不留情的,无怜悯心的 | |
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obedience
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n.服从,顺从 | |
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下一章:
CHAPTER XIV CHAUCER
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