I had now performed the toilsome duties of a courier for two years, having been every where with orders and letters. I was tired of this troublesome and unbecoming business. I sent to the king petition after petition, asking for my discharge, and soliciting1 for a more honorable appointment. But I was repeatedly refused, for his majesty2 did not think my abilities would warrant promotion3. He condescended4 to refer me to the laws and customs, which allowed those only to be placed in respectable and important offices, who were fitted for them by talent and virtue5. It was necessary, he continued, that I should remain where I was, till I could, by my merits, pave my way to distinction. He concluded thus:
Study to know yourself, is wisdom’s rule;
The wise man reasons — blunders, still, the fool.
Strive not with feeble powers great weights to move,
Before your shoulders long experience prove.
I was thus obliged to remain, as patiently as I could, in my old service, amusing myself in thinking how to bring my talents to the light. In my continual journeys about the country, I studied the nature of the people, the quality of the soil; and, in short, became accurately6 acquainted with every thing worthy7 of observation. That I might not forget any thing, I used myself to write notes of each journey. These notes I enlarged afterwards, as well as I could, and was thus enabled to deliver to the king a volume of considerable size.
I soon observed that this work was far from being displeasing8 to his majesty. He read it through with attention, and then recommended it to the senate with much ceremony. It was soon determined9 that I should be made use of to discover and make known whatever there was of interest throughout the planet. Truly! I expected some other reward for my sleepless10 nights and laborious12 days, than still greater burthens, still heavier travail13. But I could only in silence sigh with the poet:
“Alas! that Virtue should be praised by all —
Should warm, with its mild beams, all hearts:
Yet mock and freeze its owner.”
However, as I have always had a great desire to see and hear every thing new, and expected, withal, a magnificent reward from the really kind-hearted king on my return, I set about this work with a kind of pleasure.
Although the planet Nazar is but about six hundred miles in circumference14, it seems, to the trees, of vast extent, principally on account of their slow movement. No Potuan could go round it in less time than two years, whereas, I, with my long legs, could traverse it easily in two months.
I set out on this journey in the Poplar month.
Most of the things which I shall now relate, are so curious, that the reader may be easily brought to believe them to be written from mere15 whim16, or at least to be poetical17 contrivance. The physical and moral diversities are so many and so great, on this planet, that a man who has only considered the difference between the antipodal nations of the earth, can form but a faint idea of the same. It must be observed that the nations of Nazar are divided by sounds and seas, and that this globe is a kind of Archipelago.
It would be wearisome to relate all my adventures, and I shall limit my remarks to those people who seemed to me the most remarkable18.
The only things which I found in common with all, were figure and language. All were trees. But in customs, gestures, and sense, so great was the diversity, that each province appeared like a new world.
In Quamso, the province next to Potu, the inhabitants are entirely19 oak trees. They know not of bodily weakness or disease, but arrive in perfect and continued health to a very great age. They seem to be the most fortunate of all creatures; but I found, after some intercourse20 with them, that this assumption was a great mistake. Although I never saw any of them sad, yet none appeared to be happy. The purest heaven is never impressive, but after a storm; so happiness is not appreciated by these oaks, because it is never interrupted; they bless not health, because they are never sick. They spend their lives in tame and uninterrupted indifference21. Possessed22 of little politeness and goodness of heart, their conversation is cold and cheerless; their manners stiff and haughty23. Without passions, they are crimeless; without weakness, they are pitiless.
Those alone to whom pain and sickness bring the remembrance of their mortality, learn in their own sufferings, to sympathise with and compassionate24 the woes26 of others.
I was now in a land, where I had a living proof of how much the occurrence of pain and the fear of death tend to produce mutual27 love and cheerful converse28 among fellow beings. Here, for the first time, I came to know the folly29 and sin of grumbling30 at the Creator, for bringing upon us trouble and suffering, which are really good for us, and which produce the happiest consequences.
The province Lalak, which is sometimes called Maskatta, or the Blessed Land, was the next in the order of my journey. This land is very appropriately named. All things spring forth31 spontaneously:
Here, between melon vines and moist strawberry,
Flow milky32 brooks33 and amber34 streams of mead35;
There, luscious36 wine, from crystal, spouts37 more merry,
As Bacchus from his slumber38 had been freed.
Far down along the mountain’s verdant39 side,
The limpid40 juice, with golden lustre43, ripples44.
In dales, soft undulating, oozing45 glide46
Sweet waters, out of teeming47 nature’s nipples;
And trees of Paradise their branches reach,
Bending with purple plum and mellow48 peach.
From all the land nutritious49 savors50 rise,
To bless its sons, then mount to scent51 the skies.
These advantages do not, by any means, make the inhabitants happy. It occurred to me, that laborers52 in harsher climates are much better off than these people, who necessarily languish53 in idleness and luxury.
Next to Lalak is Mardak, inhabited by cypresses54. Of these are different descents or races, determined by the number or shape of their eyes. Here is a list of the varieties:
Nagiri, who have oblong eyes; to whom all objects appear oblong.
Naquire, whose eyes are square.
Palampi, who have very small eyes.
Jaraku, with two eyes, which are turned in opposite directions.
Mehanki, with three eyes.
Panasuki, with four eyes.
Harramba, whose eyes occupy the whole forehead; and finally,
Skodolki, who have a single eye in the neck.
The most numerous and powerful of these races, are the Nagirians. Kings, senators and priests are always chosen from this class. None are admitted to any office, but those who acknowledge and testify by oath, that a certain table, dedicated55 to the sun and placed in the temple, is oblong. This table is the holiest object of mardakanic worship. The oath, to be taken by aspirants56 to honors, is as follows:
“Kaki manaska quihampu miriac jakku, mesimbrii caphani crukkia, manaskar quebriac krusondora.”
In English:
“I swear, that the holy table of the sun seems oblong to me, and I promise to remain in this opinion until my last breath.”
When the neophyte57, of either class, has sworn this oath, he is taken up among the Nagirians, and is qualified58 for any office. On the day after my arrival, as I walked in the market-place, I met a party bearing an old man to the whipping post. I asked them the nature of his offence, and was told that he was a heretic, who had publicly declared that the holy table of the sun appeared square to him.
I immediately entered the temple, being curious to know whether or not my eyes were orthodox. The table was certainly square to my view, and I said so to my landlord, on my return. This tree, who had been recently appointed a church-warden, drew a deep sigh on this occasion, and confessed that it also seemed square to him, but that he dared not express such an opinion, openly, from fear of being ejected from office, if not worse.
