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XIV. CHRISTIANITY: ITS CHURCHES AND CREEDS.
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AUTHORITIES:
General History, Ecclesiastical History, Councils, Bulls, etc.
Christianity appeared for the purpose of effecting a regeneration in man's moral nature; this necessarily included also his social regeneration.
The primitive2 Christians3, apostles, and martyrs4, by their words, actions, and death, taught charity, brotherly love, and equality before God; and thus slowly but powerfully undermined slavery. They consoled in every possible way their lowly and suffering brethren, and tried to inspire the slaveholders with feelings of charity and benevolence6 toward their bondmen; but as the apostles did not attack any prevalent social or political evil, nay7, even seemed to countenance8, by their silent recognition or their advice, the existing imperial despotism, so, for obvious reasons, they could not directly attack domestic slavery nor proclaim universal emancipation9. They preached to slaves and slaveholders, made converts from both, and considered and treated both as equal before God and the law. The few words of apostolic consolation10 which have been transmitted to us as re[Pg 166]ferring especially to chattels12, logically and morally contain a condemnation13 of slavery, for it is only misfortune and evil that inspire pity or require consolation. So that the apostles and primitive Christians, by advising slaves to bear their yoke14 patiently,
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1
Christian
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adj.基督教徒的;n.基督教徒 | |
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primitive
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adj.原始的;简单的;n.原(始)人,原始事物 | |
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Christians
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n.基督教徒( Christian的名词复数 ) | |
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martyrs
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n.martyr的复数形式;烈士( martyr的名词复数 );殉道者;殉教者;乞怜者(向人诉苦以博取同情) | |
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holder
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n.持有者,占有者;(台,架等)支持物 | |
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benevolence
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n.慈悲,捐助 | |
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nay
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adv.不;n.反对票,投反对票者 | |
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countenance
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n.脸色,面容;面部表情;vt.支持,赞同 | |
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9
emancipation
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n.(从束缚、支配下)解放 | |
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10
consolation
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n.安慰,慰问 | |
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chattel
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n.动产;奴隶 | |
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chattels
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n.动产,奴隶( chattel的名词复数 ) | |
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13
condemnation
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n.谴责; 定罪 | |
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yoke
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n.轭;支配;v.给...上轭,连接,使成配偶 | |
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thereby
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adv.因此,从而 | |
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embodied
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v.表现( embody的过去式和过去分词 );象征;包括;包含 | |
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alleviate
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v.减轻,缓和,缓解(痛苦等) | |
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legitimate
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adj.合法的,合理的,合乎逻辑的;v.使合法 | |
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proprietor
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n.所有人;业主;经营者 | |
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justify
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vt.证明…正当(或有理),为…辩护 | |
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justification
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n.正当的理由;辩解的理由 | |
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feudal
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adj.封建的,封地的,领地的 | |
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clergy
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n.[总称]牧师,神职人员 | |
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undoubtedly
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adv.确实地,无疑地 | |
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blatant
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adj.厚颜无耻的;显眼的;炫耀的 | |
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invaders
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入侵者,侵略者,侵入物( invader的名词复数 ) | |
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subdued
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adj. 屈服的,柔和的,减弱的 动词subdue的过去式和过去分词 | |
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superseding
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取代,接替( supersede的现在分词 ) | |
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doctrine
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n.教义;主义;学说 | |
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consanguinity
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n.血缘;亲族 | |
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conquerors
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征服者,占领者( conqueror的名词复数 ) | |
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meritorious
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adj.值得赞赏的 | |
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rites
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仪式,典礼( rite的名词复数 ) | |
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extorted
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v.敲诈( extort的过去式和过去分词 );曲解 | |
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barbarian
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n.野蛮人;adj.野蛮(人)的;未开化的 | |
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bishop
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n.主教,(国际象棋)象 | |
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predecessors
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n.前任( predecessor的名词复数 );前辈;(被取代的)原有事物;前身 | |
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infamous
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adj.声名狼藉的,臭名昭著的,邪恶的 | |
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condemned
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adj. 被责难的, 被宣告有罪的 动词condemn的过去式和过去分词 | |
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afterward
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adv.后来;以后 | |
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interdicts
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n.正式禁止( interdict的名词复数 );禁令;(罗马天主教)停止(某人)教权的禁令;停止某地参加圣事活动v.禁止(行动)( interdict的第三人称单数 );禁用;限制 | |
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ecclesiastics
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n.神职者,教会,牧师( ecclesiastic的名词复数 ) | |
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pretext
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n.借口,托词 | |
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whatsoever
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adv.(用于否定句中以加强语气)任何;pron.无论什么 | |
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explicit
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adj.详述的,明确的;坦率的;显然的 | |
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tenor
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n.男高音(歌手),次中音(乐器),要旨,大意 | |
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sects
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n.宗派,教派( sect的名词复数 ) | |
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laity
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n.俗人;门外汉 | |
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wont
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adj.习惯于;v.习惯;n.习惯 | |
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mandates
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托管(mandate的第三人称单数形式) | |
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formerly
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adv.从前,以前 | |
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alluded
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提及,暗指( allude的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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explicitly
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ad.明确地,显然地 | |
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legislated
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v.立法,制定法律( legislate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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fugitive
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adj.逃亡的,易逝的;n.逃犯,逃亡者 | |
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hierarchy
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n.等级制度;统治集团,领导层 | |
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fervor
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n.热诚;热心;炽热 | |
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abated
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减少( abate的过去式和过去分词 ); 减去; 降价; 撤消(诉讼) | |
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humane
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adj.人道的,富有同情心的 | |
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disinterested
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adj.不关心的,不感兴趣的 | |
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epoch
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n.(新)时代;历元 | |
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bondage
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n.奴役,束缚 | |
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hierarchies
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等级制度( hierarchy的名词复数 ); 统治集团; 领导层; 层次体系 | |
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monasteries
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修道院( monastery的名词复数 ) | |
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inoculated
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v.给…做预防注射( inoculate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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zealous
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adj.狂热的,热心的 | |
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preservation
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n.保护,维护,保存,保留,保持 | |
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rapacious
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adj.贪婪的,强夺的 | |
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barons
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男爵( baron的名词复数 ); 巨头; 大王; 大亨 | |
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abolition
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n.废除,取消 | |
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previously
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adv.以前,先前(地) | |
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secularization
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n.凡俗化,还俗,把教育从宗教中分离 | |
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labored
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adj.吃力的,谨慎的v.努力争取(for)( labor的过去式和过去分词 );苦干;详细分析;(指引擎)缓慢而困难地运转 | |
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denomination
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n.命名,取名,(度量衡、货币等的)单位 | |
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begotten
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v.为…之生父( beget的过去分词 );产生,引起 | |
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factions
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组织中的小派别,派系( faction的名词复数 ) | |
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下一章:
XV. GAULS.
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