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CHAPTER XII
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EXPOSURE BY A CIVILIZED1 PEOPLE—LACK OF HUMANITY AMONG THE GREEKS—THEIR MYTHOLOGY2 AN EVIDENCE—CHILDREN IN HOMER.
THAT the people of the greatest nation of antiquity3, with all their intellect, their subtlety4, their productivity in humanity, art, and moral ideas, were wanting in heart, is the statement of one of the greatest scholars of modern times, a scholar who has also earned the right to be classed among the admirers and defenders5 of the Greeks.
“Their humanity,” says Mahaffy, “was spasmodic and not constant. Their kindness was limited to friends and family, and included no chivalry6 to foes7 or to helpless slaves. Antiphon, in speaking of the danger of conviction on insufficient8 evidence, mentions the case of the murder of his master by a slave boy of twelve,”277 and had not the slave-boy murderer revealed by his actions the fact that he was guilty of the deed, the murdered man’s whole family would have been put to death on the theory that someone in the family was guilty of the murder, as the real culprit was too young, under the law, to be suspected of crime.
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The Greek’s kindness did not extend to his new-born children. We shall see later among the Romans that, from the time of Romulus to the passing of the Roman Empire, there was an upward tendency in the attitude of the Romans toward children. In eight centuries, the Romans changed, from a people indifferent to the fate of the newly-born, to a nation over which the humane9 Antonines ruled, and ruled successfully.
Among the Greeks, from the time of Homeric legend, which is supposed to be about 1000 b. c., up to the time of the Oxyrhynchus Papyri, a period of over a thousand years, the Greeks changed not at all in
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1
civilized
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a.有教养的,文雅的 | |
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mythology
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n.神话,神话学,神话集 | |
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3
antiquity
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n.古老;高龄;古物,古迹 | |
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subtlety
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n.微妙,敏锐,精巧;微妙之处,细微的区别 | |
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defenders
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n.防御者( defender的名词复数 );守卫者;保护者;辩护者 | |
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chivalry
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n.骑士气概,侠义;(男人)对女人彬彬有礼,献殷勤 | |
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foes
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敌人,仇敌( foe的名词复数 ) | |
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insufficient
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adj.(for,of)不足的,不够的 | |
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humane
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adj.人道的,富有同情心的 | |
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callous
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adj.无情的,冷淡的,硬结的,起老茧的 | |
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indifference
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n.不感兴趣,不关心,冷淡,不在乎 | |
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ardent
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adj.热情的,热烈的,强烈的,烈性的 | |
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conceal
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v.隐藏,隐瞒,隐蔽 | |
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lame
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adj.跛的,(辩解、论据等)无说服力的 | |
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slain
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杀死,宰杀,杀戮( slay的过去分词 ); (slay的过去分词) | |
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par
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n.标准,票面价值,平均数量;adj.票面的,平常的,标准的 | |
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mighty
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adj.强有力的;巨大的 | |
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recesses
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n.壁凹( recess的名词复数 );(工作或业务活动的)中止或暂停期间;学校的课间休息;某物内部的凹形空间v.把某物放在墙壁的凹处( recess的第三人称单数 );将(墙)做成凹形,在(墙)上做壁龛;休息,休会,休庭 | |
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dense
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a.密集的,稠密的,浓密的;密度大的 | |
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forth
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adv.向前;向外,往外 | |
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reigned
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vi.当政,统治(reign的过去式形式) | |
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wrath
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n.愤怒,愤慨,暴怒 | |
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hind
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adj.后面的,后部的 | |
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founders
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n.创始人( founder的名词复数 ) | |
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afterward
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adv.后来;以后 | |
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reprehensible
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adj.该受责备的 | |
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abhorrent
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adj.可恶的,可恨的,讨厌的 | |
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inevitable
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adj.不可避免的,必然发生的 | |
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philosophic
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adj.哲学的,贤明的 | |
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hearth
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n.壁炉炉床,壁炉地面 | |
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sham
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n./adj.假冒(的),虚伪(的) | |
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accrued
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adj.权责已发生的v.增加( accrue的过去式和过去分词 );(通过自然增长)产生;获得;(使钱款、债务)积累 | |
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excavated
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v.挖掘( excavate的过去式和过去分词 );开凿;挖出;发掘 | |
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plethora
