| 选择字号:【大】【中】【小】 | 关灯 护眼 | 
CHAPTER II
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From the political I turn to the purely1 military side of the Army's history. Treating first of the officers, it has, I think, been sufficiently2 shown that there were influences enough at work to demoralise them quite apart from any legacies3 of corruption4 that they might have inherited from the past. Against their indiscipline and dishonesty George the First seems to have set his face from the very beginning. He had a particular dislike to the system of purchasing and selling commissions. If (so ran his argument) an officer is unfit to serve from his own fault, he ought to be tried and cashiered, if he is rendered incapable5 by military service, he ought to retire on half-pay; and so firm was the King on this latter point that the Secretary-at-War dared not disobey him.[62] As early, therefore, as in June 1715 the King announced his intention of putting a stop to the practice, and as a first step forbade all sale of commissions except by officers who had purchased, and then only for the price that had originally been paid. One principal cause that prompted him to this decision appears to have been the exorbitant7 price demanded by colonels, on the plea that they had discharged regimental debts due for the clothing of the men, and suffered loss through the carelessness of agents.[63] It should seem, however, that as the rule [30]applied only to regiments9 on the British and not to those on the Irish Establishment, the desired reforms were little promoted by this expedient10. In 1717, therefore, the King referred the question to the Board of General Officers, with, however, a reservation in favour of sale for the benefit of wounded or superannuated11 officers, which could not but vitiate the entire scheme. He thought it better, therefore, to regulate that which he could not abolish, and in 1720 issued the first of those
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收听单词发音  | 1
     purely   | |
| adv.纯粹地,完全地 | |
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     sufficiently   | |
| adv.足够地,充分地 | |
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     legacies   | |
| n.遗产( legacy的名词复数 );遗留之物;遗留问题;后遗症 | |
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     corruption   | |
| n.腐败,堕落,贪污 | |
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     incapable   | |
| adj.无能力的,不能做某事的 | |
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     vice   | |
| n.坏事;恶习;[pl.]台钳,老虎钳;adj.副的 | |
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     exorbitant   | |
| adj.过分的;过度的 | |
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     regiment   | |
| n.团,多数,管理;v.组织,编成团,统制 | |
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     regiments   | |
| (军队的)团( regiment的名词复数 ); 大量的人或物 | |
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| 10
     expedient   | |
| adj.有用的,有利的;n.紧急的办法,权宜之计 | |
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| 11
     superannuated   | |
| adj.老朽的,退休的;v.因落后于时代而废除,勒令退学 | |
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| 12
     tariffs   | |
| 关税制度; 关税( tariff的名词复数 ); 关税表; (旅馆或饭店等的)收费表; 量刑标准 | |
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| 13
     tariff   | |
| n.关税,税率;(旅馆、饭店等)价目表,收费表 | |
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     precept   | |
| n.戒律;格言 | |
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     concurrently   | |
| adv.同时地 | |
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     deductions   | |
| 扣除( deduction的名词复数 ); 结论; 扣除的量; 推演 | |
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| 17
     decided   | |
| adj.决定了的,坚决的;明显的,明确的 | |
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| 18
     melancholy   | |
| n.忧郁,愁思;adj.令人感伤(沮丧)的,忧郁的 | |
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     inert   | |
| adj.无活动能力的,惰性的;迟钝的 | |
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| 20
     arrogation   | |
| n.诈称,霸占,篡夺 | |
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     civilian   | |
| adj.平民的,民用的,民众的 | |
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     civilians   | |
| 平民,百姓( civilian的名词复数 ); 老百姓 | |
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     remains   | |
| n.剩余物,残留物;遗体,遗迹 | |
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     negligent   | |
| adj.疏忽的;玩忽的;粗心大意的 | |
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     remiss   | |
| adj.不小心的,马虎 | |
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     batch   | |
| n.一批(组,群);一批生产量 | |
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     prevailing   | |
| adj.盛行的;占优势的;主要的 | |
