From this time all my exertions2 were directed to the accomplishment3 of a radical4 reform throughout the country. I commenced by improving their mode of warfare5, in exercising the young men in riding, fencing and shooting. My constant labor6 was rewarded so well that, in a short time, I exhibited before the emperor six thousand horsemen.
At this period the Tanaquites were preparing for a new attack upon the Quamites, on account of the refusal of this latter people to pay a yearly tribute which had been several times demanded and as often denied. I went, at the emperor’s desire, with my cavalry7 and some footmen to meet the invaders8. To the infantry9 I gave javelins10 and arrows, that they might fight their enemies at a distance; for the Quamites had formerly11 used only short swords or poignards, and consequently were obliged to meet in close combat their frightful12 foes14, the Tanaquites, who excelling them greatly in personal strength, had great advantage over them. Hearing that the enemy were approaching the boundary, as commander-in-chief, I repaired instantly towards them. On meeting the invaders I caused the footmen to attack them with their javelins; this put them into panic and flight, and determined15 the fate of the day. The enemy suffered a terrible defeat and the Tanaquitic leader, with twenty other noble tigers, were taken prisoners alive and carried in triumph to Quama. It is not possible to describe the general and tumultuous joy that filled the whole country for this glorious victory; because in former wars the Quamites had generally been obliged to lay down their arms. The emperor commanded the prisoners to be immediately executed, according to old custom; but considering this a horrible custom, I persuaded him to respite16 them, and put them in prison for further deliberation.
I had observed that this land was very rich in saltpetre, and had collected a considerable quantity for the purpose of making powder. This intention I had kept secret, however, from all except the emperor, whose permission I needed to establish manufactories for rifles and other guns. With the aid of these I hoped in a short time to subdue17 all the enemies of the empire. When I had finished some hundred rifles and prepared balls suitable for them, I made a trial of my project to the astonishment18 of all. A certain number of soldiers were selected to learn this military art, and were exercised in the management of the guns. When this body of soldiers had become accustomed to the use of these new engines of war, and could employ them effectively, a review was held, after which the emperor proclaimed me Jakal, that is, generalissimo over the whole army. While all these matters were pending19, I had entered into an intimate friendship with the brave leader of the Tanaquites, the imprisoned20 Tomopoloko, with whom I held frequent and interesting conversations, with the object of learning the constitution, character, and customs of his nation. I could not but observe, to my great astonishment, that they were a witty21, moral and enlightened people, and that the sciences were earnestly and effectively cultivated by them. The chief told me, that towards the east were a valorous people, against whose attacks, the Tanaquites were obliged to keep themselves always prepared. The inhabitants of that country, he added, were small, and in reality much inferior in bodily strength to those of Tanaquis; but being of superior acuteness and agility22, and excellent bowmen, they had in fact, often forced the Tanaquites to sue for peace.
I soon came to know, that this formidable nation consisted of cats; and that they had distinguished23 themselves among all the nations under the firmament24, for their rational judgment25 and political acumen26. It provoked and pained me not a little, that skilfulness27, the sciences, and polite manners, should be universally among the animals of the subterranean28 world, while only real human beings, namely, the Quamites were sunk to the profoundest depths of uncultivated barbarism. I consoled myself, however, in the hope that, through my endeavors, this shame would soon cease, and the Quamites would recover that dominion29, which belonged to them as men over all other animals.
Since their last defeat, the Tanaquites kept very quiet for a long time; but when they found out the nature and condition of our cavalry; when they discovered that those centaurs30, who had frightened them so terribly at first, were nothing in reality, but tamed horses with men seated upon them, they took courage and armed new troops against the Quamites, under the command of their king. Their whole army consisted of twenty thousand tigers, all veteran soldiers, heroes of many hard fought fields, except two regiments31 of new recruits; these hastily collected warriors32 were, however, more formidable in name and numbers than in service. Already sure of victory, they fell at once upon Quama. I immediately ordered against them twelve thousand infantry, among whom were six hundred musketeers, and four thousand horsemen. As I had not the slightest doubt of a fortunate termination to this expedition, I requested the emperor to take command of it, and thus reap the honor of the victory. By this appearance of modesty34, I lost no respect, for the whole army still considered me the true leader. I first directed my cavalry against the enemy, but these were resisted with so much vigor35, that the side of victory was for a long time doubtful: at the critical moment, when triumph was vacillating between the two powers, I detached my musketeers from the main body and advanced upon the foe13. The Tanaquites were much astonished at the first shots, for they could not conceive whence came the thunder and lightning; but when they saw the mournful effects of our continued volleys, they became terrified; at the first discharge fell about two hundred tigers, among which were two chaplains, who were shot down while encouraging the soldiers to bravery. When I observed the panic among the enemy, I commanded a second discharge, whose results were more fatal than the former; their king himself was shot: then the Tanaquites took to flight; our cavalry followed them, and cut down so many of the flying multitude, that those in the rear could not proceed from the huge piles of slain36 that covered the way. When the battle was over, we counted the killed of the enemy and found them to be thirteen thousand: our own loss was comparatively very slight. The victorious37 army marched into the kingdom of Tanaqui and encamped before its capital. The general terror had meanwhile increased so much, that the magistrates38 submissively met the conquerors39 and delivered the keys of the city. The capital surrendering, the whole country soon followed its example. The disregard and contempt in which the Quamites had to this time been held, were changed to admiration40 and fear: the empire, with the addition of the newly conquered kingdom, was extended to twice its former size.
