The Bustān of Sadi
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CHAPTER VII

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 CONCERNING EDUCATION
 
Those who turn the reins1 of their desires from unlawful things have surpassed Rustam[31] and Sām[32] in valour.
 
None is so fearful of the enemy as thou, slave of thine own passions.
 
Thy earthly body is a city, containing both good and evil; thou art the King, and Reason is thy wise minister.
 
In this city, the headstrong men pursue their trades of avarice3 and greed; Resignation and Temperance are the citizens of fame and virtue4; Lust5 and Wantonness the thieves and pick-pockets.
 
When the king shows favour to the wicked, how can the wise remain in peace?
 
The passions of evil, envy, and hatred6 are inherent in thee as is the blood of thy veins7. If these thine enemies gained in strength they would turn their heads from thy rule and counsel; no resistance do they offer when they see the mailed fist of Reason.
 
Night-thieves and vagabonds wander not in the places where the patrols guard.
 
[89]
 
The chief who punishes not his enemy is bereft8 of power by the strength of the latter.
 
More on this point I will not speak—a word suffices to him who puts into practice what he reads.
Discourse9 concerning the Excellence10 Of Taciturnity
 
Be silent, O thou who knowest many things! for he that speaketh little will be free from reproach on the Day of Judgment

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1 reins 370afc7786679703b82ccfca58610c98     
感情，激情； 缰( rein的名词复数 )； 控制手段； 掌管； （成人带着幼儿走路以防其走失时用的）保护带
参考例句：
  • She pulled gently on the reins. 她轻轻地拉着缰绳。
  • The government has imposed strict reins on the import of luxury goods. 政府对奢侈品的进口有严格的控制手段。
2 lawful ipKzCt     
adj.法律许可的，守法的，合法的
参考例句：
  • It is not lawful to park in front of a hydrant.在消火栓前停车是不合法的。
  • We don't recognised him to be the lawful heir.我们不承认他为合法继承人。
3 avarice KeHyX     
n.贪婪；贪心
参考例句：
  • Avarice is the bane to happiness.贪婪是损毁幸福的祸根。
  • Their avarice knows no bounds and you can never satisfy them.他们贪得无厌，你永远无法满足他们。
4 virtue BpqyH     
n.德行，美德；贞操；优点；功效，效力
参考例句：
  • He was considered to be a paragon of virtue.他被认为是品德尽善尽美的典范。
  • You need to decorate your mind with virtue.你应该用德行美化心灵。
5 lust N8rz1     
n.性(淫)欲；渴(欲)望；vi.对…有强烈的欲望
参考例句：
  • He was filled with lust for power.他内心充满了对权力的渴望。
  • Sensing the explorer's lust for gold, the chief wisely presented gold ornaments as gifts.酋长觉察出探险者们垂涎黄金的欲念，就聪明地把金饰品作为礼物赠送给他们。
6 hatred T5Gyg     
n.憎恶，憎恨，仇恨
参考例句：
  • He looked at me with hatred in his eyes.他以憎恨的眼光望着我。
  • The old man was seized with burning hatred for the fascists.老人对法西斯主义者充满了仇恨。
7 veins 65827206226d9e2d78ea2bfe697c6329     
n.纹理；矿脉( vein的名词复数 )；静脉；叶脉；纹理
参考例句：
