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LECTURE IX. — CONTRACT.—III. VOID AND VOIDABLE.
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to include it. A vendor30 may have stated that barrels filled with salt contain mackerel, but the contract may be only for the barrels and their contents. An applicant31 for insurance may have misstated facts essential to the risk, yet the policy may simply insure a certain building or a certain life. It may be asked whether these contracts are not void also.
There might conceivably be cases in which, taking into account the nature of the contract, the words used could be said to embody32 the representation as a term by construction. For instance, it might be said that the true and well-understood purport33 of a contract of insurance is not, as the words seem to say, to take the risk of any loss by fire or perils34 of the sea, however great the risk may be, but to take a risk of a certain magnitude, and no other, which risk has been calculated mathematically from the statements of the party insured. The extent of the risk taken is not specified35 in the policy, because the old forms and established usage are otherwise, but the meaning is perfectly36 understood.
If this reasoning were adopted, there would be an equal repugnancy in the terms of the contract, whether the nature of the risk were written in the policy or fixed37 by previous description. But, subject to possible exceptions of this kind, it would seem that a contract would be made, and that the most that could be claimed would be a right to rescind3. Where parties having power to bind15 themselves do acts and use words which are fit to create an obligation, I take it that an obligation arises. If there is a mistake as to a fact not mentioned in the contract, it goes only to the
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1
remains
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| n.剩余物,残留物;遗体,遗迹 | |
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rescinded
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| v.废除,取消( rescind的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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rescind
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| v.废除,取消 | |
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mere
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| adj.纯粹的;仅仅,只不过 | |
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pro
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| n.赞成,赞成的意见,赞成者 | |
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doctrine
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| n.教义;主义;学说 | |
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defendant
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| n.被告;adj.处于被告地位的 | |
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cargo
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| n.(一只船或一架飞机运载的)货物 | |
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vessels
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| n.血管( vessel的名词复数 );船;容器;(具有特殊品质或接受特殊品质的)人 | |
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vessel
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| n.船舶;容器,器皿;管,导管,血管 | |
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mutual
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| adj.相互的,彼此的;共同的,共有的 | |
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assent
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| v.批准,认可;n.批准,认可 | |
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peril
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| n.(严重的)危险;危险的事物 | |
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deceptive
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| adj.骗人的,造成假象的,靠不住的 | |
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bind
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| vt.捆,包扎;装订;约束;使凝固;vi.变硬 | |
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binding
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| 有约束力的,有效的,应遵守的 | |
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contradictory
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| adj.反驳的,反对的,抗辩的;n.正反对,矛盾对立 | |
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valid
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| adj.有确实根据的;有效的;正当的,合法的 | |
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applied
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| adj.应用的;v.应用,适用 | |
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authorize
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| v.授权,委任;批准,认可 | |
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consistency
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| n.一贯性,前后一致,稳定性;(液体的)浓度 | |
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logic
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| n.逻辑(学);逻辑性 | |
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dealing
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| n.经商方法,待人态度 | |
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insignificant
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| adj.无关紧要的,可忽略的,无意义的 | |
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touching
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| adj.动人的,使人感伤的 | |
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preponderates
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| v.超过,胜过( preponderate的第三人称单数 ) | |
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conditional
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| adj.条件的,带有条件的 | |
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stipulated
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| vt.& vi.规定;约定adj.[法]合同规定的 | |
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construed
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| v.解释(陈述、行为等)( construe的过去式和过去分词 );翻译,作句法分析 | |
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vendor
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| n.卖主;小贩 | |
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applicant
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| n.申请人,求职者,请求者 | |
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embody
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| vt.具体表达,使具体化;包含,收录 | |
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purport
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| n.意义,要旨,大要;v.意味著,做为...要旨,要领是... | |
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perils
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| 极大危险( peril的名词复数 ); 危险的事(或环境) | |
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specified
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| adj.特定的 | |
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perfectly
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| adv.完美地,无可非议地,彻底地 | |
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fixed