Trembling in every joint60, I quietly left this region, fearful that my back might suffer on account of my heterodox vision.
The duchy of Kimal is considered the mightiest61 and richest of the states on this planet. There are numberless silver mines within its borders: the sand of its rivers is colored by gold, and its coasts are paved with pearl oysters62 of the finest water.
The people of this province, nevertheless, are more miserable63 than those of any other I visited. They are miners, gold-strainers and pearl-divers, condemned64 to the most infamous65 slavery, drenched66 in water, or secluded67 from air and light, and all for the sake of dear gain. How strange and senseless is the lust42 for brilliant baubles68!
The possessors of wealth are obliged to keep a continual watch over their property, for the land is full of robbers. None can travel without an armed retinue69. Thus, this people, on which their neighbors look with longing70 eyes, should deserve pity rather than excite envy. Fear, mistrust and jealousy71 rage in all hearts: each regards his neighbor as an enemy. Sorrows and terrors, sleepless nights, pale faces and trembling hands are the fruits of that very wealth, which their neighbors look upon as the greatest good.
My wanderings through Kimal were the most unpleasant and dangerous in all my experience. My course was towards the east. I journeyed among many people, who were generally polite and social, but whose customs were not singular enough to merit particular attention. I had much cause to wonder, when I came among the Quambojas, in whom nature was entirely perverted72. The older these people grow, the more lustful73 they become. Rashness, lasciviousness74 and roguery increase with years. None are suffered to hold offices after the fortieth year. At this age, the wildness and moral insensibility of boyhood begins; the sports of childhood, only, are tolerated. The tree becomes a minor75, and is placed under the guardianship76 of his younger relations.
I did not think it advisable to remain long in Quamboja, where in a few years, I should be sentenced to become a child again.
I witnessed a perversion77 of a different kind in Kokleku. In the former province, nature is the agent of this perversion; here the law is the agent. The Koklekuans are juniper trees.
The males alone cook and perform all domestic duties. In time of war, they serve in the army, but always in the ranks. To the females, are entrusted78 all civil, divine and military offices. The females reason thus: The males are endowed with greater bodily strength, and greater powers of endurance; therefore, it is clear that nature intended them to do all the work. But this will keep them so busy, that they will not have time to think. Moreover, as continual physical labor11 degrades the mind, if they should presume to think, their thoughts would be puerile79, and practically useless. Therefore, it is plain, that to the females belongs the direction of affairs. The lady of the house may be found in the study with books and papers about her, while the master is in the kitchen cooking and washing.
I saw many mournful effects of this inconsistent custom.
In other places, females are to be found, who bring their chastity to market and trade with their charms. Here the young males sell their nights, and for this end congregate80 in certain dwellings81, before which signs are hung out. When these males get to be too troublesome, they are punished as prostitutes are, elsewhere. Females stroll about the streets, beckon82 to the men, stare at them, whistle and cry psh! to them; chuckle83 them under the chin and do all manner of tricks, without the least sense of shame. These females boast of their victories, as dandies, with us, plume84 themselves on their intimacy85 with ladies, whose only favor may have been a sharp box on the ear. None are here blamed for besieging86 a young male with love letters and presents. But a young fellow would be looked upon as having outraged87 all decency88, should he stammer89 out a faint yes, to the first entreaty90 of a young female.
At the time I was in the country a terrible commotion91 arose on account of the violation92 of a senator’s son by a young virgin93. She was generally condemned for this high-handed and abominable94 action. The friends of the youth insisted that she should be prosecuted95, and if the crime were proved, sentenced to mend the young fellow’s honor by marrying him, especially as it could be sworn to that he had lived a pure and virtuous96 life till this libertiness had seduced97 him.
Blessed Europe! I exclaimed on this occasion; thrice blessed France and England! where the names — weaker sex — frail98 vessels— are no idle names:— where the wives are so entirely subjected to their husbands that they seem to be rather machines or automatons99 than creatures endowed with free will and noble aspirations100!
The most splendid building in Kokleku is the Queen’s harem, in which three hundred beautiful young fellows are shut up for life. So jealous is the queen, that no female is allowed to approach the walls within one hundred yards. Never beholding102 any of their race but the queen and a few dried-up and ugly spinsters, the poor creatures vegetate103, mindless and joyless.
Having heard, accidentally, that my form had been praised in the presence of the queen, I hastily escaped from this unnatural104 and execrable land:
— Fear to my feet gave wings.
Continuing my course still to the east, I came to the philosophical105-land, as its inhabitants, who are principally engaged in the study of philosophy and the sciences, vain-gloriously call it. I had long and earnestly wished to see this land, which I enthusiastically ascribed to be the seat of the muses106.
I hurried on with all possible celerity. But the roads were so full of stones, holes and bogs107, that I was delayed, besmirched108, and bruised109. However, I endured these troubles patiently, anticipating the delights that awaited me, and well knowing that the path to paradise is not over roses. When I had struggled onward110 for an hour I met a peasant, of whom, after saluting111 him, I demanded how far distant the borders of Maskattia were? “You should rather ask,” he replied, “how far you must go back; — for you are now in the very middle of it!”
In great astonishment112 I asked, “How is it, that a land inhabited by pure philosophers, should appear like the abode113 of wild animals and ignorant barbarians114?” “Indeed,” said the peasant, “It would look better if the people could find time to attend to such trifles. At present they must be excused, for they have higher and nobler things in their heads: they are now speculating about the shortest road to the sun. Nobody can blow and swallow at the same time.”
I understood the meaning of the cunning peasant, and left him, after getting the direction to the capital city, Casea. Instead of guards and the usual collection about the gates of a large town, hens and geese strutted115 about at their ease: in the crevices116 of the gate hung birds-nests and cobwebs.
In the streets philosophers and swine were mingled118 together, and both classes being alike filthy119, they were only to be distinguished120 from each other by form.
The philosophers wore a kind of cloak, of the color of which I should not dare to give an opinion, so thick was the dirt upon them. I was run into by one of these wise men, who seemed to be enraptured121 by some speculation122.
“I beg pardon, master of arts!” I exclaimed, “may I ask of you the name of this town?” He stood for some time immovable, with closed eyes; then recovering somewhat from his trance, and rolling his eyes upwards123, he muttered: “We are not far from noon!”