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     akin   | |
| adj.同族的,类似的 | |
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     misgiving   | |
| n.疑虑,担忧,害怕 | |
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| 30
     reign   | |
| n.统治时期,统治,支配,盛行;v.占优势 | |
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| 31
     garrison   | |
| n.卫戍部队;驻地,卫戍区;vt.派(兵)驻防 | |
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     garrisons   | |
| 守备部队,卫戍部队( garrison的名词复数 ) | |
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     incessant   | |
| adj.不停的,连续的 | |
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     provocation   | |
| n.激怒,刺激,挑拨,挑衅的事物,激怒的原因 | |
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     malicious   | |
| adj.有恶意的,心怀恶意的 | |
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     deliberately   | |
| adv.审慎地;蓄意地;故意地 | |
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     wholesale   | |
| n.批发;adv.以批发方式;vt.批发,成批出售 | |
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     survivors   | |
| 幸存者,残存者,生还者( survivor的名词复数 ) | |
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     malice   | |
| n.恶意,怨恨,蓄意;[律]预谋 | |
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| 40
     dubbed   | |
| v.给…起绰号( dub的过去式和过去分词 );把…称为;配音;复制 | |
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     lewd   | |
| adj.淫荡的 | |
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     profligate   | |
| adj.行为不检的;n.放荡的人,浪子,肆意挥霍者 | |
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     wretch   | |
| n.可怜的人,不幸的人;卑鄙的人 | |
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     scruple   | |
| n./v.顾忌,迟疑 | |
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     noxious   | |
| adj.有害的,有毒的;使道德败坏的,讨厌的 | |
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| 46
     enlistment   | |
| n.应征入伍,获得,取得 | |
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     exuberance   | |
| n.丰富;繁荣 | |
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| 48
     lashes   | |
| n.鞭挞( lash的名词复数 );鞭子;突然猛烈的一击;急速挥动v.鞭打( lash的第三人称单数 );煽动;紧系;怒斥 | |
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| 49
     scourging   | |
| 鞭打( scourge的现在分词 ); 惩罚,压迫 | |
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| 50
     ingenuity   | |
| n.别出心裁;善于发明创造 | |
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| 51
     twig   | |
| n.小树枝,嫩枝;v.理解 | |
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| 52
     varied   | |
| adj.多样的,多变化的 | |
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     cavalry   | |
| n.骑兵;轻装甲部队 | |
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| 54
     unduly   | |
| adv.过度地,不适当地 | |
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| 55
     degradation   | |
| n.降级;低落;退化;陵削;降解;衰变 | |
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     penal   | |
| adj.刑罚的;刑法上的 | |
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| 57
     solely   | |
| adv.仅仅,唯一地 | |
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| 58
     dwelling   | |
| n.住宅,住所,寓所 | |
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| 59
     relish   | |
| n.滋味,享受,爱好,调味品;vt.加调味料,享受,品味;vi.有滋味 | |
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| 60
     pillory   | |
| n.嘲弄;v.使受公众嘲笑;将…示众 | |
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| 61
     picketing   | |
| [经] 罢工工人劝阻工人上班,工人纠察线 | |
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| 62
     picket   | |
| n.纠察队;警戒哨;v.设置纠察线;布置警卫 | |
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| 63
     wager   | |
| n.赌注;vt.押注,打赌 | |
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| 64
     flinching   | |
| v.(因危险和痛苦)退缩,畏惧( flinch的现在分词 ) | |
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     prone   | |
| adj.(to)易于…的,很可能…的;俯卧的 | |
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| 66
     remitting   | |
| v.免除(债务),宽恕( remit的现在分词 );使某事缓和;寄回,传送 | |
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| 67
     motives   | |
| n.动机,目的( motive的名词复数 ) | |
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| 68
     rogues   | |
| n.流氓( rogue的名词复数 );无赖;调皮捣蛋的人;离群的野兽 | |
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| 69
     desperately   | |
| adv.极度渴望地,绝望地,孤注一掷地 | |
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| 70
     killing   | |
| n.巨额利润;突然赚大钱,发大财 | |
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| 71
     remarkable   | |
| adj.显著的,异常的,非凡的,值得注意的 | |
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| 72
     mishaps   | |
| n.轻微的事故,小的意外( mishap的名词复数 ) | |
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| 73
     cartridges   | |
| 子弹( cartridge的名词复数 ); (打印机的)墨盒; 录音带盒; (唱机的)唱头 | |