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| adj.固定的,不变的,准备好的;(计算机)固定的 | |
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motives
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| n.动机,目的( motive的名词复数 ) | |
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rescinding
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| v.废除,取消( rescind的现在分词 ) | |
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breach
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| n.违反,不履行;破裂;vt.冲破,攻破 | |
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determined
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| adj.坚定的;有决心的 | |
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arbiter
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| n.仲裁人,公断人 | |
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precedent
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| n.先例,前例;惯例;adj.在前的,在先的 | |
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scruples
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| n.良心上的不安( scruple的名词复数 );顾虑,顾忌v.感到于心不安,有顾忌( scruple的第三人称单数 ) | |
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incurring
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| 遭受,招致,引起( incur的现在分词 ) | |
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purely
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| adv.纯粹地,完全地 | |
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lapse
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| n.过失,流逝,失效,抛弃信仰,间隔;vi.堕落,停止,失效,流逝;vt.使失效 | |
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stipulation
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| n.契约,规定,条文;条款说明 | |
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authorizes
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| 授权,批准,委托( authorize的名词复数 ) | |
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peculiar
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| adj.古怪的,异常的;特殊的,特有的 | |
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interpretation
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| n.解释,说明,描述;艺术处理 | |
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illustrated
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| adj. 有插图的,列举的 动词illustrate的过去式和过去分词 | |
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illustrate
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| v.举例说明,阐明;图解,加插图 | |
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bilateral
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| adj.双方的,两边的,两侧的 | |
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undertaking
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| n.保证,许诺,事业 | |
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gratuitous
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| adj.无偿的,免费的;无缘无故的,不必要的 | |
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accomplishment
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| n.完成,成就,(pl.)造诣,技能 | |
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latitude
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| n.纬度,行动或言论的自由(范围),(pl.)地区 | |
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dealer
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| n.商人,贩子 | |
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affected
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| adj.不自然的,假装的 | |
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extravagant
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| adj.奢侈的;过分的;(言行等)放肆的 | |
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equity
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| n.公正,公平,(无固定利息的)股票 | |
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undertakings
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| 企业( undertaking的名词复数 ); 保证; 殡仪业; 任务 | |
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embodied
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| v.表现( embody的过去式和过去分词 );象征;包括;包含 | |
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warranty
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| n.担保书,证书,保单 | |
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forth
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| adv.向前;向外,往外 | |
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binds
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| v.约束( bind的第三人称单数 );装订;捆绑;(用长布条)缠绕 | |
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despatch
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| n./v.(dispatch)派遣;发送;n.急件;新闻报道 | |
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purporting
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| v.声称是…,(装得)像是…的样子( purport的现在分词 ) | |
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lessee
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| n.(房地产的)租户 | |
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trifling
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| adj.微不足道的;没什么价值的 | |
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decided
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| adj.决定了的,坚决的;明显的,明确的 | |
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loath
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| adj.不愿意的;勉强的 | |
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drawn
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| v.拖,拉,拔出;adj.憔悴的,紧张的 | |
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jurisdictions
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| 司法权( jurisdiction的名词复数 ); 裁判权; 管辖区域; 管辖范围 | |
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labor
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| n.劳动,努力,工作,劳工;分娩;vi.劳动,努力,苦干;vt.详细分析;麻烦 | |
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laborer
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| n.劳动者,劳工 | |
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err
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| vi.犯错误,出差错 | |
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simplicity
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| n.简单,简易;朴素;直率,单纯 | |
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presumptions
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| n.假定( presumption的名词复数 );认定;推定;放肆 | |
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tenant
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| n.承租人;房客;佃户;v.租借,租用 | |
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elicited
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| 引出,探出( elicit的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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salable
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| adj.有销路的,适销的 | |
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baron
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| n.男爵;(商业界等)巨头,大王 | |
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