This untimely answer, which betrayed a perfect insensibility, convinced me that intelligence resulting from methodical and practical study is preferable to the torpid124 insanity125 incident to much learning.
I went on, hoping to meet with some sensible animal, or any body rather than a philosopher. In the market-place — a very extensive square — were a great many statues and pillars, covered with inscriptions126.
I approached one of them to get, if possible, the meaning of the characters. While engaged in spelling the words, my back suddenly became warm, and immediately after I felt warm water trickling127 down my legs. I turned round to discover the fountain of the stream, and, lo! an abstracted philosopher was performing, at ease on my back, the same operation that the dogs do against the study.
This infamous trick excited my wrath128, and I gave him a severe blow.
The philosopher regained129 his wits at this, and seizing me by the hair, dragged me around the market-place. Our struggles soon brought us both to the ground. Then a multitude of philosophers came running towards us, and having dragged me from under my opponent, beat me with their sticks till I became senseless. I was then carried to a large house and thrown into the middle of the hall. I now recovered in a measure from my ill treatment.
On seeing this, the wise man who first insulted me, recommenced to beat me, notwithstanding my prayers for mercy. I now learned that the intensity130 of no anger can be compared to the philosophical; and that the teachers of virtue and moderation are not called upon to practise the same. The longer my oppressor beat me, the more did his blood boil. At last there came into the hall four sophists, whose cloaks proclaimed them to be of a different class from my late tyrants131. They had some compassion25 for me, and soothed132 the rage of the others. I was taken to another house, and right glad was I to escape the hands of the bandits, and get among honest people.
I related to my protectors the cause of the calamity133. They laughed heartily134 at the whole matter, and then explained to me that the philosopher, absorbed in deep thought, had mistaken me for a pillar before which it is customary, on certain natural occasions, to stop.
Just when I supposed myself in safety. I nearly gave up the ghost from fear. I was led into a dissecting135 room, filled with bones and dead bodies, the stench from which was intolerable.
After languishing136 in this disgusting den41 for half an hour, the lady of the house brought in my dinner, which she had prepared herself. She was very polite and amiable137; but looked at me closely, and sighed continually. I asked the reason of her sorrow. She answered, “that she became sick when she thought of what I was to suffer.”
“You have, indeed,” she said, “come among honest people, for my husband, who lives in this house, is a doctor of medicine, and the others are his colleagues: but your uncommon138 figure has awakened139 their curiosity, and they have determined to take your internal structure into close consideration. In fine, they intend to cut you up, in the hope of finding some new phenomena140 in anatomy141.” I was thunder-struck at hearing these tidings. I cried out indignantly:
“How can people be called honest, madam! who entertain strangers only to cut them up?”
“You should stick your fingers in the ground,” she replied, “and smell the land you have got into!” I begged her with tears in my eyes to intercede142 for me. She answered, “My intercession would be of no service to you: but I will endeavor to save you by other means.” She then took my hand, carefully led me out by a back door, and guided me to the city gate.
Here I would have taken leave of my kind and gentle guide; but while manifesting my gratitude143 in the most lively expressions, she suddenly interrupted my speech and signified her intention not to leave me till I should be in perfect safety. She would not be persuaded to return. We walked on together. Meanwhile she entertained me with just and sensible remarks on the customs and follies144 of the people. Afterwards she turned the discourse145 to more delicate matters. We were at some distance from the city. My soft companion adverted146 to the danger from which she had saved me, and suddenly demanded of me, in return, a politeness which was morally impossible.
She told me with much feeling and warmth of the unfortunate fate of females in this land:— that the philosophers, entirely absorbed by their speculations147, and buried among their books, neglect to an alarming extent, the duties of marriage. “Yes,” she continued, “I can swear to you, that we should be wholly undone148 if some polite traveller did not occasionally take pity on our miserable condition, and mitigate149 our torments150.”
I pretended not to understand her meaning, and showed the usual common-place and complacent151 sympathy.
But my coolness was as oil to the flame. I increased my pace. The poor lady, whose heart had hitherto been subjected to the sweet-smiling goddess, now changed to a fury.
I fled from my new danger. Fear and length of legs enabled me to outstrip152 her. Mingled with her shrieks153, opprobrious154 epithets155 fell fast; the last I could distinguish were: Kaki Spalaki:— ungrateful hound!
I passed on to other provinces, in which I found but little uncommon and peculiar156.
I now thought that I had seen all the wonders of Nazar. But when I came to the land of Cabac, more curious and more incredible things were disclosed to my gaze. Among the Cabacans there is a certain class without heads. These are born without that appendage157. They speak through a hole in the middle of the breast. On account of this natural defect, they are generally excluded from offices where brains are thought to be useful. They are notwithstanding a serviceable class: the most of them are to be seen at court; being gentlemen of the bed-chamber, stewards158 of the household, keepers of the harem, &c.
Beadles, vestry-clerks and such brainless officers are chosen from this class.
Occasionally one of them is taken up into the senate, either by the particular favor of government, or through the influence of friends. This is done, generally, without injury to the country; for it is well known that the business of the country is carried on by a few senators, and that the rest are only useful to fill the seats, and agree and subscribe159 to the determinations of the leaders.
The inhabitants of the two provinces, Cambara and Spelek, are all lime trees. But their resemblance ends in form. The Cambarans live only about four years. The Spelekians, on the other hand, attain160 to the wonderful age of four hundred years.
In the former place, the people have their full growth a few weeks after birth, and finish their education before the first year. During the three remaining years they prepare for death. The province appeared to be a true Platonic161 republic, in which all the virtues162 reached to their perfection. The inhabitants, on account of their short lives, are, as it were, continually on the wing. They regard this life as a gate through which they hastily pass. Their hearts are fixed163 on the future rather than on the present. They may be called true philosophers, for they care not for luxury and pleasure, but strive through fear of God, virtuous actions, and clear consciences, to make themselves worthy of eternal happiness. In a word, this land seemed to be the habitation of saints and angels; — the only school of virtue.
I was here brought to think of the unreasonableness164 of those who grumble166 at the shortness of life — those quarrellers with providence167! Life can be called short when passed in luxury and idleness. The shortest life is long when it is well employed.
In Spelek, on the contrary, all the vices117 common to erring168 creatures seem to be congregated169. The people have only the present in their minds, for the future has no sensible vanishing point. Sincerity170, honesty, chastity and decency have taken flight to give place to falsehood, lasciviousness, and bad manners.