  • The blood flows from the capillaries back into the veins. 血从毛细血管流回静脉。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • I felt a pleasant glow in all my veins from the wine. 喝过酒后我浑身的血都热烘烘的，感到很舒服。 来自《简明英汉词典》
8 bereft ndjy9     
adj.被剥夺的
参考例句：
  • The place seemed to be utterly bereft of human life.这个地方似乎根本没有人烟。
  • She was bereft of happiness.她失去了幸福。
9 discourse 2lGz0     
n.论文，演说；谈话；话语；vi.讲述，著述
参考例句：
  • We'll discourse on the subject tonight.我们今晚要谈论这个问题。
  • He fell into discourse with the customers who were drinking at the counter.他和站在柜台旁的酒客谈了起来。
10 excellence ZnhxM     
n.优秀，杰出，(pl.)优点，美德
参考例句：
  • His art has reached a high degree of excellence.他的艺术已达到炉火纯青的地步。
  • My performance is far below excellence.我的表演离优秀还差得远呢。
11 judgment e3xxC     
n.审判；判断力，识别力，看法，意见
参考例句：
  • The chairman flatters himself on his judgment of people.主席自认为他审视人比别人高明。
  • He's a man of excellent judgment.他眼力过人。
12 heed ldQzi     
v.注意，留意；n.注意，留心
参考例句：
  • You must take heed of what he has told.你要注意他所告诉的事。
  • For the first time he had to pay heed to his appearance.这是他第一次非得注意自己的外表不可了。
13 musk v6pzO     
n.麝香, 能发出麝香的各种各样的植物，香猫
参考例句：
  • Musk is used for perfume and stimulant.麝香可以用作香料和兴奋剂。
  • She scented her clothes with musk.她用麝香使衣服充满了香味。
14 slander 7ESzF     
n./v.诽谤，污蔑
参考例句：
  • The article is a slander on ordinary working people.那篇文章是对普通劳动大众的诋毁。
  • He threatened to go public with the slander.他威胁要把丑闻宣扬出去。
15 diffused 5aa05ed088f24537ef05f482af006de0     
散布的，普及的，扩散的
参考例句：
  • A drop of milk diffused in the water. 一滴牛奶在水中扩散开来。
  • Gases and liquids diffused. 气体和液体慢慢混合了。
16 entrust JoLxh     
v.信赖，信托，交托
参考例句：
  • I couldn't entrust my children to strangers.我不能把孩子交给陌生人照看。
  • They can be entrusted to solve major national problems.可以委托他们解决重大国家问题。
17 treasurers b330f0892e5f171982a6d39d1e7d4ddd     
（团体等的）司库，财务主管( treasurer的名词复数 )
参考例句：
  • At the same time, individuals need to hold their pension fund managers and state treasurers accountable. 同时，个人需要使他们的养老基金管理者和州财务人员变得负有责任。
  • Last question, what's your advice for our treasurers to get through the crisis? 最后的问题，对于司库们更好的度过危机，您有什么建议吗？
18 demon Wmdyj     
n.魔鬼，恶魔
参考例句：
  • The demon of greed ruined the miser's happiness.贪得无厌的恶习毁掉了那个守财奴的幸福。
  • He has been possessed by the demon of disease for years.他多年来病魔缠身。
19 stratagem ThlyQ     
n.诡计，计谋
参考例句：
  • Knit the brows and a stratagem comes to mind.眉头一皱，计上心来。
  • Trade discounts may be used as a competitive stratagem to secure customer loyalty.商业折扣可以用作维护顾客忠诚度的一种竞争策略。
20 illustrating a99f5be8a18291b13baa6ba429f04101     
给…加插图( illustrate的现在分词 )； 说明； 表明； （用示例、图画等）说明
参考例句：
  • He upstaged the other speakers by illustrating his talk with slides. 他演讲中配上幻灯片，比其他演讲人更吸引听众。
  • Material illustrating detailed structure of graptolites has been etched from limestone by means of hydrofluoric acid. 表明笔石详细构造的物质是利用氢氟酸从石灰岩中侵蚀出来。
21 mendicant 973z5     
n.乞丐；adj.行乞的
参考例句：
  • He seemed not an ordinary mendicant.他好象不是寻常的乞丐。
