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CHAPTER VIII. THACKERAY'S BALLADS.
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We have a volume of Thackeray's poems, republished under the name of Ballads1, which is, I think, to a great extent a misnomer3. They are all readable, almost all good, full of humour, and with some fine touches of pathos4, most happy in their versification, and, with a few exceptions, hitting well on the head the nail which he intended to hit. But they are not on that account ballads. Literally5, a ballad2 is a song, but it has come to signify a short chronicle in verse, which may be political, or pathetic, or grotesque6,—or it may have all three characteristics or any two of them; but not on that account is any grotesque poem a ballad,—nor, of course, any pathetic or any political poem. Jacob Omnium's Hoss may fairly be called a ballad, containing as it does a chronicle of a certain well-defined transaction; and the story of King Canute is a ballad,—one of the best that has been produced in our language in modern years. But such pieces as those called The End of the Play and Vanitas Vanitatum, which are didactic as well as pathetic, are not ballads in the common sense; nor are such songs as The Mahogany Tree, or the little collection called Love Songs made Easy. The majority of the pieces are not [Pg 169]ballads, but if they be good of the kind we should be ungrateful to quarrel much with the name.
How very good most of them are, I did not know till I re-read them for the purpose of writing this chapter. There is a manifest falling off in some few,—which has come from that source of literary failure which is now so common. If a man write a book or a poem because it is in him to write it,—the motive7 power being altogether in himself and coming from his desire to express himself,—he will write it well, presuming him to be capable of the effort. But if he write his book or poem simply because a book or poem is required from him, let his capability
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ballads
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民歌,民谣,特别指叙述故事的歌( ballad的名词复数 ); 讴 | |
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ballad
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n.歌谣,民谣,流行爱情歌曲 | |
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3
misnomer
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n.误称 | |
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pathos
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n.哀婉,悲怆 | |
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literally
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adv.照字面意义,逐字地;确实 | |
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grotesque
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adj.怪诞的,丑陋的;n.怪诞的图案,怪人(物) | |
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motive
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n.动机,目的;adv.发动的,运动的 | |
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ply
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v.(搬运工等)等候顾客,弯曲 | |
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capability
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n.能力;才能;(pl)可发展的能力或特性等 | |
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obsolete
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adj.已废弃的,过时的 | |
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knight
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n.骑士,武士;爵士 | |
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mingling
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adj.混合的 | |
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determined
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adj.坚定的;有决心的 | |
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worthy
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adj.(of)值得的,配得上的;有价值的 | |
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gaily
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adv.欢乐地,高兴地 | |
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miscarriage
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n.失败,未达到预期的结果;流产 | |
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confided
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v.吐露(秘密,心事等)( confide的过去式和过去分词 );(向某人)吐露(隐私、秘密等) | |
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irony
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n.反语,冷嘲;具有讽刺意味的事,嘲弄 | |
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snobs
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(谄上傲下的)势利小人( snob的名词复数 ); 自高自大者,自命不凡者 | |
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judgment
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n.审判;判断力,识别力,看法,意见 | |
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satirist
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n.讽刺诗作者,讽刺家,爱挖苦别人的人 | |
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economist
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n.经济学家,经济专家,节俭的人 | |
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rue
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n.懊悔,芸香,后悔;v.后悔,悲伤,懊悔 | |
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sublime
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adj.崇高的,伟大的;极度的,不顾后果的 | |
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hoary
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adj.古老的;鬓发斑白的 | |
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blasphemy
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n.亵渎,渎神 | |
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den
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n.兽穴;秘密地方;安静的小房间,私室 | |
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fattening
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adj.(食物)要使人发胖的v.喂肥( fatten的现在分词 );养肥(牲畜);使(钱)增多;使(公司)升值 | |
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groves
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树丛,小树林( grove的名词复数 ) | |
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droll
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adj.古怪的,好笑的 | |
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graphic
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adj.生动的,形象的,绘画的,文字的,图表的 | |
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forerunner
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n.前身,先驱(者),预兆,祖先 | |
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urns
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n.壶( urn的名词复数 );瓮;缸;骨灰瓮 | |
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copper
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n.铜;铜币;铜器;adj.铜(制)的;(紫)铜色的 | |
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zinc
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n.锌;vt.在...上镀锌 | |
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squeal
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v.发出长而尖的声音;n.长而尖的声音 | |
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snug
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adj.温暖舒适的,合身的,安全的;v.使整洁干净,舒适地依靠,紧贴;n.(英)酒吧里的私房 | |
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waggons
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四轮的运货马车( waggon的名词复数 ); 铁路货车; 小手推车 | |
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cork
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n.软木,软木塞 | |
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uncommon
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adj.罕见的,非凡的,不平常的 | |
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thump
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v.重击,砰然地响;n.重击,重击声 | |
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fixed
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adj.固定的,不变的,准备好的;(计算机)固定的 | |
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sate
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v.使充分满足 | |
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criticise
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v.批评,评论;非难 | |
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peculiar
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adj.古怪的,异常的;特殊的,特有的 | |
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entirely
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ad.全部地,完整地;完全地,彻底地 | |
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improperly
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不正确地,不适当地 | |
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peculiarities
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n. 特质, 特性, 怪癖, 古怪 | |
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unnaturally
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adv.违反习俗地;不自然地;勉强地;不近人情地 | |
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unaware
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a.不知道的,未意识到的 | |
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urbane
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adj.温文尔雅的,懂礼的 | |
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grievance
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n.怨愤,气恼,委屈 | |
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elicits
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引出,探出( elicit的第三人称单数 ) | |
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calumniated
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v.诽谤,中伤( calumniate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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slanders