I was happy to get away from this province, although I was obliged to traverse desolate171 and rocky regions which lay beyond it. These deserts separate Spelek from Spalank, or the “Innocent Land.”
This name is obtained from the meekness172 and innocence173 of the inhabitants. These are all stone oaks, and are thought to be the happiest of all sensible beings. They are not subject to any agitation174 of mind, and are free from all vices.
Free, of compulsion ignorant, did all obey
The simple rules of nature. Justice easy
And virtue unadorned they practised; for unknown
Were punishment and fear. On no holy stone
Were menaces engraved175: no holy table
Declared the thunders of the law. None trembled
At the ruler’s frown or nod: but, without guard —
With sharpened steel on shoulder ready poised176 —
Or castled wall bristling177 with murder’s tools,
Were all ranks safe. On no battle-field
Was victor crowned or bloody178 altar
Heaped with his kinsmen’s corpses179.
With sports
And pleasant tales, in infant innocence they lived
(The innocence that lies in mother’s lap unstained.)
Thus passed they from the fond embrace of peace,
With easy change to Death’s determined grasp.
When I came to this province, I found that the reputation which these people had gained, namely: that they practised virtue from inclination180 rather than from the authority of law — was well founded.
But as envy and ambition were entirely unknown to them — the inducements to excel, and the will for great things were wanting.
They had no palaces, no courts, no fine buildings. They had no magistrates182 to administer law; no avarice183 to carry them to court. In fine, although without vices, they knew nothing of the arts — of splendid virtues — nor of any of the things which refine a people. They appeared to be rather an oak forest than a sensible and thoughtful nation.
I travelled next through the province Kiliak. The natives of this province are born with certain marks on their foreheads, which point out how long they will live. At first I imagined these people to be happy, as death could never overtake them unexpectedly, nor tear them away in the midst of their sins. But as each one knows on what day he shall die, it is usual to postpone184 repentance185 till the last hour. They only are really pious186 who begin to sing their death song.
I saw several move about the streets with drooping187 heads and miserable looks — the signs upon their foreheads proclaimed their speedy dissolution.
They counted their remaining hours and minutes upon their fingers, and regarded with horror the rapidity of time.
The Creator’s wisdom and goodness to us in this respect became obvious to me in this land. I could no longer doubt that it is better for us to be ignorant of the future.
From Kiliak I sailed over a black sound to the kingdom of Askarak; there new wonders greeted me. While in Cabac, people are to be seen without heads, here, on the contrary, individuals come into the world with seven heads. These are great universal geniuses. In former times, they were worshiped with almost divine veneration188, and were made senators, chief magistrates, &c. As they had as many plans and expedients189 as heads, they executed with zeal190 and rapidity many different things, and while the government was in their hands, there was nothing left unchanged.
But as they made several sets of ideas effective at once, it happened, very naturally, that these ideas came in contact with each other. At last, they mingled together so intricately, that the seven-headed geniuses could not discriminate191 in from out. The affairs of government became so disordered that centuries were required to restore them to the simplicity192 from which these all-knowing magistrates had brought them.
A law had been established, before I went there, by which all seven-headed people were excluded from important offices, and the administration of government was given to simple and ordinary persons, that is, persons with but one head.
The many-headed now occupy the same places as the headless of Cabac.
Beyond Askarak, and separated from it by extensive deserts, lays the Duchy of Bostanki. The Bostankins resemble the Potuans in their external form. Their internal construction is very singular. The heart is placed in the right leg; so that it may be literally193 said of them, that their hearts are in their breeches.
They are notorious for being the greatest cowards among all the inhabitants of Nazar.
Angry, from faintness and fatigue194, I came to a tavern195 near the city gates. I could not abstain196 from growling197 at the landlord because he could not provide what I called for. The poor fellow fell on his knees before me, begged my pardon amid tears and groans198, and held his right leg towards me that I might feel how his heart beat.
At this I laughed, and almost forgot to be angry. I wiped the tears from the poor sinner’s eyes, and told him not to be afraid. He rose up, kissed my hand, and went out to prepare my food. Not long after, I heard lamentable199 cries and howls in the kitchen. I hastened thither200, and to my great astonishment, saw the humble201 and trembling Monsieur poltroon202 engaged, very valiantly203, in beating his wife and servant girls. When he perceived me he took to flight. I turned to the weeping wife and girls and demanded what could have excited such terrible anger in my lamb-like host. They stood for some time, silently, with their eyes fixed on the ground. At length, the wife replied in the following words: “You do not seem, dear stranger! to have much knowledge of human nature. The citizens of this place, who dare not look at an armed enemy, and, at the least noise, creep like mice into holes, hector in the kitchens, and tyrannize over us feeble women.”
Thoroughly204 disgusted by the mean and cowardly spirit of this people, I hired a boat to go to Mikolak. On landing I missed my outer coat, which I recollected205 to have put in the boat at starting. After quarrelling a long time with the boatman, who denied all knowledge of it, I went to a magistrate181, and related the whole matter to him. I asserted that I had at least a right to demand my own property, if I could not sue at law one with whom I had entrusted my goods.
The boatman still denied the theft, and required that I should be punished for wrongly accusing him. In this doubtful case, the court demanded witnesses. This demand I could not answer, but proposed that my opponent should take oath on his innocence.
At this proposal the judge smiled and said: “In this land, my friend, there is no weight in religious confirmation206. The laws are our gods. Proof must, therefore, be given in a formal manner, by witnesses or written documents. Whoever cannot do this not only lose their case, but are subject to punishment for malicious207 accusation208. Prove your case by witnesses, and you will get your own again.” I lost my case, but from regard to the hospitality due to strangers, was not punished.
I had far more reason to pity this people than to regret my own loss. How weak is that society which relies for its safety on bare human laws. It is like a city built on a volcanic209 mountain! Little firmness has that political structure which rests not on the foundation of religion.
Leaving this atheistic210 land, I crossed a very high mountain to Bragmat, which lays in a dale at the foot of the mountain. The people of this city are juniper trees. The first that I met rushed towards me, and pressing with the weight of his body, felled me to the ground. When I demanded the reason of this rough salutation, he begged my pardon in the most polite and elegant expressions. A few minutes after, another struck me in the side with a hedge-pole, and likewise excused his carelessness in a pretty speech. I thought they must be blind, and gave to all I passed a very wide berth211.