  • The one-legged mendicant begins to beg from door to door.独腿乞丐开始挨门乞讨。
22 moths de674306a310c87ab410232ea1555cbb     
n.蛾( moth的名词复数 )
参考例句：
  • The moths have eaten holes in my wool coat. 蛀虫将我的羊毛衫蛀蚀了几个小洞。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • The moths tapped and blurred at the window screen. 飞蛾在窗帘上跳来跳去，弄上了许多污点。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
23 concealed 0v3zxG     
a.隐藏的，隐蔽的
参考例句：
  • The paintings were concealed beneath a thick layer of plaster. 那些画被隐藏在厚厚的灰泥层下面。
  • I think he had a gun concealed about his person. 我认为他当时身上藏有一支枪。
24 followers 5c342ee9ce1bf07932a1f66af2be7652     
追随者( follower的名词复数 )； 用户； 契据的附面； 从动件
参考例句：
  • the followers of Mahatma Gandhi 圣雄甘地的拥护者
  • The reformer soon gathered a band of followers round him. 改革者很快就获得一群追随者支持他。
25 dispersed b24c637ca8e58669bce3496236c839fa     
adj. 被驱散的, 被分散的, 散布的
参考例句：
  • The clouds dispersed themselves. 云散了。
  • After school the children dispersed to their homes. 放学后，孩子们四散回家了。
26 mosque U15y3     
n.清真寺
参考例句：
  • The mosque is a activity site and culture center of Muslim religion.清真寺为穆斯林宗教活动场所和文化中心。
  • Some years ago the clock in the tower of the mosque got out of order.几年前，清真寺钟楼里的大钟失灵了。
27 deformed iutzwV     
adj.畸形的；变形的；丑的，破相了的
参考例句：
  • He was born with a deformed right leg.他出生时右腿畸形。
  • His body was deformed by leprosy.他的身体因为麻风病变形了。
28 blemishes 2ad7254c0430eec38a98c602743aa558     
n.（身体的）瘢点( blemish的名词复数 )；伤疤；瑕疵；污点
参考例句：
  • make-up to cover blemishes 遮盖霜
  • The blemishes of ancestors appear. 祖先的各种瑕疵都渐渐显露出来。 来自辞典例句
29 wilt oMNz5     
v.(使)植物凋谢或枯萎；(指人)疲倦，衰弱
参考例句：
  • Golden roses do not wilt and will never need to be watered.金色的玫瑰不枯萎绝也不需要浇水。
  • Several sleepless nights made him wilt.数个不眠之夜使他憔悴。
30 folly QgOzL     
n.愚笨，愚蠢，蠢事，蠢行，傻话
参考例句：
  • Learn wisdom by the folly of others.从别人的愚蠢行动中学到智慧。
  • Events proved the folly of such calculations.事情的进展证明了这种估计是愚蠢的。
31 improper b9txi     
adj.不适当的，不合适的，不正确的，不合礼仪的
参考例句：
  • Short trousers are improper at a dance.舞会上穿短裤不成体统。
  • Laughing and joking are improper at a funeral.葬礼时大笑和开玩笑是不合适的。
32 throttled 1be2c244a7b85bf921df7bf52074492b     
v.扼杀( throttle的过去式和过去分词 )；勒死；使窒息；压制
参考例句：
  • He throttled the guard with his bare hands. 他徒手掐死了卫兵。
  • The pilot got very low before he throttled back. 飞行员减速之前下降得很低。 来自《简明英汉词典》
33 conceited Cv0zxi     
adj.自负的，骄傲自满的
参考例句：
  • He could not bear that they should be so conceited.他们这样自高自大他受不了。
  • I'm not as conceited as so many people seem to think.我不像很多人认为的那么自负。
34 quenched dae604e1ea7cf81e688b2bffd9b9f2c4     
解（渴）( quench的过去式和过去分词 )； 终止（某事物）； （用水）扑灭（火焰等）； 将（热物体）放入水中急速冷却
参考例句：
  • He quenched his thirst with a long drink of cold water. 他喝了好多冷水解渴。
  • I quenched my thirst with a glass of cold beer. 我喝了一杯冰啤酒解渴。
35 thereby Sokwv     
adv.因此，从而
参考例句：
