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CHAPTER III. THE OX.
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We find it stated, that the oxen of India are of the height of camels, and that the extremities1 of their horns are four feet apart. In our part of the world the most valuable oxen are those of Epirus, owing, it is said, to the attention paid to their breed by King Pyrrhus. He brought them to a very large size, and descendants of this breed are to be seen at the present day. The ox is the only animal that walks backwards2 while it is feeding; among the Garamantes, they feed 113 in no other manner.[114] Cattle that are bred in the Alps, although very small of body, give a great quantity of milk, and are capable of enduring much labor3; they are yoked4 by the horns, and not by the neck. The oxen of Syria have no dewlap, but have a hump on the back. Those of Caria in Asia, are unsightly in appearance, having a hump hanging over the shoulders from the neck; and their horns are movable; they are said, however, to be excellent workers, though those which are either black or white are condemned5 as worthless for labor. Oxen must be broken when they are three years old; after that it is too late, and before too early. The ox is most easily broken by yoking7 it with a trained animal. The ox is our closest companion, both in labor generally, and in the operations of agriculture. Our ancestors considered it of so much value, that there is an instance cited of a man being brought before the Roman people, on a day appointed, and condemned, for having killed an ox, in order to humor the whim8 of his wife, who said that she had never tasted tripe9; and he was driven into exile, just as though he had killed one of his own peasants.
The bull has a proud air, a stern forehead, shaggy ears, and horns which appear always ready, and challenging to the combat; but it is by his fore
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1
extremities
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n.端点( extremity的名词复数 );尽头;手和足;极窘迫的境地 | |
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2
backwards
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adv.往回地,向原处,倒,相反,前后倒置地 | |
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3
labor
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n.劳动,努力,工作,劳工;分娩;vi.劳动,努力,苦干;vt.详细分析;麻烦 | |
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4
yoked
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结合(yoke的过去式形式) | |
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5
condemned
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adj. 被责难的, 被宣告有罪的 动词condemn的过去式和过去分词 | |
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6
fore
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adv.在前面;adj.先前的;在前部的;n.前部 | |
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7
yoking
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配轭,矿区的分界 | |
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8
whim
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n.一时的兴致,突然的念头;奇想,幻想 | |
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9
tripe
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n.废话,肚子, 内脏 | |
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10
lashing
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n.鞭打;痛斥;大量;许多v.鞭打( lash的现在分词 );煽动;紧系;怒斥 | |
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11
belly
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n.肚子,腹部;(像肚子一样)鼓起的部分,膛 | |
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12
killing
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n.巨额利润;突然赚大钱,发大财 | |
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13
appeasing
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安抚,抚慰( appease的现在分词 ); 绥靖(满足另一国的要求以避免战争) | |
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14
calf
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n.小牛,犊,幼仔,小牛皮 | |
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15
joint
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adj.联合的,共同的;n.关节,接合处;v.连接,贴合 | |
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16
calves
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n.(calf的复数)笨拙的男子,腓;腿肚子( calf的名词复数 );牛犊;腓;小腿肚v.生小牛( calve的第三人称单数 );(冰川)崩解;生(小牛等),产(犊);使(冰川)崩解 | |
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17
lame
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adj.跛的,(辩解、论据等)无说服力的 | |
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18
uncommon
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adj.罕见的,非凡的,不平常的 | |
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19
prodigy
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n.惊人的事物,奇迹,神童,天才,预兆 | |
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