The glory of these actions was with one voice ascribed to my superior knowledge and untiring industry; and the esteem41 which had been long cherished for me, now passed over to a reverent42 and divine worship. This period of general peace and exultation43, I thought a fitting time to advance the civilization and refinement44 of the Quamites, and as a practical commencement to this great work I ordered the royal Tanaquitic library to be moved to Quama.
My curiosity to become acquainted with this library had been at first excited by the imprisoned leader Tomopoloko, who told me that among its manuscripts was one, whose author had been up to our globe, in which history of his travels he had described several of its kingdoms, particularly those of Europe. The Tanaquites had seized this manuscript during one of their predatory excursions into a distant land; but as the author had concealed47 his name, they knew not what countryman he was, nor in what manner he had passed up through the earth. The quaint45 title of this book was: “Tanian’s 2 Travels Above-ground; being a description of the kingdoms and countries there, especially those of Europe.” From the antiquity48 of this work together with its great popularity, it had become so ragged49, that what I was most anxious to learn, namely, the narration50 of the author’s journey to our earth and his return, was most unfortunately lost. Here is the contents of this singular manuscript, such as I found it:
“Fragments of Tanian’s Diary, kept on a Voyage above-ground, Translated by his Excellency, M. Tomopoloko, General-in-chief, in the Service of his Tanaquitic majesty51.“
“This land (Germany) was called the Roman empire; but it has been an empty title, since the Roman monarchy was demolished52 several centuries since. The language of this land is not easy to understand, on account of its perverted53 style; for, what in other languages is placed before, in this comes after, so that the meaning cannot be had before a whole page is read through. The form of government is very inconsistent; some think they have a regent and yet have none; it should be an empire, yet it is divided into several duchies, each of which has its own government, and often engages in a formal war with its neighbor. The whole land is called ‘holy,’ although there is not to be found in it the least trace of piety54. The regent, or more correctly the unregent, who bears the name of emperor, is denominated ‘the continual augmenter55 of his country,’ although he not seldom diminishes it; ‘invincible,’ notwithstanding he is often slain: sometimes by the French, sometimes by the Turks. One has no less reason to wonder at the people’s rights and liberties; but although they have many rights, they are forbidden to use them. Innumerable commentaries have been written upon the German constitution, but notwithstanding this, they have made no advance because
“The capital of this country (France) is called Paris, and is very large, and may in a certain degree be considered the capital of all Europe; for it exercises a peculiar57 law-giving power over the whole continent. It has, for example, the exclusive right to prescribe the universal mode of dress and living; and no style of dress, however inconvenient58 or ridiculous, may be controverted59 after the Parisians have once established it. How or when they obtained this prescriptive right is unknown to me. I observed, however, that this dominion did not extend to other things; for the other nations often make war with the French, and not seldom force them to sue for peace on very hard terms; but subservience60 in dress and living nevertheless continues. In quickness of judgment, inquisitiveness61 after news, and fruitfulness of discovery, the French are much like the Martinians.
“From Bologna we went to Rome. This latter city is governed by a priest, who is held to be the mightiest62 of the kings and rulers of Europe, although his possessions may be travelled through in one day. Beyond all other regents, who only have supremacy63 over their subjects’ lives and goods, he can govern souls. The Europeans generally believe that this priest has in his possession the keys of heaven. I was very curious to see these keys, but all my endeavors were in vain. His power, not only over his own subjects, but the whole human race, consists principally in that he can absolve64 those whom God condemns65, and condemn66 those whom God absolves67; an immense authority, which the inhabitants of our subterranean world seriously believe is not becoming to any mortal man. But it is an easy matter to induce the Europeans to credit the most unreasonable68 assertions, and submit to the most high-handed assumptions, notwithstanding they consider themselves alone sensible and enlightened, and, puffed69 up with their foolish conceits70, look contemptuously upon all other nations, whom they call barbarous.
“I will not, by any means, defend our subterranean manners and institutions: my purpose simply is, to examine those of the Europeans, and show how little claim these people have to find fault with other nations.
“It is customary, in some parts of Europe, to powder the hair and clothes with ground and sifted71 corn; the same which nature has produced for the nourishment72 of man. This flour is called hair-powder. It is combed out with great care at night, preparatory to a fresh sprinkling in the morning. There is another custom with them, which did not appear less ridiculous to me. They have certain coverings for the head, called hats, made ostensibly, to protect the head from the weather, but which, instead of being used for this very reasonable purpose, are generally worn under the arm, even in the winter. This seemed as foolish to me as would the instance of one’s walking through the city with his cloak or breeches in his hand; thus exposing his body, which these should cover, to the severity of the weather.