  • I have never been to that city,,ereby I don't know much about it.我从未去过那座城市，因此对它不怎么熟悉。
  • He became a British citizen,thereby gaining the right to vote.他成了英国公民，因而得到了投票权。
36 slandering 0d87fbb56b8982c90fab995203f7e063     
[法]口头诽谤行为
参考例句：
  • He's a snake in the grass. While pretending to be your friend he was slandering you behind your back. 他是个暗敌， 表面上装作是你的朋友，背地里却在诽谤你。
  • He has been questioned on suspicion of slandering the Prime Minister. 他由于涉嫌诽谤首相而受到了盘问。
37 slanderer 3c3f89ffb36cf831ae398a43aa89e520     
造谣中伤者
参考例句：
  • A perverse man spreads strife, And a slanderer separates intimate friends. 箴16:28乖僻人播散分争．传舌的离间密友。
  • Desdemona. O, fie upon thee, slanderer! 苔丝狄蒙娜啊，啐！你这毁谤女人的家伙！
38 envious n8SyX     
adj.嫉妒的，羡慕的
参考例句：
  • I don't think I'm envious of your success.我想我并不嫉妒你的成功。
  • She is envious of Jane's good looks and covetous of her car.她既忌妒简的美貌又垂涎她的汽车。
39 malevolence malevolence     
n.恶意，狠毒
参考例句：
  • I had always been aware of a frame of malevolence under his urbanity. 我常常觉察到，在他温文尔雅的下面掩藏着一种恶意。 来自辞典例句
40 commendable LXXyw     
adj.值得称赞的
参考例句：
  • The government's action here is highly commendable.政府这样的行动值得高度赞扬。
  • Such carping is not commendable.这样吹毛求疵真不大好。
41 devout Qlozt     
adj.虔诚的，虔敬的，衷心的 (n.devoutness)
参考例句：
  • His devout Catholicism appeals to ordinary people.他对天主教的虔诚信仰感染了普通民众。
  • The devout man prayed daily.那位虔诚的男士每天都祈祷。
42 secondly cjazXx     
adv.第二，其次
参考例句：
  • Secondly,use your own head and present your point of view.第二，动脑筋提出自己的见解。
  • Secondly it is necessary to define the applied load.其次，需要确定所作用的载荷。
43 vow 0h9wL     
n.誓(言)，誓约；v.起誓，立誓
参考例句：
  • My parents are under a vow to go to church every Sunday.我父母许愿，每星期日都去做礼拜。
  • I am under a vow to drink no wine.我已立誓戒酒。
44 forefinger pihxt     
n.食指
参考例句：
  • He pinched the leaf between his thumb and forefinger.他将叶子捏在拇指和食指之间。
  • He held it between the tips of his thumb and forefinger.他用他大拇指和食指尖拿着它。
45 beads 894701f6859a9d5c3c045fd6f355dbf5     
n.（空心）小珠子( bead的名词复数 )；水珠；珠子项链
参考例句：
  • a necklace of wooden beads 一条木珠项链
  • Beads of perspiration stood out on his forehead. 他的前额上挂着汗珠。
46 recital kAjzI     
n.朗诵，独奏会，独唱会
参考例句：
  • She is going to give a piano recital.她即将举行钢琴独奏会。
  • I had their total attention during the thirty-five minutes that my recital took.在我叙述的35分钟内，他们完全被我吸引了。
47 decrepit A9lyt     
adj.衰老的，破旧的
参考例句：
  • The film had been shot in a decrepit old police station.该影片是在一所破旧不堪的警察局里拍摄的。
  • A decrepit old man sat on a park bench.一个衰弱的老人坐在公园的长凳上。
48 pious KSCzd     
adj.虔诚的；道貌岸然的
参考例句：
  • Alexander is a pious follower of the faith.亚历山大是个虔诚的信徒。
  • Her mother was a pious Christian.她母亲是一个虔诚的基督教徒。
49 wretch EIPyl     
n.可怜的人，不幸的人；卑鄙的人
参考例句：
  • You are really an ungrateful wretch to complain instead of thanking him.你不但不谢他，还埋怨他，真不知好歹。
  • The dead husband is not the dishonoured wretch they fancied him.死去的丈夫不是他们所想象的不光彩的坏蛋。
50 rebuke 5Akz0     