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诽谤,诋毁( slander的名词复数 ) | |
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mincing
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adj.矫饰的;v.切碎;切碎 | |
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tacked
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用平头钉钉( tack的过去式和过去分词 ); 附加,增补; 帆船抢风行驶,用粗线脚缝 | |
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quaint
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adj.古雅的,离奇有趣的,奇怪的 | |
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chivalry
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n.骑士气概,侠义;(男人)对女人彬彬有礼,献殷勤 | |
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patriotism
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n.爱国精神,爱国心,爱国主义 | |
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foul
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adj.污秽的;邪恶的;v.弄脏;妨害;犯规;n.犯规 | |
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deigned
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v.屈尊,俯就( deign的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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disdain
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n.鄙视,轻视;v.轻视,鄙视,不屑 | |
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loathed
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v.憎恨,厌恶( loathe的过去式和过去分词 );极不喜欢 | |
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tunes
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n.曲调,曲子( tune的名词复数 )v.调音( tune的第三人称单数 );调整;(给收音机、电视等)调谐;使协调 | |
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bloody
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adj.非常的的;流血的;残忍的;adv.很;vt.血染 | |
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recollect
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v.回忆,想起,记起,忆起,记得 | |
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axe
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n.斧子;v.用斧头砍,削减 | |
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stanza
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n.(诗)节,段 | |
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persistency
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n. 坚持(余辉, 时间常数) | |
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slaughter
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n.屠杀,屠宰;vt.屠杀,宰杀 | |
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scudding
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n.刮面v.(尤指船、舰或云彩)笔直、高速而平稳地移动( scud的现在分词 ) | |
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lashed
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adj.具睫毛的v.鞭打( lash的过去式和过去分词 );煽动;紧系;怒斥 | |
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lather
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n.(肥皂水的)泡沫,激动 | |
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grumbled
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抱怨( grumble的过去式和过去分词 ); 发牢骚; 咕哝; 发哼声 | |
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commotion
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n.骚动,动乱 | |
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fowls
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鸟( fowl的名词复数 ); 禽肉; 既不是这; 非驴非马 | |
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shriek
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v./n.尖叫,叫喊 | |
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funnels
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漏斗( funnel的名词复数 ); (轮船,火车等的)烟囱 | |
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seamen
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n.海员 | |
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bawling
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v.大叫,大喊( bawl的现在分词 );放声大哭;大声叫出;叫卖(货物) | |
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awaken
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vi.醒,觉醒;vt.唤醒,使觉醒,唤起,激起 | |
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stew
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n.炖汤,焖,烦恼;v.炖汤,焖,忧虑 | |
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steward
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n.乘务员,服务员;看管人;膳食管理员 | |
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groaned
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v.呻吟( groan的过去式和过去分词 );发牢骚;抱怨;受苦 | |
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plunging
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adj.跳进的,突进的v.颠簸( plunge的现在分词 );暴跌;骤降;突降 | |
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emergence
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n.浮现,显现,出现,(植物)突出体 | |
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countless
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adj.无数的,多得不计其数的 | |
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virgins
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处女,童男( virgin的名词复数 ); 童贞玛利亚(耶稣之母) | |
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shrieking
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v.尖叫( shriek的现在分词 ) | |
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doused
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v.浇水在…上( douse的过去式和过去分词 );熄灯[火] | |
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fleas
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n.跳蚤( flea的名词复数 );爱财如命;没好气地(拒绝某人的要求) | |
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progeny
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n.后代,子孙;结果 | |
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greasy
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adj. 多脂的,油脂的 | |
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jabbered
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v.急切而含混不清地说( jabber的过去式和过去分词 );急促兴奋地说话 | |
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filthy
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adj.卑劣的;恶劣的,肮脏的 | |
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woe
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n.悲哀,苦痛,不幸,困难;int.用来表达悲伤或惊慌 | |
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lamentation
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n.悲叹,哀悼 | |
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consternation
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n.大为吃惊,惊骇 | |
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drenches
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v.使湿透( drench的第三人称单数 );在某人(某物)上大量使用(某液体) | |
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brats
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n.调皮捣蛋的孩子( brat的名词复数 ) | |
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peg
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n.木栓,木钉;vt.用木钉钉,用短桩固定 | |
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squire
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n.护卫, 侍从, 乡绅 | |
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sergeant
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n.警官,中士 | |
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burlesque
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v.嘲弄,戏仿;n.嘲弄,取笑,滑稽模仿 | |
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garnish
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n.装饰,添饰,配菜 | |
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epic
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n.史诗,叙事诗;adj.史诗般的,壮丽的 | |
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broth
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n.原(汁)汤(鱼汤、肉汤、菜汤等) | |
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brew
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v.酿造,调制 | |
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tavern
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n.小旅馆,客栈;小酒店 | |
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victuals
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n.食物;食品 | |
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afflicting
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痛苦的 | |
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oysters
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牡蛎( oyster的名词复数 ) | |
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grimace
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v.做鬼脸,面部歪扭 | |
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shrugs
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n.耸肩(以表示冷淡,怀疑等)( shrug的名词复数 ) | |
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retrace
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v.折回;追溯,探源 | |
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jack
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n.插座,千斤顶,男人;v.抬起,提醒,扛举;n.(Jake)杰克 | |
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wondrous
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adj.令人惊奇的,奇妙的;adv.惊人地;异乎寻常地;令人惊叹地 | |
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spoke
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n.(车轮的)辐条;轮辐;破坏某人的计划;阻挠某人的行动 v.讲,谈(speak的过去式);说;演说;从某种观点来说 | |
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ordain
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vi.颁发命令;vt.命令,授以圣职,注定,任命 | |
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ridicule
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v.讥讽,挖苦;n.嘲弄 | |
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