“The doctrines74 of European religion are excellent and consistent with sound reason. In their books of moral law they are commanded to read the Christian75 precepts76 often; to search into their true meaning, and are advised to be indulgent with the weak and erring77. Nevertheless, should any understand one or another doctrine73 of these books in any but the established sense, they would be imprisoned, lashed78, yes, and even burned for their want of judgment. This seemed to me the same case, as if one should be punished for a blemish79 in sight, through which he saw that object square which others believed to be round. I was told that some thousand people had been executed by hanging or burning, for their originality80 of thought.
“In most cities and villages are to be found certain persons standing56 in high places, who animadvert severely81 upon the sins of others, which they themselves commit daily: this seemed to me as sensible as the preaching of temperance by a drunkard.
“In the larger towns, it is almost generally the fashion to invite one’s guests, immediately after meals, to imbibe82 a kind of sup made from burnt beans, which they call coffee. To the places where this is drunk, they are drawn83 in a great box on four wheels, by two very strong animals; for the higher classes of Europeans hold it to be very indecent to move about on their feet.
“On the first day of the year, the Europeans are attacked by a certain disease, which we subterraneans know nothing of. The symptoms of this malady84 are a peculiar disturbance85 of the mind and agitation86 of the head; its effects are that none can remain, on that day, five minutes in one place. They run furiously from one house to another, with no appreciable87 reason. This disease continues with many even fourteen days; until at last, they become weary of their eternal gadding88, check themselves and regain89 their former health.
“In France, Italy and Spain, the people lose their reason for some weeks, in the winter season. This delirium90 is moderated by strewing91 ashes on the foreheads of the sufferers. In the northern parts of Europe, to which this disease sometimes extends, and where the ashes have no power, nature is left to work the cure.
“It is the custom with most Europeans, to enter into a solemn compact with God, in the presence of witnesses, three or four times a year, which they invariably and immediately break. This compact is called ‘communion,’ and seems to have been established only to show that the Europeans are used to break their promises several times each year. They confess their sins and implore92 the mercy of God, in certain melodies, accompanied by instrumental music. As the magnitude of their sins increases, their music becomes louder: thus fluters, trumpeters and drummers are favorite helpers to devotion.
“Almost all the nations of Europe are obliged to acknowledge and believe in the doctrines, which are contained in a certain ‘holy book.’ At the south the reading of this book is entirely93 forbidden; so that the people are forced to credit what they dare not read; in these same regions, it is likewise austerely94 forbidden to worship God, except in a language incomprehensible to the people; so that, only those prayers are held to be lawful95 and pleasing to God, which are uttered from memory, without comprehension.
“The learned controversies96 which occupy the European academies, consist in the discussion of matters, the development of which is productive of no benefit, and in the examination of phenomena97, the nature of which is beyond the reach of the human mind. The most serious study of a European scholar, is the consideration of a pair of old boots, the slippers98, necklaces and gowns of a race long extinct. Of the sciences, both worldly and divine, none judge for themselves, but subscribe99 blindly to the opinions of a few. The decisions of these, when once established, they cling to, like oysters100 to the rocks. They select a few from their number whom they call, ‘wise,’ and credit them implicitly101. Now, there would be nothing to object against this, could raw and ignorant people decide in this case; but to decide concerning wisdom requires, methinks, a certain degree of sapience102 in the judge.
“In the southern countries, certain cakes are carried about, which the priests set up for Gods; the most curious part of this matter is, the bakers103 themselves, while the dough104 yet cleaves105 to their fingers, will swear that these cakes have created heaven and earth.
“The English prefer their liberty to all else, and are not slaves, except to their wives. Today they reject that religion, which yesterday they professed106. I ascribe this fickleness107 to the situation of their country; they are islanders and seamen108, and probably become affected109 by the variable element that surrounds them. They inquire very often after each other’s health, so that one would suppose them to be all doctors; but the question: how do you do? is merely a form of speech; a sound without the slightest signification.
“Towards the north, is a republic, consisting of seven provinces. These are called ‘united,’ notwithstanding there is not to be found the least trace of union among them. The mob boast of their power, and insist upon their right to dispose of state affairs; but no where is the commonalty more excluded from such matters; the whole government being in the hands of some few families.
“The inhabitants of this republic heap up great riches with anxious and unwearied vigilance, which, however, they do not enjoy: their purses are always full, their stomachs always empty. One would almost believe they lived on smoke, which they continually suck through tubes or pipes, made of clay. It must, nevertheless, be confessed, that these people surpass all others in cleanliness; for they wash everything but their hands.
“Every land has its own laws and customs, which are usually opposed to each other. For example; by law, the wife is subject to the husband; by custom, the husband is ruled by the wife.
“In Europe, the superfluous111 members of society only are respected; these devour112 not only the fruits of the land but the land itself. The cultivators of the soil, who feed these gorges113 are degraded for their industry and despised for their usefulness.