v.指责，非难，斥责 [反]praise
参考例句：
  • He had to put up with a smart rebuke from the teacher.他不得不忍受老师的严厉指责。
  • Even one minute's lateness would earn a stern rebuke.哪怕迟到一分钟也将受到严厉的斥责。
51 remains 1kMzTy     
n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹
参考例句：
  • He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
  • The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。
52 squander XrnyF     
v.浪费，挥霍
参考例句：
  • Don't squander your time in reading those dime novels.不要把你的时间浪费在读那些胡编乱造的廉价小说上。
  • Every chance is precious，so don't squander any chance away!每次机会都很宝贵，所以不要将任何一个白白放走。
53 permissible sAIy1     
adj.可允许的，许可的
参考例句：
  • Is smoking permissible in the theatre?在剧院里允许吸烟吗？
  • Delay is not permissible,even for a single day.不得延误，即使一日亦不可。
54 strife NrdyZ     
n.争吵，冲突，倾轧，竞争
参考例句：
  • We do not intend to be drawn into the internal strife.我们不想卷入内乱之中。
  • Money is a major cause of strife in many marriages.金钱是造成很多婚姻不和的一个主要原因。
55 dormant d8uyk     
adj.暂停活动的；休眠的；潜伏的
参考例句：
  • Many animals are in a dormant state during winter.在冬天许多动物都处于睡眠状态。
  • This dormant volcano suddenly fired up.这座休眠火山突然爆发了。
56 mischief jDgxH     
n.损害，伤害，危害；恶作剧，捣蛋，胡闹
参考例句：
  • Nobody took notice of the mischief of the matter. 没有人注意到这件事情所带来的危害。
  • He seems to intend mischief.看来他想捣蛋。
57 mien oDOxl     
n.风采；态度
参考例句：
  • He was a Vietnam veteran with a haunted mien.他是个越战老兵，举止总有些惶然。
  • It was impossible to tell from his mien whether he was offended.从他的神态中难以看出他是否生气了。
58 guise JeizL     
n.外表，伪装的姿态
参考例句：
  • They got into the school in the guise of inspectors.他们假装成视察员进了学校。
  • The thief came into the house under the guise of a repairman.那小偷扮成个修理匠进了屋子。
59 renowned okSzVe     
adj.著名的，有名望的，声誉鹊起的
参考例句：
  • He is one of the world's renowned writers.他是世界上知名的作家之一。
  • She is renowned for her advocacy of human rights.她以提倡人权而闻名。
60 kindle n2Gxu     
v.点燃，着火
参考例句：
  • This wood is too wet to kindle.这木柴太湿点不着。
  • A small spark was enough to kindle Lily's imagination.一星光花足以点燃莉丽的全部想象力。
61 chaste 8b6yt     
adj.贞洁的；有道德的；善良的；简朴的
参考例句：
  • Comparatively speaking,I like chaste poetry better.相比较而言，我更喜欢朴实无华的诗。
  • Tess was a chaste young girl.苔丝是一个善良的少女。
62 dispeller e9b287ec6381bbbb60ddd5cc7aca2bf9     
祛除
参考例句：
  • His speech dispelled any fears about his health. 他的发言消除了人们对他身体健康的担心。
  • The sun soon dispelled the thick fog. 太阳很快驱散了浓雾。
63 kindly tpUzhQ     
adj.和蔼的，温和的，爽快的；adv.温和地，亲切地
参考例句：
  • Her neighbours spoke of her as kindly and hospitable.她的邻居都说她和蔼可亲、热情好客。
  • A shadow passed over the kindly face of the old woman.一道阴影掠过老太太慈祥的面孔。
64 homeliness 8f2090f6a2bd792a5be3a0973188257a     
n.简朴，朴实；相貌平平
参考例句：
  • Fine clothes could not conceal the girl's homeliness. 华丽的衣服并不能掩盖这个女孩的寻常容貌。 来自《简明英汉词典》
65 amiability e665b35f160dba0dedc4c13e04c87c32     
n.和蔼可亲的，亲切的，友善的
参考例句：