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| 74
     corps   | |
| n.(通信等兵种的)部队;(同类作的)一组 | |
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| 75
     egregiously   | |
| adv.过份地,卓越地 | |
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     shameful   | |
| adj.可耻的,不道德的 | |
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| 77
     climax   | |
| n.顶点;高潮;v.(使)达到顶点 | |
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| 78
     aged   | |
| adj.年老的,陈年的 | |
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| 79
     apparently   | |
| adv.显然地;表面上,似乎 | |
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| 80
     rendering   | |
| n.表现,描写 | |
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| 81
     impartially   | |
| adv.公平地,无私地 | |
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     apprehension   | |
| n.理解,领悟;逮捕,拘捕;忧虑 | |
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| 83
     prospect   | |
| n.前景,前途;景色,视野 | |
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| 84
     militia   | |
| n.民兵,民兵组织 | |
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| 85
     revival   | |
| n.复兴,复苏,(精力、活力等的)重振 | |
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| 86
     distress   | |
| n.苦恼,痛苦,不舒适;不幸;vt.使悲痛 | |
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| 87
     conscientiously   | |
| adv.凭良心地;认真地,负责尽职地;老老实实 | |
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| 88
     subvert   | |
| v.推翻;暗中破坏;搅乱 | |
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| 89
     condemned   | |
| adj. 被责难的, 被宣告有罪的 动词condemn的过去式和过去分词 | |
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| 90
     isles   | |
| 岛( isle的名词复数 ) | |
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| 91
     isle   | |
| n.小岛,岛 | |
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| 92
     narrative   | |
| n.叙述,故事;adj.叙事的,故事体的 | |
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| 93
     defenders   | |
| n.防御者( defender的名词复数 );守卫者;保护者;辩护者 | |
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| 94
     fortified   | |
| adj. 加强的 | |
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| 95
     standing   | |
| n.持续,地位;adj.永久的,不动的,直立的,不流动的 | |
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| 96
     fortresses   | |
| 堡垒,要塞( fortress的名词复数 ) | |
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| 97
     fortress   | |
| n.堡垒,防御工事 | |
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| 98
     progeny   | |
| n.后代,子孙;结果 | |
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| 99
     horde   | |
| n.群众,一大群 | |
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| 100
     prolific   | |
| adj.丰富的,大量的;多产的,富有创造力的 | |
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| 101
     awe   | |
| n.敬畏,惊惧;vt.使敬畏,使惊惧 | |
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| 102
     systematic   | |
| adj.有系统的,有计划的,有方法的 | |
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| 103
     intimidation   | |
| n.恐吓,威胁 | |
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| 104
     gaol   | |
| n.(jail)监狱;(不加冠词)监禁;vt.使…坐牢 | |
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| 105
     gallows   | |
| n.绞刑架,绞台 | |
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| 106
     gutter   | |
| n.沟,街沟,水槽,檐槽,贫民窟 | |
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| 107
     cargo   | |
| n.(一只船或一架飞机运载的)货物 | |
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| 108
     emigrants   | |
| n.(从本国移往他国的)移民( emigrant的名词复数 ) | |
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| 109
     infusion   | |
| n.灌输 | |
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| 110
     formulate   | |
| v.用公式表示;规划;设计;系统地阐述 | |
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| 111
     drawn   | |
| v.拖,拉,拔出;adj.憔悴的,紧张的 | |
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| 112
     generic   | |
| adj.一般的,普通的,共有的 | |
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| 113
     vanquished   | |
| v.征服( vanquish的过去式和过去分词 );战胜;克服;抑制 | |
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| 114
     swelled   | |
| 增强( swell的过去式和过去分词 ); 肿胀; (使)凸出; 充满(激情) | |
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| 115
     reverted   | |
| 恢复( revert的过去式和过去分词 ); 重提; 回到…上; 归还 | |
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| 116
     revert   | |
| v.恢复,复归,回到 | |
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| 117
     dependence   | |
| n.依靠,依赖;信任,信赖;隶属 | |
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| 118
     obsolete   | |
| adj.已废弃的,过时的 | |
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| 119
     concealment   | |