“The prevalence of vice33 and crime in Europe may perhaps be fairly inferred from the great number of gallows114 and scaffolds to be seen everywhere. Each town has its own executioner. I must, for justice sake, clear England from this stigma115; I believe there are no public murderers in that country: the inhabitants hang themselves.
“I have a kind of suspicion that the Europeans are cannibals; for they shut large flocks of healthful and strong persons in certain inclosures, called cloisters116, for the purpose of making them fat and smooth. This object seldom fails, as these prisoners, free from all labor and care, have nothing to do but to enjoy themselves in these gardens of pleasure.
“Europeans commonly drink water in the morning to cool their stomachs; this object accomplished117, they drink brandy to heat them again.
“In Europe are two principal sects118 in religion; the Roman catholic and the protestant. The protestants worship but one God; the catholics, several. Each city and village, with these, has its appropriate God or Goddess. All these deities119 are created by the pope, or superior priest at Rome, who, on his part, is chosen by certain other priests, called cardinals120. The mighty121 power of these creators of the creator of the gods, does not, as it would seem to an indifferent spectator, apparently122 alarm the people.
“The ancient inhabitants of Italy subdued123 the whole world, and obeyed their wives; the present, on the contrary, abuse their wives and submit to the whole world.
“The Europeans generally feed upon the same victuals124 with the subterraneans. The Spaniards alone live on the air.
“Commerce flourishes here and there; many things are offered for sale in Europe, which with us are never objects of trade. Thus in Rome, people sell heaven; in Switzerland, themselves; and in * * * * * * *, the crown, sceptre and throne are offered at public auction125.
“In Spain, idleness is the true mark of a well-bred man; and the distinguishing proof of pure nobility is an aptitude126 to sleep.
“Among European writers, those are in the highest repute, who change the natural order of words, making that which is in itself simple and distinct, intricate and incomprehensible. The class most noted127 for this abominable128 perversion129 of style is that of the ‘poets:’ this singular removal of words is called ‘poetry.’ The capability130 to puzzle is by no means the only requisite131 to become a true poet; one must be able to lie most terribly. A certain old poet named Homerus, who possessed132 both these qualities in an eminent133 degree, is styled the ‘master,’ and is idolized with a kind of divine worship. He has had many imitators of his distortion of sentences and falsification of truth; but, it is said, none have yet reached his excellence134.
“The cultivators of science purchase books in great quantities, not so much, I am told, for the sake of the contents, as for their antiqueness of style or elegance135 of binding136.
“The learned and unlearned are distinguished from each other by different dresses and manners; but especially by different religions: the latter believe mostly in one God; the former worship many divinities, both male and female. Among the principal of these are, Apollo, Minerva, and nine muses137; besides many lesser138 whole and half Gods. The poets particularly implore their aid and ‘hail’ them when they take a notion to rage.
“The learned are divided, according to their different studies into the classes of philosophers, poets, grammarians, natural philosophers, metaphysicians, &c.
“A philosopher is a scientific tradesman, who, for a certain price, sells prescriptions139 of self-denial, temperance and poverty; he generally preaches the pains of wealth, till he becomes rich himself, when he abandons the world for a comfortable and dignified140 retreat. The father of the philosophers, Seneca, is said to have collected royal wealth.
“A poet is one who makes a great stir with printed prattle141, falsehood and fury. Madness is the characteristic of the true poet. All those who express themselves, with clearness, precision and simplicity142 are deemed unworthy of the laurel wreath.
“The grammarians are a sort of military body, who disturb the public peace. They are distinguished from all other warriors, by dress and weapons. They wear black instead of colored uniforms, and wield143 pens rather than swords. They fight with as much obstinacy144 for letters and words as do the others for liberty and father-land.
“A natural philosopher is one who searches into the bowels145 of the earth, studies the nature of animals, worms and insects, and, in a word, is familiar with every thing, but himself.
“A metaphysician is a sort of philosopher, partly visionary and partly sceptical, who sees what is concealed from all others. He describes the being and unfolds the nature of souls and spirits, and knows both what is, and what is not. From the acuteness of his sight, the metaphysician cannot discern what lies directly before his feet.
“I have thus briefly146 considered the condition of the learned republic in Europe. I could relate many other things, but I think I have given the reader a sufficient test, by which he may judge how far the Europeans have a right to hold themselves pre?minent for wisdom.
“The people above-ground are exceedingly pious147, and extraordinarily148 zealous149 in praying. Their prayers, however, do not arise from the impulses and emotions of their hearts; but are subdued to mere110 matters of form, directed by bells, clocks or sun-dials. Their devotion is entirely mechanical, founded on external signs and old customs rather than in sincere feeling.
“When I came to Italy, I fancied myself master over the whole country; for every one called himself my slave. I took a notion to test the extent of this humble150 obedience151, and commanded my landlord to lend me his wife for a night; he became very angry, however, at this, and ordered me out of his house.