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n.过量,过剩 | |
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allusions
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暗指,间接提到( allusion的名词复数 ) | |
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prohibition
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n.禁止;禁令,禁律 | |
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prehistoric
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adj.(有记载的)历史以前的,史前的,古老的 | |
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domain
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n.(活动等)领域,范围;领地,势力范围 | |
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undoubtedly
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adv.确实地,无疑地 | |
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doctrine
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n.教义;主义;学说 | |
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primitive
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adj.原始的;简单的;n.原(始)人,原始事物 | |
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relic
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n.神圣的遗物,遗迹,纪念物 | |
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mythical
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adj.神话的;虚构的;想像的 | |
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ware
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n.(常用复数)商品,货物 | |
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mead
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n.蜂蜜酒 | |
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ridge
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n.山脊;鼻梁;分水岭 | |
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spikes
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n.穗( spike的名词复数 );跑鞋;(防滑)鞋钉;尖状物v.加烈酒于( spike的第三人称单数 );偷偷地给某人的饮料加入(更多)酒精( 或药物);把尖状物钉入;打乱某人的计划 | |
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thither
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adv.向那里;adj.在那边的,对岸的 | |
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motives
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n.动机,目的( motive的名词复数 ) | |
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initiatory
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adj.开始的;创始的;入会的;入社的 | |
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prominence
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n.突出;显著;杰出;重要 | |
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minor
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adj.较小(少)的,较次要的;n.辅修学科;vi.辅修 | |
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literally
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adv.照字面意义,逐字地;确实 | |
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decided
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adj.决定了的,坚决的;明显的,明确的 | |
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amorous
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adj.多情的;有关爱情的 | |
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conceals
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v.隐藏,隐瞒,遮住( conceal的第三人称单数 ) | |
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mere
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adj.纯粹的;仅仅,只不过 | |
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legitimacy
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n.合法,正当 | |
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necessitated
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使…成为必要,需要( necessitate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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attained
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(通常经过努力)实现( attain的过去式和过去分词 ); 达到; 获得; 达到(某年龄、水平、状况) | |
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remains
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n.剩余物,残留物;遗体,遗迹 | |
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tranquillity
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n. 平静, 安静 | |
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posterity
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n.后裔,子孙,后代 | |
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condemned
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adj. 被责难的, 被宣告有罪的 动词condemn的过去式和过去分词 | |
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dreaded
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adj.令人畏惧的;害怕的v.害怕,恐惧,担心( dread的过去式和过去分词) | |
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dwelling
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n.住宅,住所,寓所 | |
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paternal
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adj.父亲的,像父亲的,父系的,父方的 | |
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expedient
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adj.有用的,有利的;n.紧急的办法,权宜之计 | |
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misery
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n.痛苦,苦恼,苦难;悲惨的境遇,贫苦 | |
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progeny
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n.后代,子孙;结果 | |
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dolorous
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adj.悲伤的;忧愁的 | |
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malady
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n.病,疾病(通常做比喻) | |
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puny
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adj.微不足道的,弱小的 | |
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patrimony
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n.世袭财产,继承物 | |
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alleged
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a.被指控的,嫌疑的 | |
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reclaims
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v.开拓( reclaim的第三人称单数 );要求收回;从废料中回收(有用的材料);挽救 | |
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perpetuating
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perpetuate的现在进行式 | |
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peremptorily
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adv.紧急地,不容分说地,专横地 | |
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artifices
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n.灵巧( artifice的名词复数 );诡计;巧妙办法;虚伪行为 | |
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CHAPTER XI
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CHAPTER XIII
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