I was afterwards informed that some among them were possessed of a very sharp sight, so that they can behold101 objects far beyond the view of others, but they could not see what was directly before them. These sharp-sighted people are called Makkati, and are, most of them, adepts212 in astronomy and transcendental philosophy.
I passed through several other provinces, in which I found nothing worthy to be recorded in this history; and returned to Potu after an absence of two months.
I entered the city of Potu on the tenth day of the Ash month. The first thing I did was to deliver my journal to the king, who ordered it to be printed.
It must be observed that the art of printing, which both the Europeans and Chinese claim to have invented, has been well known in Nazar for ages. The Potuans were so much pleased with my book that they were never tired of reading it. Little trees carried it about the streets and cried: “Court-footman Skabba’s Travels around the Globe.”
Puffed213 up by my success, I now strove for higher things, and awaited, somewhat impatiently, an appointment to a great and respectable office. My expectations not being answered, I gave in a new petition, in which I eulogized my work and claimed a suitable reward for my uncommon merit.
The mild and beneficent king was moved by my prayers, and promised to keep me in gracious remembrance.
He kept his promise, but not to my liking214, for his grace consisted only in making an addition to my stipend215.
I had pointed59 my nose another way, but not daring to press the king with more petitions, I made my complaint to the great chancellor216. This very sensible personage listened to me with his usual urbanity, and promised to serve me. At the same time he advised me to abandon my unreasonable165 desires, and take a more exact view of my weak judgment217 and general insignificance218. “Nature,” he said, “has been a step-mother to you; you want, altogether, the talents which clear the road to important offices. You must creep before you walk; and it is foolish to think of flying without wings.” He acknowledged my merits: “But,” he continued, “it is not such merits as yours that will give you admittance to State affairs. If all merit should give this right, then every painter and sculptor219, this for his skill in carving220, that for his knowledge of colors, might demand a seat at the council board. Merit ought to be rewarded, but the reward should be adapted to the object, that the State may not suffer.”
This speech struck me, and had the effect to keep me very quiet for some time. But I could not endure the thought of growing grey in my base employment. I determined on the desperate attempt, which I had formerly221 considered, to improve the constitution, and thus, by a bold stroke, to advance my own and the country’s welfare.
Shortly before my journey I had strictly222 examined the internal condition of the kingdom, to discover the least failing in its machinery223, and the best means to remedy it.
In the province Kokleku I had learnt that the government waggles in which women have a part. For being by nature vain, they strive to extend their power in every conceivable direction, and stop not till they have procured224 for themselves perfect and unlimited225 dominion226.
I concluded, therefore, to propose the exclusion227 of the fair sex from all public offices, and trusted to get a sufficiency of voices on my side by placing the case in its best light. It seemed an easy matter, to me, to convince the male sex of the dangers to which they were exposed, if they did not, in time, weaken this female power.
I executed this plan with all the art I was possessed of, supporting it with the most cogent228 reasons, and sent it to the king.
He, who had given me many proofs of his favor, was astonished at this miserable and impertinent project, as he graciously called it, and said, that it would fall out to my destruction.
But relying partly on my reasonings and partly on the support of the whole male population, I held obstinately229 to my plan. According to law, I was led to the market-place with a rope about my neck, to await the decision of the Council. When the counsellors had given their votes, the sentence was sent to be subscribed230 by the king, which being done, it was publicly read by a herald231, as follows:
“On mature consideration we adjudge, that the proposal made by Sr: Skabba, first court-footman to his majesty, to exclude the second sex from public offices, cannot be accepted, without affecting the peace and order of the kingdom: since the women, who form the half of our population, would naturally be excited by this innovation, and thereby232 become hostile and troublesome to the government. Furthermore, we hold it to be unjust to deny, to trees of excellent qualities, admission to offices of which they have hitherto shown themselves to be worthy and especially it is incredible, that nature, which does nothing inconsiderately, should have idly endued233 them with superior and varied234 gifts. We believe the welfare of the kingdom requires that a regard should be had to fitness rather than to names, in the disposal of offices. As the land is not seldom in need of capable subjects, we pronounce a statute235 which should declare an entire half of the inhabitants, merely from birth, unworthy of and useless in affairs, to be deplorable.
“After grave deliberation we declare this to be justice: let the aforesaid Skabba, for his no less despicable than bold proposal, suffer the usual punishment in such cases.”
The good king took my misfortune to heart, but did not seek to change the resolution of the Council. As a matter of form he signed the warrant for my execution. Yet with his characteristic mildness, and in consideration of my having been born and educated in a strange world, where a quick and reckless head is thought to be a blessing236, he commuted237 my punishment to imprisonment238 till the beginning of the Birch month, when, with other animals, I should be banished239 to the firmament240. When this sentence was published, I was sent to prison.