“In the north, there are many people who seek with great pains to obtain titles of offices which they do not hold; and many lose their reason in their eagerness to be on the right side. Furthermore,”
Here I lost my patience. Inflamed152 to the utmost fury, I threw the book on the ground, and assured Tomopoloko, who was by me, that it was the fiction of an unjust and choleric153 writer. When my first passion was cooled, I reviewed my sentence, and finally concluded that the author of these travels, although unfair and untrue in many particulars, had nevertheless made some good points and happy reflections.
I will now return to civil affairs. All our neighbors had kept very quiet for a long period, and during this peace I made every effort to constitute the government according to my own notions, and strengthen the army in numbers and efficiency.
Suddenly, we received information that three warlike and formidable nations, namely, the Arctonians, Kispusiananians and Alectorians, had united against the Quamites. The first named were bears gifted with reason and speech. The Kispusiananians were a nation of large cats celebrated154 for their cunning and ferocity. The Alectorians were cocks, armed with bows and arrows. These arrows with poisoned tips, were cast with wonderful precision, and their least touch was fatal.
These three nations had been irritated by the uncommon155 progress of the Quamites as well as by the fall of the Tanaquites. The allied156 powers sent ambassadors to Quama, to demand the liberty of the imprisoned Tanaquitians and the cession157 of their land, with power to declare war should the same be denied. By my advice, they were immediately dismissed with the following answer: “Since the Tanaquitians, violators of peace and alliance, have deserved the misery158 which they have brought upon themselves by their own folly159 and pride, his majesty, the emperor, is determined to defend, to the utmost, the possessions of a land, conquered in a lawful war, in spite of the threats and fearless of the strength of your unnatural160 alliance.”
In a short time I had an army of forty thousand men ready for the coming war: among these were eight thousand horsemen and two thousand riflemen. The emperor, old as he was, determined to follow this campaign; his eagerness and ambition were so great, that neither his wife’s representations nor mine were effective enough to induce him to abandon this intention.
In this state of affairs, I was made somewhat uneasy from mistrust of the Tanaquitians. I feared that, impatient of their unaccustomed slavery, they would take the first opportunity to throw off their yoke161, and go over to the enemy. I did not deceive myself; for immediately after the declaration of war, we heard that full twelve thousand Tanaquitians in complete armor, had marched for the enemy’s encampment. Thus were we occupied at once with four mighty foes.
In the beginning of the month Kilian, we commenced our march. From a spy, we learnt that the united troops had already besieged162 the fort Sibol in Tanaqui, on the borders of Kispusianania. On our arrival before the place, they abandoned the siege and prepared to meet us. The battle took place in a dale near the fort, and is to this day called the “Sibolic battle.”
The Arctonians, who formed their left wing, made great havoc163 among our cavalry; and, supported by the rebellious164 Tanaquites, fell furiously on our right; a moment longer and the fate of the conflict would have been determined. I detached a body of riflemen to engage the attention of the enemy, and allow the cavalry to recover; this movement was very effective; the men handled their guns well, and the enemy hastily abandoned their ground, under a terrific shower of balls. Meanwhile, the Kispusiananians on the other side pressed our infantry very hard; six hundred Quamites were down: some killed, others mortally wounded. The recovered cavalry now rushed upon them impetuously, broke their ranks, and, unresisted, slaughtered165 them by thousands.
The Alectorians, who formed the reserve, gave us the greatest trouble, for when our soldiers would attack them, they flew into the air, whence they shot on our heads their poisoned arrows. One of these entered the neck of the old emperor, while fighting vigorously in the midst of the field. He fell directly from his horse, was carried to his tent, and shortly after expired. The soldiers having been kept in ignorance of their sovereign’s death, the battle was continued until midnight. I soon found that our balls had but little effect upon our flying enemies; their motions being so rapid that our gunners could take no aim. Some new method must be devised to check them; a lucky expedient166 occurred to me; I ordered the guns to be loaded with small shot: these scattering167, brought them down in great flocks, and soon half of them were destroyed; the rest laid down their weapons and surrendered. The Arctonians and Kispusiananians quickly followed their example, and their fortifications were surrendered to our hands.
When all these things were fortunately brought to an end,
Behold168 then I called together the first among the people, the eldest169,
The heads of all the troops, to Council, in full assembly;
Like the bubbling ocean’s high-roaring billows
They all did stream to me; and silently heard my speech:
“Noble, brave and celebrated warriors. I doubt not, that it is well known to the most of you, that I ofttimes advised his majesty not to hazard his precious life in this desperate strife170. But his natural courage and fearless heroism171 would not suffer him to remain at home, while his brave people exposed themselves abroad. O, that he could have witnessed our glorious victory! Then our entrance into the imperial residence would have been a true triumph, and our joy over so many noble deeds would have been perfect; not as now, mingled172 with tormenting173 sorrow! I can no longer conceal46 from you the mournful event, which has given each one of us, a greater wound than could all the arrows of the enemy. Know then, that our emperor, in the thickest of the battle, was struck by an unfortunate arrow, and soon after expired. Horrible event! What sorrow, what general mourning will the loss of this great king cause over the whole country! Yet, do not lose courage! The great hero has ceased to live in himself; but he is not dead to you! Your emperor lives again in two princes, true images of their great father, and heirs no less to his virtues174 than to his dignities. You have not changed your emperor, but only your emperor’s name. Since the prince Timuso, as the first born, receives the crown, I am, from this moment, under his sceptre, the leader of the army.
