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Introduction
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impaling36 a fish, and in the dexter chief point an annulet between two bends wavy37.” The reference in the impalement38 of the blazon34 is obvious. A local tradition confidently identifies Dame Berry as the heroine of the Yorkshire legend, though of course it is ignorant of her connection with the etymology of Constantinople.
Now this tale, or the first half of it, is but a Yorkshire variant39 of one spread throughout Europe. The opening of the twenty-ninth story of the collection of the Brothers Grimm, and entitled The Devil with the Three Golden Hairs, is exactly the same, and in their Notes they give references to many similar European folk-tales. The story is found in Modern Greece (Von Hahn, No. XX.), and it is, therefore, possible that the story of King Coustans is the adaptation of a Greek folk-tale for the purposes of a Folk Etymology. But the letter, “On delivery, please kill bearer,” is scarcely likely to have occurred twice to the popular imagination, and one is almost brought to the conclusion that the romance before us was itself either directly or indirectly40 the source of all the European Folk-tales in which the letter “To kill bearer” occurs. And as we have before traced the Romance back to Constantinople, one is further tempted41 to trace back the Letter itself to a reminiscence of Homer’s [Greek text which cannot be reproduced].
I have said above that no Greek original of any of these Romances has hitherto been discovered. But in the case of King Coustans we can at any rate get within appreciable42 distance of it. As recently as 1895 a learned Teuton, Dr. Ernst Kuhn, pointed43 out, appropriately enough in the Byzantinische Zeitschrift, the existence of an Ethiopic and of an Arabic version of the legend. He found in one of Mr. Quaritch’s catalogues a description of an
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crimson
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| n./adj.深(绯)红色(的);vi.脸变绯红色 | |
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par
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| n.标准,票面价值,平均数量;adj.票面的,平常的,标准的 | |
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excellence
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| n.优秀,杰出,(pl.)优点,美德 | |
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inverse
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| adj.相反的,倒转的,反转的;n.相反之物;v.倒转 | |
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remains
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| n.剩余物,残留物;遗体,遗迹 | |
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genre
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| n.(文学、艺术等的)类型,体裁,风格 | |
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mere
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| adj.纯粹的;仅仅,只不过 | |
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chivalry
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| n.骑士气概,侠义;(男人)对女人彬彬有礼,献殷勤 | |
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schism
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| n.分派,派系,分裂 | |
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culminated
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| v.达到极点( culminate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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rev
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| v.发动机旋转,加快速度 | |
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garb
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| n.服装,装束 | |
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spoke
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| n.(车轮的)辐条;轮辐;破坏某人的计划;阻挠某人的行动 v.讲,谈(speak的过去式);说;演说;从某种观点来说 | |
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illustrates
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| 给…加插图( illustrate的第三人称单数 ); 说明; 表明; (用示例、图画等)说明 | |
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etymology
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| n.语源;字源学 | |
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remarkable
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| adj.显著的,异常的,非凡的,值得注意的 | |
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predecessor
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| n.前辈,前任 | |
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fables
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| n.寓言( fable的名词复数 );神话,传说 | |
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solace
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| n.安慰;v.使快乐;vt.安慰(物),缓和 | |
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sufficiently
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| adv.足够地,充分地 | |
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curiously
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| adv.有求知欲地;好问地;奇特地 | |
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folklore
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| n.民间信仰,民间传说,民俗 | |
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knight
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| n.骑士,武士;爵士 | |
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consultation
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| n.咨询;商量;商议;会议 | |
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destined
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| adj.命中注定的;(for)以…为目的地的 | |
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baron
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| n.男爵;(商业界等)巨头,大王 | |
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immediate
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| adj.立即的;直接的,最接近的;紧靠的 | |
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ballad
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| n.歌谣,民谣,流行爱情歌曲 | |
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evade
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| vt.逃避,回避;避开,躲避 | |
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persecution
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| n. 迫害,烦扰 | |
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ERECTED
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| adj. 直立的,竖立的,笔直的 vt. 使 ... 直立,建立 | |
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dame
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| n.女士 | |
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blazoned
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| v.广布( blazon的过去式和过去分词 );宣布;夸示;装饰 | |
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blazon
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| n.纹章,装饰;精确描绘;v.广布;宣布 | |
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heralds
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| n.使者( herald的名词复数 );预报者;预兆;传令官v.预示( herald的第三人称单数 );宣布(好或重要) | |
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impaling
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| 钉在尖桩上( impale的现在分词 ) | |
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wavy
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| adj.有波浪的,多浪的,波浪状的,波动的,不稳定的 | |
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impalement
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| 刺穿,刺刑,围住 | |
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variant
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| adj.不同的,变异的;n.变体,异体 | |
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indirectly
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| adv.间接地,不直接了当地 | |
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tempted
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| v.怂恿(某人)干不正当的事;冒…的险(tempt的过去分词) | |
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appreciable
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| adj.明显的,可见的,可估量的,可觉察的 | |
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pointed
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| adj.尖的,直截了当的 | |
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illuminated