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1
soliciting
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| v.恳求( solicit的现在分词 )；（指娼妇）拉客；索求；征求 | |
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2
majesty
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| n.雄伟，壮丽，庄严，威严；最高权威，王权 | |
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3
promotion
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| n.提升，晋级；促销，宣传 | |
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4
condescended
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| 屈尊，俯就( condescend的过去式和过去分词 )； 故意表示和蔼可亲 | |
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5
virtue
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| n.德行，美德；贞操；优点；功效，效力 | |
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6
accurately
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| adv.准确地，精确地 | |
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7
worthy
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| adj.(of)值得的，配得上的；有价值的 | |
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displeasing
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| 不愉快的，令人发火的 | |
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9
determined
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| adj.坚定的；有决心的 | |
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10
sleepless
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| adj.不睡眠的，睡不著的，不休息的 | |
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labor
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| n.劳动，努力，工作，劳工；分娩；vi.劳动，努力，苦干；vt.详细分析；麻烦 | |
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12
laborious
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| adj.吃力的，努力的，不流畅 | |
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13
travail
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| n.阵痛；努力 | |
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14
circumference
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| n.圆周，周长，圆周线 | |
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15
mere
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| adj.纯粹的；仅仅，只不过 | |
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whim
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| n.一时的兴致，突然的念头；奇想，幻想 | |
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17
poetical
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| adj.似诗人的；诗一般的；韵文的；富有诗意的 | |
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18
remarkable
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| adj.显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的 | |
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19
entirely
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| ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地 | |
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20
intercourse
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| n.性交；交流，交往，交际 | |
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21
indifference
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| n.不感兴趣，不关心，冷淡，不在乎 | |
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22
possessed
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| adj.疯狂的；拥有的，占有的 | |
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23
haughty
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| adj.傲慢的，高傲的 | |
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24
compassionate
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| adj.有同情心的，表示同情的 | |
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compassion
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| n.同情，怜悯 | |
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26
woes
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| 困境( woe的名词复数 )； 悲伤； 我好苦哇； 某人就要倒霉 | |
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27
mutual
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| adj.相互的，彼此的；共同的，共有的 | |
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28
converse
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| vi.谈话，谈天，闲聊；adv.相反的，相反 | |
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29
folly
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| n.愚笨，愚蠢，蠢事，蠢行，傻话 | |
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30
grumbling
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| adj. 喃喃鸣不平的, 出怨言的 | |
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31
forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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32
milky
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| adj.牛奶的，多奶的；乳白色的 | |
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33
brooks
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| n.小溪( brook的名词复数 ) | |
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34
amber
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| n.琥珀；琥珀色；adj.琥珀制的 | |
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35
mead
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| n.蜂蜜酒 | |
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36
luscious
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| adj.美味的；芬芳的；肉感的，引与性欲的 | |
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37
spouts
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| n.管口( spout的名词复数 )；（喷出的）水柱；（容器的）嘴；在困难中v.（指液体）喷出( spout的第三人称单数 )；滔滔不绝地讲；喋喋不休地说；喷水 | |
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38
slumber
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| n.睡眠，沉睡状态 | |
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39
verdant
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| adj.翠绿的，青翠的，生疏的，不老练的 | |
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40
limpid
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| adj.清澈的，透明的 | |
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41
den
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| n.兽穴；秘密地方；安静的小房间，私室 | |
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42
lust
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| n.性(淫)欲；渴(欲)望；vi.对…有强烈的欲望 | |
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43
lustre
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| n.光亮，光泽；荣誉 | |
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44
ripples
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| 逐渐扩散的感觉( ripple的名词复数 ) | |
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45
oozing
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| v.（浓液等）慢慢地冒出，渗出( ooze的现在分词 )；使（液体）缓缓流出；（浓液）渗出，慢慢流出 | |
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46
glide
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| n./v.溜，滑行；(时间)消逝 | |
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47
teeming
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| adj.丰富的v.充满( teem的现在分词 )；到处都是；（指水、雨等）暴降；倾注 | |
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48
mellow
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| adj.柔和的；熟透的；v.变柔和；(使)成熟 | |
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49
nutritious
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| adj.有营养的，营养价值高的 | |
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50
savors
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| v.意味，带有…的性质( savor的第三人称单数 )；给…加调味品；使有风味；品尝 | |
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51
scent
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| n.气味，香味，香水，线索，嗅觉；v.嗅，发觉 | |
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52
laborers
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| n.体力劳动者，工人( laborer的名词复数 )；（熟练工人的）辅助工 | |
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53
languish
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| vi.变得衰弱无力，失去活力，（植物等）凋萎 | |
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54
cypresses
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| n.柏属植物，柏树( cypress的名词复数 ) | |
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55
dedicated
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| adj.一心一意的；献身的；热诚的 | |
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56
aspirants
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| n.有志向或渴望获得…的人( aspirant的名词复数 )v.渴望的，有抱负的，追求名誉或地位的( aspirant的第三人称单数 )；有志向或渴望获得…的人 | |
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57
neophyte
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| n.新信徒；开始者 | |
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58
qualified
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| adj.合格的，有资格的，胜任的，有限制的 | |
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59
pointed
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| adj.尖的，直截了当的 | |
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60
joint
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| adj.联合的，共同的；n.关节，接合处；v.连接，贴合 | |
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61
mightiest
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| adj.趾高气扬( mighty的最高级 )；巨大的；强有力的；浩瀚的 | |
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62
oysters
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| 牡蛎( oyster的名词复数 ) | |
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63
miserable
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| adj.悲惨的，痛苦的；可怜的，糟糕的 | |
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64
condemned
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| adj. 被责难的, 被宣告有罪的 动词condemn的过去式和过去分词 | |
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65
infamous
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| adj.声名狼藉的，臭名昭著的，邪恶的 | |
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66
drenched
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| adj.湿透的；充满的v.使湿透( drench的过去式和过去分词 )；在某人（某物）上大量使用（某液体） | |
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67
secluded
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| adj.与世隔绝的；隐退的；偏僻的v.使隔开，使隐退( seclude的过去式和过去分词) | |
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68
baubles
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| n.小玩意( bauble的名词复数 )；华而不实的小件装饰品；无价值的东西；丑角的手杖 | |
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69
retinue
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| n.侍从；随员 | |
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70
longing
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| n.（for）渴望 | |
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71
jealousy
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| n.妒忌，嫉妒，猜忌 | |
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72
perverted
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| adj.不正当的v.滥用( pervert的过去式和过去分词 )；腐蚀；败坏；使堕落 | |
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73
lustful
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| a.贪婪的；渴望的 | |
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74
lasciviousness
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75
minor
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| adj.较小(少)的，较次要的；n.辅修学科；vi.辅修 | |
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76
guardianship
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| n. 监护, 保护, 守护 | |
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77
perversion
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| n.曲解；堕落；反常 | |
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78
entrusted
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| v.委托，托付( entrust的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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79
puerile
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| adj.幼稚的，儿童的 | |
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80
congregate
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| v.(使)集合，聚集 | |
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81
dwellings