| n.隐藏, 掩盖,隐瞒 | |
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| 120
     thoroughly   | |
| adv.完全地,彻底地,十足地 | |
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| 121
     apprentices   | |
| 学徒,徒弟( apprentice的名词复数 ) | |
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| 122
     quota   | |
| n.(生产、进出口等的)配额,(移民的)限额 | |
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| 123
     provincial   | |
| adj.省的,地方的;n.外省人,乡下人 | |
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| 124
     conspired   | |
| 密谋( conspire的过去式和过去分词 ); 搞阴谋; (事件等)巧合; 共同导致 | |
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| 125
     dread   | |
| vt.担忧,忧虑;惧怕,不敢;n.担忧,畏惧 | |
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| 126
     runaway   | |
| n.逃走的人,逃亡,亡命者;adj.逃亡的,逃走的 | |
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| 127
     maroons   | |
| n.逃亡黑奴(maroon的复数形式)vt.把…放逐到孤岛(maroon的第三人称单数形式) | |
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| 128
     apathy   | |
| n.漠不关心,无动于衷;冷淡 | |
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| 129
     temperate   | |
| adj.温和的,温带的,自我克制的,不过分的 | |
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| 130
     replenished   | |
| 补充( replenish的过去式和过去分词 ); 重新装满 | |
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| 131
     vessels   | |
| n.血管( vessel的名词复数 );船;容器;(具有特殊品质或接受特殊品质的)人 | |
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| 132
     gunpowder   | |
| n.火药 | |
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| 133
     depots   | |
| 仓库( depot的名词复数 ); 火车站; 车库; 军需库 | |
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| 134
     ordnance   | |
| n.大炮,军械 | |
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| 135
     doling   | |
| 救济物( dole的现在分词 ); 失业救济金 | |
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| 136
     primitive   | |
| adj.原始的;简单的;n.原(始)人,原始事物 | |
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| 137
     dispensing   | |
| v.分配( dispense的现在分词 );施与;配(药) | |
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| 138
     mutinous   | |
| adj.叛变的,反抗的;adv.反抗地,叛变地;n.反抗,叛变 | |
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| 139
     proprietor   | |
| n.所有人;业主;经营者 | |
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| 140
     proprietors   | |
| n.所有人,业主( proprietor的名词复数 ) | |
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| 141
     notably   | |
| adv.值得注意地,显著地,尤其地,特别地 | |
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| 142
     supreme   | |
| adj.极度的,最重要的;至高的,最高的 | |
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| 143
     unstable   | |
| adj.不稳定的,易变的 | |
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| 144
     chafing   | |
| n.皮肤发炎v.擦热(尤指皮肤)( chafe的现在分词 );擦痛;发怒;惹怒 | |
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| 145
     swarmed   | |
| 密集( swarm的过去式和过去分词 ); 云集; 成群地移动; 蜜蜂或其他飞行昆虫成群地飞来飞去 | |
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| 146
     constable   | |
| n.(英国)警察,警官 | |
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| 147
     leeward   | |
| adj.背风的;下风的 | |
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| 148
     entirely   | |
| ad.全部地,完整地;完全地,彻底地 | |
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| 149
     merged   | |
| (使)混合( merge的过去式和过去分词 ); 相融; 融入; 渐渐消失在某物中 | |
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| 150
     irresistible   | |
| adj.非常诱人的,无法拒绝的,无法抗拒的 | |
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| 151
     peril   | |
| n.(严重的)危险;危险的事物 | |
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| 152
     pointed   | |
| adj.尖的,直截了当的 | |
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| 153
     Founder   | |
| n.创始者,缔造者 | |
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| 154
     colonists   | |
| n.殖民地开拓者,移民,殖民地居民( colonist的名词复数 ) | |
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| 155
     hull   | |
| n.船身;(果、实等的)外壳;vt.去(谷物等)壳 | |
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| 156
     misery   | |
| n.痛苦,苦恼,苦难;悲惨的境遇,贫苦 | |
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| 157
     sergeant   | |
| n.警官,中士 | |
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| 158
     abject   | |
| adj.极可怜的,卑屈的 | |
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| 159
     swelling   | |
| n.肿胀 | |
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| 160
     isolated   | |
| adj.与世隔绝的 | |
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| 161
     victuals   | |
| n.食物;食品 | |
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| 162
     entrusted   | |
| v.委托,托付( entrust的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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| 163
