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MENO
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PERSONS OF THE DIALOGUE: Meno, Socrates, A Slave of Meno (Boy), Anytus.
MENO: Can you tell me, Socrates, whether virtue1 is acquired by teaching or by practice; or if neither by teaching nor by practice, then whether it comes to man by nature, or in what other way?
SOCRATES: O Meno, there was a time when the Thessalians were famous among the other Hellenes only for their riches and their riding; but now, if I am not mistaken, they are equally famous for their wisdom, especially at Larisa, which is the native city of your friend Aristippus. And this is Gorgias' doing; for when he came there, the flower of the Aleuadae, among them your admirer Aristippus, and the other chiefs of the Thessalians, fell in love with his wisdom. And he has taught you the habit of answering questions in a grand and bold style, which becomes those who know, and is the style in which he himself answers all comers; and any Hellene who likes may ask him anything. How different is our lot! my dear Meno. Here at Athens there is a dearth2 of the commodity, and all wisdom seems to have emigrated from us to you. I am certain that if you were to ask any Athenian whether virtue was natural or acquired, he would laugh in your face, and say: 'Stranger, you have far too good an opinion of me, if you think that I can answer your question. For I literally3 do not know what virtue is, and much less whether it is acquired by teaching or not.' And I myself, Meno, living as I do in this region of poverty, am as poor as the rest of the world; and I confess with shame that I know literally nothing about virtue; and when I do not know the 'quid' of anything how can I know the 'quale'? How, if I knew nothing at all of Meno, could I tell if he was fair, or the opposite of fair; rich and noble, or the reverse of rich and noble? Do you think that I could?
MENO: No, indeed. But are you in earnest, Socrates, in saying that you do not know what virtue is? And am I to carry back this report of you to Thessaly?
SOCRATES: Not only that, my dear boy, but you may say further that I have never known of any one else who did, in my judgment4.
MENO: Then you have never met Gorgias when he was at Athens?
SOCRATES: Yes, I have.
MENO: And did you not think that he knew?
SOCRATES: I have not a good memory, Meno, and therefore I cannot now tell what I thought of him at the time. And I dare say that he did know, and that you know what he said: please, therefore, to remind me of what he said; or, if you would rather, tell me your own view; for I suspect that you and he think much alike.
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收听单词发音

1
virtue
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n.德行,美德;贞操;优点;功效,效力 | |
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dearth
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n.缺乏,粮食不足,饥谨 | |
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literally
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adv.照字面意义,逐字地;确实 | |
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judgment
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n.审判;判断力,识别力,看法,意见 | |
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virtues
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美德( virtue的名词复数 ); 德行; 优点; 长处 | |
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vice
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n.坏事;恶习;[pl.]台钳,老虎钳;adj.副的 | |
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swarm
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n.(昆虫)等一大群;vi.成群飞舞;蜂拥而入 | |
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distinguished
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adj.卓越的,杰出的,著名的 | |
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fixed
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adj.固定的,不变的,准备好的;(计算机)固定的 | |
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subsisting
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v.(靠很少的钱或食物)维持生活,生存下去( subsist的现在分词 ) | |
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temperate
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adj.温和的,温带的,自我克制的,不过分的 | |
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temperately
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adv.节制地,适度地 | |
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intemperate
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adj.无节制的,放纵的 | |
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participation
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n.参与,参加,分享 | |
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akin
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adj.同族的,类似的 | |
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whit
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n.一点,丝毫 | |
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simile
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n.直喻,明喻 | |
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antagonistic
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adj.敌对的 | |
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vein
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n.血管,静脉;叶脉,纹理;情绪;vt.使成脉络 | |
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premises
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n.建筑物,房屋 | |
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interrogated
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v.询问( interrogate的过去式和过去分词 );审问;(在计算机或其他机器上)查询 | |
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extremity
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n.末端,尽头;尽力;终极;极度 | |
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concisely
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adv.简明地 | |
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outrageous
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adj.无理的,令人不能容忍的 | |
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blindfolded
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v.(尤指用布)挡住(某人)的视线( blindfold的过去式 );蒙住(某人)的眼睛;使不理解;蒙骗 | |
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imperatives
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n.必要的事( imperative的名词复数 );祈使语气;必须履行的责任 | |
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phenomena
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n.现象 | |
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initiated
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n. 创始人 adj. 新加入的 vt. 开始,创始,启蒙,介绍加入 | |
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plural
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n.复数;复数形式;adj.复数的 | |
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facetious
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adj.轻浮的,好开玩笑的 | |
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honourable
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adj.可敬的;荣誉的,光荣的 | |
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attaining
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(通常经过努力)实现( attain的现在分词 ); 达到; 获得; 达到(某年龄、水平、状况) | |
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attain
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vt.达到,获得,完成 | |
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miserable
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adj.悲惨的,痛苦的;可怜的,糟糕的 | |
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inflicted
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把…强加给,使承受,遭受( inflict的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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misery
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n.痛苦,苦恼,苦难;悲惨的境遇,贫苦 | |
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entirely
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ad.全部地,完整地;完全地,彻底地 | |
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hereditary
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adj.遗传的,遗传性的,可继承的,世袭的 | |
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piously
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adv.虔诚地 | |
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mere
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adj.纯粹的;仅仅,只不过 | |
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devoid
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adj.全无的,缺乏的 | |
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enchanted
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adj. 被施魔法的,陶醉的,入迷的 动词enchant的过去式和过去分词 | |
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torpedo
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n.水雷,地雷;v.用鱼雷破坏 | |
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torpid
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adj.麻痹的,麻木的,迟钝的 | |
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rogue
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n.流氓;v.游手好闲 | |
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similes
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(使用like或as等词语的)明喻( simile的名词复数 ) | |
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torpidity
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n.麻痹 | |
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utterly
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adv.完全地,绝对地 | |
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perplexed
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adj.不知所措的 | |
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enquire
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v.打听,询问;调查,查问 | |
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forth
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adv.向前;向外,往外 | |