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| n.住处，处所( dwelling的名词复数 ) | |
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82
beckon
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| v.(以点头或打手势)向...示意，召唤 | |
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83
chuckle
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| vi.／n.轻声笑，咯咯笑 | |
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84
plume
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| n.羽毛；v.整理羽毛，骚首弄姿，用羽毛装饰 | |
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85
intimacy
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| n.熟悉，亲密，密切关系，亲昵的言行 | |
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86
besieging
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| 包围，围困，围攻( besiege的现在分词 ) | |
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87
outraged
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| a.震惊的，义愤填膺的 | |
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88
decency
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| n.体面，得体，合宜，正派，庄重 | |
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89
stammer
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| n.结巴，口吃；v.结结巴巴地说 | |
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90
entreaty
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| n.恳求，哀求 | |
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91
commotion
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| n.骚动，动乱 | |
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92
violation
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| n.违反(行为)，违背(行为)，侵犯 | |
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93
virgin
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| n.处女，未婚女子；adj.未经使用的；未经开发的 | |
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94
abominable
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| adj.可厌的，令人憎恶的 | |
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95
prosecuted
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| a.被起诉的 | |
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96
virtuous
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| adj.有品德的，善良的，贞洁的，有效力的 | |
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97
seduced
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| 诱奸( seduce的过去式和过去分词 )； 勾引； 诱使堕落； 使入迷 | |
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98
frail
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| adj.身体虚弱的；易损坏的 | |
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99
automatons
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| n.自动机，机器人( automaton的名词复数 ) | |
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100
aspirations
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| 强烈的愿望( aspiration的名词复数 )； 志向； 发送气音； 发 h 音 | |
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101
behold
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| v.看，注视，看到 | |
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102
beholding
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| v.看，注视( behold的现在分词 )；瞧；看呀；（叙述中用于引出某人意外的出现）哎哟 | |
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103
vegetate
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| v.无所事事地过活 | |
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104
unnatural
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| adj.不自然的；反常的 | |
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105
philosophical
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| adj.哲学家的，哲学上的，达观的 | |
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106
muses
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| v.沉思，冥想( muse的第三人称单数 )；沉思自语说（某事） | |
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107
bogs
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| n.沼泽，泥塘( bog的名词复数 )；厕所v.（使）陷入泥沼， （使）陷入困境( bog的第三人称单数 )；妨碍，阻碍 | |
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108
besmirched
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| v.弄脏( besmirch的过去式和过去分词 )；玷污；丑化；糟蹋（名誉等） | |
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109
bruised
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| [医]青肿的，瘀紫的 | |
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110
onward
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| adj.向前的，前进的；adv.向前，前进，在先 | |
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111
saluting
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| v.欢迎，致敬( salute的现在分词 )；赞扬，赞颂 | |
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112
astonishment
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| n.惊奇，惊异 | |
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113
abode
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| n.住处，住所 | |
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114
barbarians
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| n.野蛮人( barbarian的名词复数 )；外国人；粗野的人；无教养的人 | |
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115
strutted
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| 趾高气扬地走，高视阔步( strut的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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116
crevices
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| n.（尤指岩石的）裂缝，缺口( crevice的名词复数 ) | |
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117
vices
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| 缺陷( vice的名词复数 )； 恶习； 不道德行为； 台钳 | |
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118
mingled
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| 混合，混入( mingle的过去式和过去分词 )； 混进，与…交往[联系] | |
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119
filthy
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| adj.卑劣的；恶劣的，肮脏的 | |
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120
distinguished
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| adj.卓越的，杰出的，著名的 | |
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121
enraptured
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| v.使狂喜( enrapture的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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122
speculation
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| n.思索，沉思；猜测；投机 | |
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123
upwards
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| adv.向上，在更高处...以上 | |
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124
torpid
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| adj.麻痹的，麻木的，迟钝的 | |
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125
insanity
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| n.疯狂，精神错乱；极端的愚蠢，荒唐 | |
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126
inscriptions
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| （作者）题词( inscription的名词复数 )； 献词； 碑文； 证劵持有人的登记 | |
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127
trickling
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| n.油画底色含油太多而成泡沫状突起v.滴( trickle的现在分词 )；淌；使)慢慢走；缓慢移动 | |
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128
wrath
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| n.愤怒，愤慨，暴怒 | |
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129
regained
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| 复得( regain的过去式和过去分词 )； 赢回； 重回； 复至某地 | |
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130
intensity
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| n.强烈，剧烈；强度；烈度 | |
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131
tyrants
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| 专制统治者( tyrant的名词复数 )； 暴君似的人； （古希腊的）僭主； 严酷的事物 | |
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132
soothed
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| v.安慰( soothe的过去式和过去分词 )；抚慰；使舒服；减轻痛苦 | |
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133
calamity
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| n.灾害，祸患，不幸事件 | |
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134
heartily
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| adv.衷心地，诚恳地，十分，很 | |
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135
dissecting
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| v.解剖（动物等）( dissect的现在分词 )；仔细分析或研究 | |
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136
languishing
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| a. 衰弱下去的 | |
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137
amiable
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| adj.和蔼可亲的，友善的，亲切的 | |
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138
uncommon
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| adj.罕见的，非凡的，不平常的 | |
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139
awakened
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| v.（使）醒( awaken的过去式和过去分词 )；（使）觉醒；弄醒；（使）意识到 | |
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140
phenomena
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| n.现象 | |
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141
anatomy
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| n.解剖学，解剖；功能，结构，组织 | |
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142
intercede
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| vi.仲裁，说情 | |
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143
gratitude
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| adj.感激，感谢 | |
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144
follies
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| 罪恶，时事讽刺剧； 愚蠢，蠢笨，愚蠢的行为、思想或做法( folly的名词复数 ) | |
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145
discourse
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| n.论文，演说；谈话；话语；vi.讲述，著述 | |
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146
adverted
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| 引起注意（advert的过去式与过去分词形式） | |
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147
speculations
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| n.投机买卖( speculation的名词复数 )；思考；投机活动；推断 | |
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148
undone
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| a.未做完的，未完成的 | |
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149
mitigate
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| vt.（使）减轻，（使）缓和 | |
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150
torments
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| （肉体或精神上的）折磨，痛苦( torment的名词复数 )； 造成痛苦的事物[人] | |
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151
complacent
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| adj.自满的；自鸣得意的 | |
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152
outstrip
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| v.超过，跑过 | |
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153
shrieks
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| n.尖叫声( shriek的名词复数 )v.尖叫( shriek的第三人称单数 ) | |
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154
opprobrious
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| adj.可耻的，辱骂的 | |
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155
epithets
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| n.（表示性质、特征等的）词语( epithet的名词复数 ) | |
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156
peculiar
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| adj.古怪的，异常的；特殊的，特有的 | |
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157
appendage
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| n.附加物 | |
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158
stewards
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| （轮船、飞机等的）乘务员( steward的名词复数 )； （俱乐部、旅馆、工会等的）管理员； （大型活动的）组织者； （私人家中的）管家 | |
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159
subscribe
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| vi.(to)订阅，订购；同意；vt.捐助，赞助 | |
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160
attain