  • His amiability condemns him to being a constant advisor to other people's troubles. 他那和蔼可亲的性格使他成为经常为他人排忧解难的开导者。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
  • I watched my master's face pass from amiability to sternness. 我瞧着老师的脸上从和蔼变成严峻。 来自辞典例句
66 conceals fa59c6f4c4bde9a732332b174939af02     
v.隐藏，隐瞒，遮住( conceal的第三人称单数 )
参考例句：
  • He conceals his worries behind a mask of nonchalance. 他装作若无其事，借以掩饰内心的不安。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Drunkenness reveals what soberness conceals. 酒醉吐真言。 来自《简明英汉词典》
67 discord iPmzl     
n.不和，意见不合，争论，（音乐）不和谐
参考例句：
  • These two answers are in discord.这两个答案不一样。
  • The discord of his music was hard on the ear.他演奏的不和谐音很刺耳。
68 commemorate xbEyN     
vt.纪念，庆祝
参考例句：
  • This building was built to commemorate the Fire of London.这栋大楼是为纪念“伦敦大火”而兴建的。
  • We commemorate the founding of our nation with a public holiday.我们放假一日以庆祝国庆。
69 attained 1f2c1bee274e81555decf78fe9b16b2f     
（通常经过努力）实现( attain的过去式和过去分词 )； 达到； 获得； 达到（某年龄、水平、状况）
参考例句：
  • She has attained the degree of Master of Arts. 她已获得文学硕士学位。
  • Lu Hsun attained a high position in the republic of letters. 鲁迅在文坛上获得崇高的地位。
70 yoke oeTzRa     
n.轭；支配；v.给...上轭，连接，使成配偶
参考例句：
  • An ass and an ox,fastened to the same yoke,were drawing a wagon.驴子和公牛一起套在轭上拉车。
  • The defeated army passed under the yoke.败军在轭门下通过。
71 rebuked bdac29ff5ae4a503d9868e9cd4d93b12     
责难或指责( rebuke的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句：
  • The company was publicly rebuked for having neglected safety procedures. 公司因忽略了安全规程而受到公开批评。
  • The teacher rebuked the boy for throwing paper on the floor. 老师指责这个男孩将纸丢在地板上。
72 articulation tewyG     
n.（清楚的）发音；清晰度，咬合
参考例句：
  • His articulation is poor.他发音不清楚。
  • She spoke with a lazy articulation.她说话慢吞吞的。
73 virtues cd5228c842b227ac02d36dd986c5cd53     
美德( virtue的名词复数 )； 德行； 优点； 长处
参考例句：
  • Doctors often extol the virtues of eating less fat. 医生常常宣扬少吃脂肪的好处。
  • She delivered a homily on the virtues of family life. 她进行了一场家庭生活美德方面的说教。
74 afflicted aaf4adfe86f9ab55b4275dae2a2e305a     
使受痛苦，折磨( afflict的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句：
  • About 40% of the country's population is afflicted with the disease. 全国40%左右的人口患有这种疾病。
  • A terrible restlessness that was like to hunger afflicted Martin Eden. 一阵可怕的、跟饥饿差不多的不安情绪折磨着马丁·伊登。
75 bestow 9t3zo     
v.把…赠与，把…授予；花费
参考例句：
  • He wished to bestow great honors upon the hero.他希望将那些伟大的荣誉授予这位英雄。
  • What great inspiration wiII you bestow on me?你有什么伟大的灵感能馈赠给我？
76 eyebrow vlOxk     
n.眉毛，眉
参考例句：
  • Her eyebrow is well penciled.她的眉毛画得很好。
  • With an eyebrow raised,he seemed divided between surprise and amusement.他一只眉毛扬了扬，似乎既感到吃惊，又觉有趣。
77 kernel f3wxW     
n.(果实的)核，仁；(问题)的中心，核心
参考例句：
  • The kernel of his problem is lack of money.他的问题的核心是缺钱。
  • The nutshell includes the kernel.果壳裹住果仁。

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