“Hail, Timuso! To him let us swear allegiance! To him, let us swear eternal loyalty175! Him, let us all hereafter obey!”
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1
monarchy
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| n.君主，最高统治者；君主政体，君主国 | |
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exertions
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| n.努力( exertion的名词复数 )；费力；（能力、权力等的）运用；行使 | |
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accomplishment
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| n.完成，成就，（pl.）造诣，技能 | |
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4
radical
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| n.激进份子，原子团，根号；adj.根本的，激进的，彻底的 | |
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warfare
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| n.战争(状态)；斗争；冲突 | |
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labor
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| n.劳动，努力，工作，劳工；分娩；vi.劳动，努力，苦干；vt.详细分析；麻烦 | |
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cavalry
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| n.骑兵；轻装甲部队 | |
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invaders
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| 入侵者，侵略者，侵入物( invader的名词复数 ) | |
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infantry
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| n.[总称]步兵(部队) | |
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10
javelins
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| n.标枪( javelin的名词复数 ) | |
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11
formerly
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| adv.从前，以前 | |
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frightful
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| adj.可怕的；讨厌的 | |
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13
foe
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| n.敌人，仇敌 | |
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foes
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| 敌人，仇敌( foe的名词复数 ) | |
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15
determined
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| adj.坚定的；有决心的 | |
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16
respite
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| n.休息，中止，暂缓 | |
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17
subdue
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| vt.制服，使顺从，征服；抑制，克制 | |
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18
astonishment
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| n.惊奇，惊异 | |
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19
pending
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| prep.直到，等待…期间；adj.待定的；迫近的 | |
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20
imprisoned
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| 下狱，监禁( imprison的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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21
witty
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| adj.机智的，风趣的 | |
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22
agility
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| n.敏捷，活泼 | |
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23
distinguished
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| adj.卓越的，杰出的，著名的 | |
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24
firmament
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| n.苍穹；最高层 | |
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25
judgment
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| n.审判；判断力，识别力，看法，意见 | |
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26
acumen
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| n.敏锐，聪明 | |
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27
skilfulness
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| 巧妙 | |
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28
subterranean
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| adj.地下的，地表下的 | |
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29
dominion
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| n.统治，管辖，支配权；领土，版图 | |
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30
centaurs
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| n.（希腊神话中）半人半马怪物( centaur的名词复数 ) | |
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31
regiments
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| （军队的）团( regiment的名词复数 )； 大量的人或物 | |
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32
warriors
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| 武士，勇士，战士( warrior的名词复数 ) | |
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33
vice
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| n.坏事；恶习；[pl.]台钳，老虎钳；adj.副的 | |
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34
modesty
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| n.谦逊，虚心，端庄，稳重，羞怯，朴素 | |
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35
vigor
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| n.活力，精力，元气 | |
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36
slain
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| 杀死，宰杀，杀戮( slay的过去分词 )； (slay的过去分词) | |
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37
victorious
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| adj.胜利的，得胜的 | |
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38
magistrates
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| 地方法官，治安官( magistrate的名词复数 ) | |
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39
conquerors
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| 征服者，占领者( conqueror的名词复数 ) | |
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40
admiration
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|
| n.钦佩，赞美，羡慕 | |
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41
esteem
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| n.尊敬，尊重；vt.尊重，敬重；把…看作 | |
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42
reverent
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| adj.恭敬的，虔诚的 | |
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43
exultation
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| n.狂喜，得意 | |
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44
refinement
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| n.文雅；高尚；精美；精制；精炼 | |
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45
quaint
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|
| adj.古雅的，离奇有趣的，奇怪的 | |
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46
conceal
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| v.隐藏，隐瞒，隐蔽 | |
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47
concealed
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| a.隐藏的，隐蔽的 | |
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48
antiquity
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|
| n.古老；高龄；古物，古迹 | |
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49
ragged
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| adj.衣衫褴褛的，粗糙的，刺耳的 | |
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50
narration
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| n.讲述，叙述；故事；记叙体 | |
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51
majesty
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|
| n.雄伟，壮丽，庄严，威严；最高权威，王权 | |
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52
demolished
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|
| v.摧毁( demolish的过去式和过去分词 )；推翻；拆毁（尤指大建筑物）；吃光 | |
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53
perverted
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|
| adj.不正当的v.滥用( pervert的过去式和过去分词 )；腐蚀；败坏；使堕落 | |
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54
piety
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|
| n.虔诚，虔敬 | |
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55
augmenter
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| [计] 增量 | |
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56
standing
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| n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的 | |
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57
peculiar
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|
| adj.古怪的，异常的；特殊的，特有的 | |
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58
inconvenient
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|
| adj.不方便的，令人感到麻烦的 | |
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59
controverted