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| vt.达到，获得，完成 | |
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161
platonic
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| adj.精神的；柏拉图（哲学）的 | |
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162
virtues
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| 美德( virtue的名词复数 )； 德行； 优点； 长处 | |
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163
fixed
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| adj.固定的，不变的，准备好的；(计算机)固定的 | |
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164
unreasonableness
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| 无理性； 横逆 | |
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165
unreasonable
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| adj.不讲道理的，不合情理的，过度的 | |
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166
grumble
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| vi.抱怨；咕哝；n.抱怨，牢骚；咕哝，隆隆声 | |
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167
providence
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| n.深谋远虑，天道，天意；远见；节约；上帝 | |
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168
erring
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| 做错事的，错误的 | |
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169
congregated
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| （使）集合，聚集( congregate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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170
sincerity
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| n.真诚，诚意；真实 | |
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171
desolate
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| adj.荒凉的，荒芜的；孤独的，凄凉的；v.使荒芜，使孤寂 | |
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172
meekness
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| n.温顺，柔和 | |
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173
innocence
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| n.无罪；天真；无害 | |
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174
agitation
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| n.搅动；搅拌；鼓动，煽动 | |
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175
engraved
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| v.在（硬物）上雕刻（字，画等）( engrave的过去式和过去分词 )；将某事物深深印在（记忆或头脑中） | |
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176
poised
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| a.摆好姿势不动的 | |
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177
bristling
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| a.竖立的 | |
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178
bloody
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| adj.非常的的；流血的；残忍的；adv.很；vt.血染 | |
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179
corpses
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| n.死尸，尸体( corpse的名词复数 ) | |
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180
inclination
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| n.倾斜；点头；弯腰；斜坡；倾度；倾向；爱好 | |
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181
magistrate
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| n.地方行政官，地方法官，治安官 | |
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182
magistrates
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| 地方法官，治安官( magistrate的名词复数 ) | |
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183
avarice
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| n.贪婪；贪心 | |
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184
postpone
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| v.延期，推迟 | |
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185
repentance
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| n.懊悔 | |
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186
pious
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| adj.虔诚的；道貌岸然的 | |
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187
drooping
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| adj. 下垂的，无力的 动词droop的现在分词 | |
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188
veneration
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| n.尊敬，崇拜 | |
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189
expedients
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| n.应急有效的，权宜之计的( expedient的名词复数 ) | |
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190
zeal
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| n.热心，热情，热忱 | |
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191
discriminate
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| v.区别，辨别，区分；有区别地对待 | |
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192
simplicity
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| n.简单，简易；朴素；直率，单纯 | |
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193
literally
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| adv.照字面意义，逐字地；确实 | |
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194
fatigue
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| n.疲劳，劳累 | |
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195
tavern
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| n.小旅馆，客栈；小酒店 | |
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196
abstain
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| v.自制，戒绝，弃权，避免 | |
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197
growling
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| n.吠声, 咆哮声 v.怒吠, 咆哮, 吼 | |
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198
groans
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| n.呻吟，叹息( groan的名词复数 )；呻吟般的声音v.呻吟( groan的第三人称单数 )；发牢骚；抱怨；受苦 | |
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199
lamentable
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| adj.令人惋惜的，悔恨的 | |
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200
thither
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| adv.向那里；adj.在那边的，对岸的 | |
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201
humble
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| adj.谦卑的，恭顺的；地位低下的；v.降低，贬低 | |
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202
poltroon
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| n.胆怯者；懦夫 | |
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203
valiantly
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| adv.勇敢地，英勇地；雄赳赳 | |
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204
thoroughly
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| adv.完全地，彻底地，十足地 | |
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205
recollected
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| adj.冷静的；镇定的；被回忆起的；沉思默想的v.记起，想起( recollect的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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206
confirmation
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| n.证实，确认，批准 | |
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207
malicious
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| adj.有恶意的，心怀恶意的 | |
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208
accusation
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| n.控告，指责，谴责 | |
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209
volcanic
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| adj.火山的；象火山的；由火山引起的 | |
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210
atheistic
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| adj.无神论者的 | |
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211
berth
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| n.卧铺，停泊地，锚位；v.使停泊 | |
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212
adepts
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| n.专家，能手( adept的名词复数 ) | |
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213
puffed
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| adj.疏松的v.使喷出( puff的过去式和过去分词 )；喷着汽（或烟）移动；吹嘘；吹捧 | |
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214
liking
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| n.爱好；嗜好；喜欢 | |
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215
stipend
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| n.薪贴；奖学金；养老金 | |
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216
chancellor
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| n.(英)大臣；法官；(德、奥)总理；大学校长 | |
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217
judgment
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| n.审判；判断力，识别力，看法，意见 | |
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218
insignificance
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| n.不重要；无价值；无意义 | |
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219
sculptor
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| n.雕刻家，雕刻家 | |
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220
carving
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| n.雕刻品，雕花 | |
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221
formerly
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| adv.从前，以前 | |
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222
strictly
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| adv.严厉地，严格地；严密地 | |
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223
machinery
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| n.(总称)机械，机器；机构 | |
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224
procured
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| v.（努力）取得， （设法）获得( procure的过去式和过去分词 )；拉皮条 | |
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225
unlimited
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| adj.无限的，不受控制的，无条件的 | |
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226
dominion
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| n.统治，管辖，支配权；领土，版图 | |
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227
exclusion
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| n.拒绝，排除，排斥，远足，远途旅行 | |
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228
cogent
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| adj.强有力的，有说服力的 | |
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229
obstinately
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| ad.固执地，顽固地 | |
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230
subscribed
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| v.捐助( subscribe的过去式和过去分词 )；签署，题词；订阅；同意 | |
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231
herald
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| vt.预示...的来临，预告，宣布，欢迎 | |
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232
thereby
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| adv.因此，从而 | |
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233
endued
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| v.授予，赋予（特性、才能等）( endue的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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234
varied
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| adj.多样的，多变化的 | |
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235
statute
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| n.成文法，法令，法规；章程，规则，条例 | |
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236
blessing
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| n.祈神赐福；祷告；祝福，祝愿 | |
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237
commuted
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| 通勤( commute的过去式和过去分词 )； 减（刑）； 代偿 | |
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238
imprisonment
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| n.关押，监禁，坐牢 | |
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239
banished
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| v.放逐，驱逐( banish的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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240
firmament
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| n.苍穹；最高层 | |
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