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CHAPTER VII
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MOST ANCIENT NATION WAS KIND TO CHILDREN—ECONOMIC PRESSURE BROUGHT NO SPECIAL CRUELTY—PICTURE OF THE PROLETARIAT—ABJURATIONS OF THE OLDEST BOOK IN THE WORLD—EGYPTIANS AS SEEN BY DIODORUS SICULUS—DEGENERATING EFFECT OF GREEK SUPREMACY1.
PLEISTOCENE man wandered from the Indo-Malaysia region into the northern part of Africa, and there, in the Nile valley, the Egyptian Hamites, as a truly autochthonous race, were evolved.
In a climate particularly favourable3, great progress was made by these aboriginal4 people, especially in the New Stone Age, which was of unusually long duration, as can be seen from the beautiful flint knives plated with gold on which are carved animal figures.145 That the actual beginnings of Egyptian culture are twice as long as the historic period is the statement of Keane, and Oppert claims that there are indications of a thoroughly5 established social and political organization as far back as 11,500 years b. c.
(REPRODUCED FROM “THE GODS OF THE EGYPTIANS, OR STUDIES IN EGYPTIAN MYTHOLOGY”)
It is therefore not surprising that we find among 107the Egyptians, just as we find among the Sumerians and the Akkadians, who were contemporaneous in civilization about four and five thousand years before Christ, that the attitude toward children is settled, and apparently7 in the child’s favour; for aside from occasional sacrificial offerings in which the child is on a par2 at least with the slave or the servant about to be sacrificed, there is no evidence of the endeavour to do away with the children on the scale that we find in ancient Greece and Rome and later in India and China.
Had there been, however, less positive division of castes in Egypt, the infants of the higher class would not have been as well treated. The lives of the military and priestly castes were almost sacred146; it was on them that the king relied for support, and the rest of the population, whether
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1
supremacy
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n.至上;至高权力 | |
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par
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n.标准,票面价值,平均数量;adj.票面的,平常的,标准的 | |
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favourable
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adj.赞成的,称赞的,有利的,良好的,顺利的 | |
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aboriginal
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adj.(指动植物)土生的,原产地的,土著的 | |
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thoroughly
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adv.完全地,彻底地,十足地 | |
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papyrus
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n.古以纸草制成之纸 | |
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apparently
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adv.显然地;表面上,似乎 | |
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nominally
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在名义上,表面地; 应名儿 | |
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incessant
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adj.不停的,连续的 | |
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toil
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vi.辛劳工作,艰难地行动;n.苦工,难事 | |
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satiric
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adj.讽刺的,挖苦的 | |
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varied
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adj.多样的,多变化的 | |
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dreaded
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adj.令人畏惧的;害怕的v.害怕,恐惧,担心( dread的过去式和过去分词) | |
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gathering
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n.集会,聚会,聚集 | |
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rugged
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adj.高低不平的,粗糙的,粗壮的,强健的 | |
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stinking
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adj.臭的,烂醉的,讨厌的v.散发出恶臭( stink的现在分词 );发臭味;名声臭;糟透 | |
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chisel
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n.凿子;v.用凿子刻,雕,凿 | |
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durable
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adj.持久的,耐久的 | |
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belly
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n.肚子,腹部;(像肚子一样)鼓起的部分,膛 | |
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misery
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n.痛苦,苦恼,苦难;悲惨的境遇,贫苦 | |
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weaver
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n.织布工;编织者 | |
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squatting
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v.像动物一样蹲下( squat的现在分词 );非法擅自占用(土地或房屋);为获得其所有权;而占用某片公共用地。 | |
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fatigue
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n.疲劳,劳累 | |
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hatred
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n.憎恶,憎恨,仇恨 | |
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spawning
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产卵 | |
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gnaws
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咬( gnaw的第三人称单数 ); (长时间) 折磨某人; (使)苦恼; (长时间)危害某事物 | |
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baker
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n.面包师 | |
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dough
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n.生面团;钱,现款 | |
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supreme
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adj.极度的,最重要的;至高的,最高的 | |
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parental
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adj.父母的;父的;母的 | |
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deities
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n.神,女神( deity的名词复数 );神祗;神灵;神明 | |
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reign
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n.统治时期,统治,支配,盛行;v.占优势 | |
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precepts
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n.规诫,戒律,箴言( precept的名词复数 ) | |
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remarkable
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adj.显著的,异常的,非凡的,值得注意的 | |
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enjoin
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v.命令;吩咐;禁止 | |
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prosper
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v.成功,兴隆,昌盛;使成功,使昌隆,繁荣 | |
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pointed
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adj.尖的,直截了当的 | |
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obedience
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n.服从,顺从 | |
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perpetuate
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v.使永存,使永记不忘 | |
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prominence
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n.突出;显著;杰出;重要 | |
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eldest
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adj.最年长的,最年老的 | |
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Founder
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n.创始者,缔造者 | |
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forth
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adv.向前;向外,往外 | |
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excavations
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n.挖掘( excavation的名词复数 );开凿;开凿的洞穴(或山路等);(发掘出来的)古迹 | |
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commemorated
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v.纪念,庆祝( commemorate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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abiding
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adj.永久的,持久的,不变的 | |
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coffin
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n.棺材,灵柩 | |
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antiquity
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n.古老;高龄;古物,古迹 | |
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repealed
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撤销,废除( repeal的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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glazed
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adj.光滑的,像玻璃的;上过釉的;呆滞无神的v.装玻璃( glaze的过去式);上釉于,上光;(目光)变得呆滞无神 | |
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primitive
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adj.原始的;简单的;n.原(始)人,原始事物 | |
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indifference
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n.不感兴趣,不关心,冷淡,不在乎 | |
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progeny
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n.后代,子孙;结果 | |
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deterred
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v.阻止,制止( deter的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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repentance
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n.懊悔 | |
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well-being
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n.安康,安乐,幸福 | |
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bastards
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私生子( bastard的名词复数 ); 坏蛋; 讨厌的事物; 麻烦事 (认为别人走运或不幸时说)家伙 | |
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begotten
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v.为…之生父( beget的过去分词 );产生,引起 | |
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begets
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v.为…之生父( beget的第三人称单数 );产生,引起 | |
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nourishment
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n.食物,营养品;营养情况 | |
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admiration
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n.钦佩,赞美,羡慕 | |
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broth
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n.原(汁)汤(鱼汤、肉汤、菜汤等) | |
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fens
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n.(尤指英格兰东部的)沼泽地带( fen的名词复数 ) | |
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temperate
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adj.温和的,温带的,自我克制的,不过分的 | |
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populous
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adj.人口稠密的,人口众多的 | |
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affected
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adj.不自然的,假装的 | |
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dealing
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n.经商方法,待人态度 | |
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embalming
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v.保存(尸体)不腐( embalm的现在分词 );使不被遗忘;使充满香气 | |
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incisions
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n.切开,切口( incision的名词复数 ) | |
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embalmed
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adj.用防腐药物保存(尸体)的v.保存(尸体)不腐( embalm的过去式和过去分词 );使不被遗忘;使充满香气 | |
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execration
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n.诅咒,念咒,憎恶 | |
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chary
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adj.谨慎的,细心的 | |
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procured
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v.(努力)取得, (设法)获得( procure的过去式和过去分词 );拉皮条 | |
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assassination
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n.暗杀;暗杀事件 | |
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endearment
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n.表示亲爱的行为 | |
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entreat
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v.恳求,恳请 | |
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CHAPTER VI
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CHAPTER VIII
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