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| v.争论，反驳，否定( controvert的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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60
subservience
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|
| n.有利，有益；从属（地位），附属性；屈从，恭顺；媚态 | |
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61
inquisitiveness
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| 好奇，求知欲 | |
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62
mightiest
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|
| adj.趾高气扬( mighty的最高级 )；巨大的；强有力的；浩瀚的 | |
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63
supremacy
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|
| n.至上；至高权力 | |
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64
absolve
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| v.赦免，解除（责任等） | |
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65
condemns
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|
| v.（通常因道义上的原因而）谴责( condemn的第三人称单数 )；宣判；宣布…不能使用；迫使…陷于不幸的境地 | |
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66
condemn
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| vt.谴责，指责；宣判(罪犯)，判刑 | |
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67
absolves
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| 宣告…无罪，赦免…的罪行，宽恕…的罪行( absolve的第三人称单数 )； 不受责难，免除责任 [义务] ,开脱（罪责） | |
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68
unreasonable
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| adj.不讲道理的，不合情理的，过度的 | |
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69
puffed
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|
| adj.疏松的v.使喷出( puff的过去式和过去分词 )；喷着汽（或烟）移动；吹嘘；吹捧 | |
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70
conceits
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|
| 高傲( conceit的名词复数 )； 自以为； 巧妙的词语； 别出心裁的比喻 | |
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71
sifted
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|
| v.筛( sift的过去式和过去分词 )；筛滤；细查；详审 | |
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72
nourishment
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|
| n.食物，营养品；营养情况 | |
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73
doctrine
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|
| n.教义；主义；学说 | |
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74
doctrines
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|
| n.教条( doctrine的名词复数 )；教义；学说；（政府政策的）正式声明 | |
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75
Christian
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|
| adj.基督教徒的；n.基督教徒 | |
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76
precepts
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|
| n.规诫，戒律，箴言( precept的名词复数 ) | |
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77
erring
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| 做错事的，错误的 | |
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78
lashed
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|
| adj.具睫毛的v.鞭打( lash的过去式和过去分词 )；煽动；紧系；怒斥 | |
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79
blemish
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|
| v.损害；玷污；瑕疵，缺点 | |
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80
originality
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|
| n.创造力，独创性；新颖 | |
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81
severely
|
|
| adv.严格地；严厉地；非常恶劣地 | |
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82
imbibe
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|
| v.喝，饮；吸入，吸收 | |
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83
drawn
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|
| v.拖，拉，拔出；adj.憔悴的，紧张的 | |
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84
malady
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|
| n.病，疾病(通常做比喻) | |
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85
disturbance
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|
| n.动乱，骚动；打扰，干扰；(身心)失调 | |
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86
agitation
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|
| n.搅动；搅拌；鼓动，煽动 | |
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87
appreciable
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|
| adj.明显的，可见的，可估量的，可觉察的 | |
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88
gadding
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|
| n.叮搔症adj.蔓生的v.闲逛( gad的现在分词 )；游荡；找乐子；用铁棒刺 | |
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89
regain
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|
| vt.重新获得，收复，恢复 | |
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90
delirium
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|
| n. 神智昏迷,说胡话;极度兴奋 | |
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91
strewing
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| v.撒在…上( strew的现在分词 )；散落于；点缀；撒满 | |
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92
implore
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| vt.乞求，恳求，哀求 | |
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93
entirely
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|
| ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地 | |
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94
austerely
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| adv.严格地，朴质地 | |
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95
lawful
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|
| adj.法律许可的，守法的，合法的 | |
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96
controversies
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| 争论 | |
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97
phenomena
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| n.现象 | |
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98
slippers
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| n. 拖鞋 | |
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99
subscribe
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| vi.(to)订阅，订购；同意；vt.捐助，赞助 | |
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100
oysters
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| 牡蛎( oyster的名词复数 ) | |
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101
implicitly
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| adv. 含蓄地, 暗中地, 毫不保留地 | |
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102
sapience
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| n.贤明，睿智 | |
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103
bakers
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| n.面包师( baker的名词复数 )；面包店；面包店店主；十三 | |
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104
dough
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| n.生面团；钱，现款 | |
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105
cleaves
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| v.劈开，剁开，割开( cleave的第三人称单数 ) | |
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106
professed
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| 公开声称的，伪称的，已立誓信教的 | |
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107
fickleness
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| n.易变；无常；浮躁；变化无常 | |
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108
seamen
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| n.海员 | |
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109
affected
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| adj.不自然的，假装的 | |
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110
mere
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| adj.纯粹的；仅仅，只不过 | |
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111
superfluous
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| adj.过多的，过剩的，多余的 | |
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112
devour
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| v.吞没；贪婪地注视或谛听，贪读；使着迷 | |
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113
gorges
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|
| n.山峡，峡谷( gorge的名词复数 )；咽喉v.（用食物把自己）塞饱，填饱( gorge的第三人称单数 )；作呕 | |
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114
gallows
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| n.绞刑架，绞台 | |
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115
stigma
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| n.耻辱，污名；(花的)柱头 | |
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116
cloisters
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| n.（学院、修道院、教堂等建筑的）走廊( cloister的名词复数 )；回廊；修道院的生活；隐居v.隐退，使与世隔绝( cloister的第三人称单数 ) | |
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117
accomplished
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|
| adj.有才艺的；有造诣的；达到了的 | |