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tiresome
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adj.令人疲劳的,令人厌倦的 | |
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spoke
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n.(车轮的)辐条;轮辐;破坏某人的计划;阻挠某人的行动 v.讲,谈(speak的过去式);说;演说;从某种观点来说 | |
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profess
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v.声称,冒称,以...为业,正式接受入教,表明信仰 | |
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immortal
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adj.不朽的;永生的,不死的;神的 | |
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mighty
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adj.强有力的;巨大的 | |
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eliciting
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n. 诱发, 引出 动词elicit的现在分词形式 | |
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recollect
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v.回忆,想起,记起,忆起,记得 | |
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strenuous
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adj.奋发的,使劲的;紧张的;热烈的,狂热的 | |
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sluggard
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n.懒人;adj.懒惰的 | |
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inquisitive
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adj.求知欲强的,好奇的,好寻根究底的 | |
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confiding
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adj.相信人的,易于相信的v.吐露(秘密,心事等)( confide的现在分词 );(向某人)吐露(隐私、秘密等) | |
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drawn
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v.拖,拉,拔出;adj.憔悴的,紧张的 | |
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enquired
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打听( enquire的过去式和过去分词 ); 询问; 问问题; 查问 | |
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possessed
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adj.疯狂的;拥有的,占有的 | |
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awakened
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v.(使)醒( awaken的过去式和过去分词 );(使)觉醒;弄醒;(使)意识到 | |
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ascertained
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v.弄清,确定,查明( ascertain的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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irresistible
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adj.非常诱人的,无法拒绝的,无法抗拒的 | |
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condescend
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v.俯就,屈尊;堕落,丢丑 | |
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inscribed
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v.写,刻( inscribe的过去式和过去分词 );内接 | |
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applied
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adj.应用的;v.应用,适用 | |
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apprehension
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n.理解,领悟;逮捕,拘捕;忧虑 | |
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prudence
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n.谨慎,精明,节俭 | |
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folly
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n.愚笨,愚蠢,蠢事,蠢行,傻话 | |
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citadel
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n.城堡;堡垒;避难所 | |
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tamper
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v.干预,玩弄,贿赂,窜改,削弱,损害 | |
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retract
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vt.缩回,撤回收回,取消 | |
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disciple
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n.信徒,门徒,追随者 | |
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disciples
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n.信徒( disciple的名词复数 );门徒;耶稣的信徒;(尤指)耶稣十二门徒之一 | |
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incapable
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adj.无能力的,不能做某事的 | |
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insolent
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adj.傲慢的,无理的 | |
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professed
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公开声称的,伪称的,已立誓信教的 | |
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avouch
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v.确说,断言 | |
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kinsman
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n.男亲属 | |
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corrupt
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v.贿赂,收买;adj.腐败的,贪污的 | |
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corrupted
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(使)败坏( corrupt的过去式和过去分词 ); (使)腐化; 引起(计算机文件等的)错误; 破坏 | |
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corrupting
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(使)败坏( corrupt的现在分词 ); (使)腐化; 引起(计算机文件等的)错误; 破坏 | |
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positively
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adv.明确地,断然,坚决地;实在,确实 | |
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entrusted
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v.委托,托付( entrust的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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guardians
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监护人( guardian的名词复数 ); 保护者,维护者 | |
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belongings
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n.私人物品,私人财物 | |
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enquiring
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a.爱打听的,显得好奇的 | |
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eminent
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adj.显赫的,杰出的,有名的,优良的 | |
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random
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adj.随机的;任意的;n.偶然的(或随便的)行动 | |
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intentionally
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ad.故意地,有意地 | |
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abstained
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v.戒(尤指酒),戒除( abstain的过去式和过去分词 );弃权(不投票) | |
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hurl
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vt.猛投,力掷,声叫骂 | |
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javelin
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n.标枪,投枪 | |
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minor
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adj.较小(少)的,较次要的;n.辅修学科;vi.辅修 | |
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accomplishments
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n.造诣;完成( accomplishment的名词复数 );技能;成绩;成就 | |
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nay
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adv.不;n.反对票,投反对票者 | |
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incompetent
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adj.无能力的,不能胜任的 | |
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celebrated
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adj.有名的,声誉卓著的 | |
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defamation
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n.诽谤;中伤 | |
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vocation
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n.职业,行业 | |
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promising
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adj.有希望的,有前途的 | |
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professing
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声称( profess的现在分词 ); 宣称; 公开表明; 信奉 | |
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thither
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adv.向那里;adj.在那边的,对岸的 | |
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speculation
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n.思索,沉思;猜测;投机 | |
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cogency
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n.说服力;adj.有说服力的 | |
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truant
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n.懒惰鬼,旷课者;adj.偷懒的,旷课的,游荡的;v.偷懒,旷课 | |
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runaway
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n.逃走的人,逃亡,亡命者;adj.逃亡的,逃走的 | |
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abide
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vi.遵守;坚持;vt.忍受 | |
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abiding
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adj.永久的,持久的,不变的 | |
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conjecture
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n./v.推测,猜测 | |
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remains
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n.剩余物,残留物;遗体,遗迹 | |
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divination
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n.占卜,预测 | |
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spartans
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n.斯巴达(spartan的复数形式) | |
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virtuous
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adj.有品德的,善良的,贞洁的,有效力的 | |
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exasperated
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adj.恼怒的 | |
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