     contractors   | |
| n.(建筑、监造中的)承包人( contractor的名词复数 ) | |
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| 164
     enumerated   | |
| v.列举,枚举,数( enumerate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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| 165
     insufficient   | |
| adj.(for,of)不足的,不够的 | |
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| 166
     nourishment   | |
| n.食物,营养品;营养情况 | |
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| 167
     dreariest   | |
| 使人闷闷不乐或沮丧的( dreary的最高级 ); 阴沉的; 令人厌烦的; 单调的 | |
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| 168
     beverage   | |
| n.(水,酒等之外的)饮料 | |
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| 169
     unnaturally   | |
| adv.违反习俗地;不自然地;勉强地;不近人情地 | |
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| 170
     brew   | |
| v.酿造,调制 | |
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| 171
     generosity   | |
| n.大度,慷慨,慷慨的行为 | |
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| 172
     enlisted   | |
| adj.应募入伍的v.(使)入伍, (使)参军( enlist的过去式和过去分词 );获得(帮助或支持) | |
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| 173
     deserted   | |
| adj.荒芜的,荒废的,无人的,被遗弃的 | |
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| 174
     distinguished   | |
| adj.卓越的,杰出的,著名的 | |
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| 175
     invalided   | |
| 使伤残(invalid的过去式与过去分词形式) | |
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| 176
     sanitary   | |
| adj.卫生方面的,卫生的,清洁的,卫生的 | |
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| 177
     malarial   | |
| 患疟疾的,毒气的 | |
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| 178
     bounties   | |
| (由政府提供的)奖金( bounty的名词复数 ); 赏金; 慷慨; 大方 | |
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| 179
     costly   | |
| adj.昂贵的,价值高的,豪华的 | |
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| 180
     mischievous   | |
| adj.调皮的,恶作剧的,有害的,伤人的 | |
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| 181
     thereby   | |
| adv.因此,从而 | |
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| 182
     outrageous   | |
| adj.无理的,令人不能容忍的 | |
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| 183
     bounty   | |
| n.慷慨的赠予物,奖金;慷慨,大方;施与 | |
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| 184
     pensioners   | |
| n.领取退休、养老金或抚恤金的人( pensioner的名词复数 ) | |
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| 185
     inflicted   | |
| 把…强加给,使承受,遭受( inflict的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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| 186
     possessed   | |
| adj.疯狂的;拥有的,占有的 | |
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| 187
     Mediterranean   | |
| adj.地中海的;地中海沿岸的 | |
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| 188
     requisite   | |
| adj.需要的,必不可少的;n.必需品 | |
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| 189
     inevitable   | |
| adj.不可避免的,必然发生的 | |
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| 190
     attachment   | |
| n.附属物,附件;依恋;依附 | |
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| 191
     chronic   | |
| adj.(疾病)长期未愈的,慢性的;极坏的 | |
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| 192
     inflicting   | |
| 把…强加给,使承受,遭受( inflict的现在分词 ) | |
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| 193
     enlisting   | |
| v.(使)入伍, (使)参军( enlist的现在分词 );获得(帮助或支持) | |
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| 194
     highland   | |
| n.(pl.)高地,山地 | |
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| 195
     miserable   | |
| adj.悲惨的,痛苦的;可怜的,糟糕的 | |
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| 196
     extravagant   | |
| adj.奢侈的;过分的;(言行等)放肆的 | |
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| 197
     monotonous   | |
| adj.单调的,一成不变的,使人厌倦的 | |
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| 198
     evasion   | |
| n.逃避,偷漏(税) | |
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| 199
     eastward   | |
| adv.向东;adj.向东的;n.东方,东部 | |
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| 200
     westward   | |
| n.西方,西部;adj.西方的,向西的;adv.向西 | |
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| 201
     organisation   | |
| n.组织,安排,团体,有机休 | |
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| 202
     artillery   | |
| n.(军)火炮,大炮;炮兵(部队) | |
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| 203
     commonwealth   | |
| n.共和国,联邦,共同体 | |
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| 204
     chaos   | |
| n.混乱,无秩序 | |
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| 205
     collapse   | |
| vi.累倒;昏倒;倒塌;塌陷 | |