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118
sects
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| n.宗派，教派( sect的名词复数 ) | |
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119
deities
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| n.神，女神( deity的名词复数 )；神祗；神灵；神明 | |
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120
cardinals
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| 红衣主教( cardinal的名词复数 )； 红衣凤头鸟（见于北美，雄鸟为鲜红色）； 基数 | |
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121
mighty
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| adj.强有力的；巨大的 | |
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122
apparently
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| adv.显然地；表面上，似乎 | |
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123
subdued
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| adj. 屈服的，柔和的，减弱的 动词subdue的过去式和过去分词 | |
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124
victuals
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| n.食物；食品 | |
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125
auction
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|
| n.拍卖；拍卖会；vt.拍卖 | |
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126
aptitude
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| n.(学习方面的)才能，资质，天资 | |
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127
noted
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| adj.著名的，知名的 | |
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128
abominable
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| adj.可厌的，令人憎恶的 | |
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129
perversion
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| n.曲解；堕落；反常 | |
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130
capability
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| n.能力；才能；(pl)可发展的能力或特性等 | |
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131
requisite
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| adj.需要的，必不可少的；n.必需品 | |
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132
possessed
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| adj.疯狂的；拥有的，占有的 | |
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133
eminent
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| adj.显赫的，杰出的，有名的，优良的 | |
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134
excellence
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| n.优秀，杰出，(pl.)优点，美德 | |
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135
elegance
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| n.优雅；优美，雅致；精致，巧妙 | |
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136
binding
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| 有约束力的，有效的，应遵守的 | |
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137
muses
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| v.沉思，冥想( muse的第三人称单数 )；沉思自语说（某事） | |
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138
lesser
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| adj.次要的，较小的；adv.较小地，较少地 | |
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139
prescriptions
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| 药( prescription的名词复数 )； 处方； 开处方； 计划 | |
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140
dignified
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| a.可敬的，高贵的 | |
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141
prattle
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| n.闲谈；v.（小孩般）天真无邪地说话；发出连续而无意义的声音 | |
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142
simplicity
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|
| n.简单，简易；朴素；直率，单纯 | |
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143
wield
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| vt.行使，运用，支配；挥，使用(武器等) | |
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144
obstinacy
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|
| n.顽固；（病痛等）难治 | |
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145
bowels
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| n.肠，内脏，内部；肠( bowel的名词复数 )；内部，最深处 | |
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briefly
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| adv.简单地，简短地 | |
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pious
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| adj.虔诚的；道貌岸然的 | |
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148
extraordinarily
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| adv.格外地；极端地 | |
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149
zealous
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| adj.狂热的，热心的 | |
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150
humble
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| adj.谦卑的，恭顺的；地位低下的；v.降低，贬低 | |
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151
obedience
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| n.服从，顺从 | |
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152
inflamed
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| adj.发炎的，红肿的v.（使）变红，发怒，过热( inflame的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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153
choleric
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| adj.易怒的，性情暴躁的 | |
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154
celebrated
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| adj.有名的，声誉卓著的 | |
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uncommon
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| adj.罕见的，非凡的，不平常的 | |
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156
allied
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| adj.协约国的；同盟国的 | |
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157
cession
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| n.割让，转让 | |
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158
misery
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| n.痛苦，苦恼，苦难；悲惨的境遇，贫苦 | |
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159
folly
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| n.愚笨，愚蠢，蠢事，蠢行，傻话 | |
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160
unnatural
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| adj.不自然的；反常的 | |
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161
yoke
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| n.轭；支配；v.给...上轭，连接，使成配偶 | |
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162
besieged
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| 包围，围困，围攻( besiege的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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163
havoc
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| n.大破坏，浩劫，大混乱，大杂乱 | |
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rebellious
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| adj.造反的，反抗的，难控制的 | |
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165
slaughtered
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| v.屠杀，杀戮，屠宰( slaughter的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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166
expedient
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| adj.有用的，有利的；n.紧急的办法，权宜之计 | |
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167
scattering
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| n.[物]散射；散乱，分散；在媒介质中的散播adj.散乱的；分散在不同范围的；广泛扩散的；（选票）数量分散的v.散射(scatter的ing形式)；散布；驱散 | |
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168
behold
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| v.看，注视，看到 | |
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eldest
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| adj.最年长的，最年老的 | |
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170
strife
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| n.争吵，冲突，倾轧，竞争 | |
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171
heroism
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| n.大无畏精神，英勇 | |
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172
mingled
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| 混合，混入( mingle的过去式和过去分词 )； 混进，与…交往[联系] | |
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173
tormenting
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| 使痛苦的，使苦恼的 | |
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174
virtues
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| 美德( virtue的名词复数 )； 德行； 优点； 长处 | |
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175
loyalty
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| n.忠诚，忠心 | |
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