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| adj.被照明的;受启迪的 | |
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provenance
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| n.出处;起源 | |
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thereby
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| adv.因此,从而 | |
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Christian
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| adj.基督教徒的;n.基督教徒 | |
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poetical
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| adj.似诗人的;诗一般的;韵文的;富有诗意的 | |
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investigator
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| n.研究者,调查者,审查者 | |
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derived
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| vi.起源;由来;衍生;导出v.得到( derive的过去式和过去分词 );(从…中)得到获得;源于;(从…中)提取 | |
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ingenuity
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| n.别出心裁;善于发明创造 | |
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enumerates
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| v.列举,枚举,数( enumerate的第三人称单数 ) | |
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martyrs
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| n.martyr的复数形式;烈士( martyr的名词复数 );殉道者;殉教者;乞怜者(向人诉苦以博取同情) | |
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affiliated
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| adj. 附属的, 有关连的 | |
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epic
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| n.史诗,叙事诗;adj.史诗般的,壮丽的 | |
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conjecture
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| n./v.推测,猜测 | |
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pundits
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| n.某一学科的权威,专家( pundit的名词复数 ) | |
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antiquity
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| n.古老;高龄;古物,古迹 | |
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passionate
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| adj.热情的,热烈的,激昂的,易动情的,易怒的,性情暴躁的 | |
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symbolic
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| adj.象征性的,符号的,象征主义的 | |
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literally
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| adv.照字面意义,逐字地;确实 | |
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dread
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| vt.担忧,忧虑;惧怕,不敢;n.担忧,畏惧 | |
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deterred
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| v.阻止,制止( deter的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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dreaded
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| adj.令人畏惧的;害怕的v.害怕,恐惧,担心( dread的过去式和过去分词) | |
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rattle
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| v.飞奔,碰响;激怒;n.碰撞声;拨浪鼓 | |
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dependence
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| n.依靠,依赖;信任,信赖;隶属 | |
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vice
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| n.坏事;恶习;[pl.]台钳,老虎钳;adj.副的 | |
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resuscitation
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| n.复活 | |
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tellers
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| n.(银行)出纳员( teller的名词复数 );(投票时的)计票员;讲故事等的人;讲述者 | |
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proceedings
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| n.进程,过程,议程;诉讼(程序);公报 | |
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applied
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| adj.应用的;v.应用,适用 | |
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modification
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| n.修改,改进,缓和,减轻 | |
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considerably
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| adv.极大地;相当大地;在很大程度上 | |
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attenuated
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| v.(使)变细( attenuate的过去式和过去分词 );(使)变薄;(使)变小;减弱 | |
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emanates
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| v.从…处传出,传出( emanate的第三人称单数 );产生,表现,显示 | |
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sagas
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| n.萨迦(尤指古代挪威或冰岛讲述冒险经历和英雄业绩的长篇故事)( saga的名词复数 );(讲述许多年间发生的事情的)长篇故事;一连串的事件(或经历);一连串经历的讲述(或记述) | |
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treatise
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| n.专著;(专题)论文 | |
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gem
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| n.宝石,珠宝;受爱戴的人 [同]jewel | |
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virtue
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| n.德行,美德;贞操;优点;功效,效力 | |
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derives
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| v.得到( derive的第三人称单数 );(从…中)得到获得;源于;(从…中)提取 | |
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motive
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| n.动机,目的;adv.发动的,运动的 | |
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purely
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| adv.纯粹地,完全地 | |
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ascend
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| vi.渐渐上升,升高;vt.攀登,登上 | |
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Moslem
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| n.回教徒,穆罕默德信徒;adj.回教徒的,回教的 | |
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cardinal
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| n.(天主教的)红衣主教;adj.首要的,基本的 | |
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democrats
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| n.民主主义者,民主人士( democrat的名词复数 ) | |
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adventurous
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| adj.爱冒险的;惊心动魄的,惊险的,刺激的 | |
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wondrous
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| adj.令人惊奇的,奇妙的;adv.惊人地;异乎寻常地;令人惊叹地 | |
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forth
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| adv.向前;向外,往外 | |
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renaissance
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| n.复活,复兴,文艺复兴 | |
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peculiar
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| adj.古怪的,异常的;特殊的,特有的 | |
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piety
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| n.虔诚,虔敬 | |
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immutability
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| n.不变(性) | |
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frankly
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| adv.坦白地,直率地;坦率地说 | |
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fully
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| adv.完全地,全部地,彻底地;充分地 | |
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reverence
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| n.敬畏,尊敬,尊严;Reverence:对某些基督教神职人员的尊称;v.尊敬,敬畏,崇敬 | |
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sublime
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| adj.崇高的,伟大的;极度的,不顾后果的 | |
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tapestry
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| n.挂毯,丰富多采的画面 | |
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fabric
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| n.织物,织品,布;构造,结构,组织 | |
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