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| 206
     determined   | |
| adj.坚定的;有决心的 | |
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| 207
     ordained   | |
| v.任命(某人)为牧师( ordain的过去式和过去分词 );授予(某人)圣职;(上帝、法律等)命令;判定 | |
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| 208
     honourable   | |
| adj.可敬的;荣誉的,光荣的 | |
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| 209
     wade   | |
| v.跋涉,涉水;n.跋涉 | |
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| 210
     clans   | |
| 宗族( clan的名词复数 ); 氏族; 庞大的家族; 宗派 | |
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| 211
     judicious   | |
| adj.明智的,明断的,能作出明智决定的 | |
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| 212
     immortality   | |
| n.不死,不朽 | |
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| 213
     begets   | |
| v.为…之生父( beget的第三人称单数 );产生,引起 | |
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| 214
     lasting   | |
| adj.永久的,永恒的;vbl.持续,维持 | |
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| 215
     disaffected   | |
| adj.(政治上)不满的,叛离的 | |
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| 216
     kits   | |
| 衣物和装备( kit的名词复数 ); 成套用品; 配套元件 | |
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| 217
     immediate   | |
| adj.立即的;直接的,最接近的;紧靠的 | |
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| 218
     sartorial   | |
| adj.裁缝的 | |
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| 219
     noted   | |
| adj.著名的,知名的 | |
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| 220
     inspection   | |
| n.检查,审查,检阅 | |
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| 221
     infantry   | |
| n.[总称]步兵(部队) | |
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| 222
     emblematic   | |
| adj.象征的,可当标志的;象征性 | |
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| 223
     monarch   | |
| n.帝王,君主,最高统治者 | |
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| 224
     monarchs   | |
| 君主,帝王( monarch的名词复数 ) | |
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| 225
     delusion   | |
| n.谬见,欺骗,幻觉,迷惑 | |
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| 226
     shears   | |
| n.大剪刀 | |
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| 227
     ruffles   | |
| 褶裥花边( ruffle的名词复数 ) | |
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| 228
     bosom   | |
| n.胸,胸部;胸怀;内心;adj.亲密的 | |
| 参考例句: | |
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| 229
     gallantly   | |
| adv. 漂亮地,勇敢地,献殷勤地 | |
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| 230
     dressing   | |
| n.(食物)调料;包扎伤口的用品,敷料 | |
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| 231
     fixed   | |
| adj.固定的,不变的,准备好的;(计算机)固定的 | |
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| 232
     culminated   | |
| v.达到极点( culminate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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| 233
     posterity   | |
| n.后裔,子孙,后代 | |
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| 234
     depiction   | |
| n.描述 | |
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| 235
     mantle   | |
| n.斗篷,覆罩之物,罩子;v.罩住,覆盖,脸红 | |
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| 236
     descended   | |
| a.为...后裔的,出身于...的 | |
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| 237
     heeded   | |
| v.听某人的劝告,听从( heed的过去式和过去分词 );变平,使(某物)变平( flatten的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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| 238
     chapel   | |
| n.小教堂,殡仪馆 | |
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| 239
     semblance   | |
| n.外貌,外表 | |
| 参考例句: | |
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| 240
     kindly   | |
| adj.和蔼的,温和的,爽快的;adv.温和地,亲切地 | |
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| 241
     administrator   | |
| n.经营管理者,行政官员 | |
| 参考例句: | |
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| 242
     remarkably   | |
| ad.不同寻常地,相当地 | |
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| 243
     scourge   | |
| n.灾难,祸害;v.蹂躏 | |
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| 244
     orchard   | |
| n.果园,果园里的全部果树,(美俚)棒球场 | |
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| 245
     mischief   | |
| n.损害,伤害,危害;恶作剧,捣蛋,胡闹 | |
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| 246
     frail   | |
| adj.身体虚弱的;易损坏的 | |
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| 247
     incorrigible   | |
| adj.难以纠正的,屡教不改的 | |
| 参考例句: | |
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        上一章:
                BOOK VII CHAPTER I
                
下一章:
                CHAPTER III
                
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